WEBVTT00:00:02.400 --> 00:00:03.480各位晚上好00:00:03.480 --> 00:00:05.240今天我们来共同学习一下00:00:05.240 --> 00:00:07.280流感与感冒的区别00:00:07.280 --> 00:00:09.300症状及预防措施00:00:12.000 --> 00:00:14.800这个课件呢共分为八部分的内容00:00:14.800 --> 00:00:16.200第一部分是引言00:00:16.200 --> 00:00:18.140第二部分是流感概述00:00:18.480 --> 00:00:20.420第三部分是感冒概述00:00:21.000 --> 00:00:21.640第四部分00:00:21.640 --> 00:00:23.980是谈一下流感与感冒的区别00:00:24.120 --> 00:00:26.300第五来谈一下诊断方法00:00:26.320 --> 00:00:28.580第六就是各自的治疗策略00:00:28.800 --> 00:00:30.500第七是预防措施00:00:30.760 --> 00:00:33.620那第八就是社会影响与健康教育00:00:34.760 --> 00:00:37.460来首先我们来看一下语言的部分00:00:37.880 --> 00:00:41.100呃流感与感冒的常见误区00:00:43.440 --> 00:00:46.500感冒与流感的症状容易混淆00:00:47.000 --> 00:00:48.680由于他们的症状相似00:00:48.680 --> 00:00:51.420比如说有咳嗽有发热等等00:00:51.520 --> 00:00:54.580人们经常会将感冒误认为是流感00:00:54.640 --> 00:00:55.520这种误区呢00:00:55.520 --> 00:00:56.840可能会导致患者00:00:56.840 --> 00:00:59.860未能及时采取正确的治疗措施00:01:00.160 --> 00:01:03.020从而加重病情或者延长病程00:01:03.920 --> 00:01:04.720那首先00:01:04.720 --> 00:01:08.260流感与感冒的传染性是有差异的00:01:08.760 --> 00:01:09.720许多人误以为00:01:09.720 --> 00:01:12.900感冒和流感具有相同的传播能力00:01:13.000 --> 00:01:13.940实际上00:01:14.320 --> 00:01:16.520流感病毒的传播速度和范围00:01:16.520 --> 00:01:18.100远超普通感冒00:01:19.560 --> 00:01:21.040流感的高传染性00:01:21.040 --> 00:01:24.200也使得流感很容易在全球范围内00:01:24.200 --> 00:01:25.340迅速蔓延00:01:28.440 --> 00:01:29.200那第三个就是00:01:29.200 --> 00:01:32.280感冒与流感的治疗方法也相同的00:01:32.280 --> 00:01:35.620虽然感冒和流感都可以通过休息00:01:35.800 --> 00:01:36.400补水00:01:36.400 --> 00:01:39.540和使用对症治疗药物来缓解症状00:01:39.720 --> 00:01:42.700但是流感往往需要抗病毒药物治疗00:01:42.720 --> 00:01:43.600而感冒00:01:43.600 --> 00:01:46.580则主要是依赖自身免疫系统的恢复00:01:51.000 --> 00:01:53.980流感与感冒的定义和关系00:01:54.360 --> 00:01:57.020首先来看一下流感的定义和特征00:01:57.440 --> 00:01:59.800流感是由流感病毒引起的00:01:59.800 --> 00:02:01.940一种急性呼吸道传染病00:02:01.960 --> 00:02:04.680它的特点为高传染性和快速00:02:04.680 --> 00:02:06.140特变异性00:02:06.840 --> 00:02:09.460常见的症状包括发热咳嗽00:02:09.680 --> 00:02:11.180喉咙疼痛等等00:02:11.680 --> 00:02:13.760那什么是感冒感冒的00:02:13.760 --> 00:02:14.840定义呢就是感冒00:02:14.840 --> 00:02:17.460通常它是由多种病毒引起的00:02:17.520 --> 00:02:19.420主要是影响上呼吸道00:02:19.480 --> 00:02:22.700表现为鼻塞流涕打喷嚏等症状00:02:22.880 --> 00:02:24.580虽然传染性较低00:02:24.600 --> 00:02:27.480但是常也是常见的季节性的疾病00:02:27.480 --> 00:02:29.220比如说冬季容易发生00:02:31.000 --> 00:02:33.800流感与感冒的关系流感和感冒呢00:02:33.800 --> 00:02:35.980它都属于是呼吸道疾病00:02:36.200 --> 00:02:36.640但是呢00:02:36.640 --> 00:02:39.920两者在病因症状和传播方式上00:02:39.920 --> 00:02:42.460还是存在一些明显的差异的00:02:42.920 --> 00:02:44.680那如何去正确区分呢00:02:44.680 --> 00:02:48.240那我们是要去理解和00:02:48.240 --> 00:02:50.340和学会去区分的00:02:50.520 --> 00:02:52.440正确区分对这两种疾病呢00:02:52.440 --> 00:02:53.400是有效的00:02:53.400 --> 00:02:54.340预防了00:02:54.480 --> 00:02:57.220这个这两种疾病的治疗和传播00:02:57.240 --> 00:02:59.580那么和治疗也是至关重要的00:03:03.920 --> 00:03:04.920流感与感冒呢00:03:04.920 --> 00:03:06.620对公共卫生的影响00:03:06.800 --> 00:03:08.780流感与感冒的季节性00:03:09.280 --> 00:03:11.960流感和普通感冒在季节变化中00:03:11.960 --> 00:03:14.180表现出不同的流行模式00:03:14.320 --> 00:03:16.260流感多发生在冬季00:03:16.480 --> 00:03:18.860而感冒则全年可以发生00:03:18.880 --> 00:03:20.660这种季节性差异呢00:03:21.080 --> 00:03:23.000对公共卫生策略的制定00:03:23.000 --> 00:03:24.420具有指导意义00:03:25.680 --> 00:03:27.360那医疗资源的压力00:03:27.360 --> 00:03:28.480流感高峰期00:03:28.480 --> 00:03:30.340往往会导致医疗机构00:03:30.560 --> 00:03:32.340面临着巨大的压力00:03:32.520 --> 00:03:34.760流感的高传染性和严重性00:03:34.760 --> 00:03:37.860要求公共卫生系统要提前准备00:03:40.400 --> 00:03:42.620包括疫苗的分发00:03:42.840 --> 00:03:44.400抗病毒药物的储备00:03:44.400 --> 00:03:46.220以及医护人员的培训00:03:46.520 --> 00:03:48.820来减轻对医疗系统的冲击00:03:49.800 --> 00:03:51.240社会经济负担方面00:03:51.240 --> 00:03:54.420流感和感冒不仅威胁个人健康00:03:54.520 --> 00:03:57.900还可能对社会经济造成重大影响00:03:58.600 --> 00:04:01.500因病确诊导致的生产力的损失00:04:01.880 --> 00:04:03.340医疗费用的增加00:04:04.640 --> 00:04:06.920以及预防措施的成本00:04:06.920 --> 00:04:08.880它都反映了这两种疾病00:04:08.880 --> 00:04:11.620对公共卫生经济的深远影响00:04:14.280 --> 00:04:16.520好那我们来到第二部分内容00:04:16.520 --> 00:04:17.800就是流感概述00:04:17.800 --> 00:04:19.140来看一下流感00:04:19.440 --> 00:04:21.980流感的传播方式主要有三种00:04:22.040 --> 00:04:23.320空气飞沫传播00:04:23.320 --> 00:04:25.780接触传播和直接接触传播00:04:25.960 --> 00:04:28.540那首先来看一下空气飞沫传播00:04:28.880 --> 00:04:32.020流感病毒通过感染者咳嗽00:04:32.120 --> 00:04:33.080打喷嚏00:04:33.080 --> 00:04:36.260或者说话时释放的微小水滴传播00:04:36.520 --> 00:04:38.720这些水滴呢会悬浮在空气中00:04:38.720 --> 00:04:40.240被他人吸入00:04:40.240 --> 00:04:42.700从而引发新一轮的感染00:04:43.600 --> 00:04:46.140那第二个传播方式就是激素传播00:04:46.640 --> 00:04:47.720当健康人00:04:47.720 --> 00:04:50.540接触到流感患者的呼吸道分泌物时00:04:50.720 --> 00:04:51.800或者是唾液00:04:51.800 --> 00:04:54.460或者是鼻涕等等这些污染物品后00:04:54.480 --> 00:04:55.840如果不及时洗手00:04:55.840 --> 00:04:58.340可能会通过触摸自己的眼睛00:04:58.520 --> 00:04:59.800鼻子或者嘴巴00:04:59.800 --> 00:05:01.980而流感染上流感病毒00:05:02.720 --> 00:05:05.700第三个传播方式就是直接接触传播00:05:05.840 --> 00:05:07.520人与人之间的密切接触00:05:07.520 --> 00:05:08.880如拥抱握手00:05:08.880 --> 00:05:11.460或者共共用餐具等等行为00:05:11.480 --> 00:05:13.980也可能导致流感病毒的传播00:05:14.000 --> 00:05:15.320特别是当双方00:05:15.320 --> 00:05:18.540均未采取适当的保护措施的时候00:05:20.960 --> 00:05:23.140流感的高发季节和地区00:05:23.840 --> 00:05:24.320呃00:05:24.320 --> 00:05:28.220流感的高发季节是在秋季和冬季00:05:28.280 --> 00:05:30.000是流感的高发季节00:05:30.000 --> 00:05:30.800秋冬季00:05:31.160 --> 00:05:34.380由于气温下降和室内活动增增加00:05:34.920 --> 00:05:37.220病毒传播的机会也随之增多00:05:37.320 --> 00:05:39.840人们需要增加防护措施00:05:39.840 --> 00:05:41.540来减少感染的风险00:05:42.160 --> 00:05:44.580那再看一下流感的流行地区00:05:44.800 --> 00:05:47.500流感在全球范围内广泛流行00:05:47.520 --> 00:05:50.720尤其在人口密集交通频繁的地区呢00:05:50.720 --> 00:05:51.820更为常见00:05:52.200 --> 00:05:53.960这些地区的高流动性00:05:53.960 --> 00:05:56.040加速了病毒的传播速度00:05:56.040 --> 00:05:58.380使得防控工作更加复杂00:05:59.920 --> 00:06:00.480那第三00:06:00.480 --> 00:06:02.540再来看一下易感人群的分布00:06:03.080 --> 00:06:04.280儿童和老年人00:06:04.280 --> 00:06:06.240以及患有慢性疾病的人群00:06:06.240 --> 00:06:08.220都是流感的易感群体00:06:08.480 --> 00:06:10.220他们的免疫系统比较弱00:06:10.280 --> 00:06:12.340对病毒的抵抗力较低00:06:12.480 --> 00:06:15.580因此更容易受到流感的影响00:06:19.480 --> 00:06:22.340那再谈一下流感病毒的类型与变异00:06:22.560 --> 00:06:24.280流感病毒的类型主00:06:24.280 --> 00:06:26.620要分为a型b型和c型00:06:26.760 --> 00:06:29.200其中a型流感病毒是最为常见00:06:29.200 --> 00:06:30.780而且变异迅速00:06:31.240 --> 00:06:33.720b型和c型流感病毒引起的疾病呢00:06:33.720 --> 00:06:34.940相对比较轻00:06:36.640 --> 00:06:37.480流感病毒呢00:06:37.480 --> 00:06:38.500它有变异00:06:38.560 --> 00:06:40.200那流感病毒的变异机制00:06:40.200 --> 00:06:40.560主要是00:06:40.560 --> 00:06:44.160通过基因重组和点突变等方式00:06:44.160 --> 00:06:45.660不断发生变异00:06:46.000 --> 00:06:47.080这种高变异性00:06:47.080 --> 00:06:48.120使得流感病毒00:06:48.120 --> 00:06:50.960能够逃避人体免疫系统的供给00:06:50.960 --> 00:06:52.860导致频繁的大流行00:06:53.880 --> 00:06:55.540流感病毒的抗药性00:06:55.600 --> 00:06:58.020由于抗生素耐用和不当使用00:06:58.080 --> 00:07:00.700流感病毒呢逐渐产生抗药性00:07:01.040 --> 00:07:03.540这使得治疗流感变得更加困难00:07:03.640 --> 00:07:04.960同时也增加了00:07:04.960 --> 00:07:07.620易容系医疗系统的压力和成本00:07:11.000 --> 00:07:12.660那我们再看一下感冒00:07:13.200 --> 00:07:14.760感冒的传播方式00:07:14.760 --> 00:07:17.060同样是三个传播方式00:07:17.520 --> 00:07:21.260空气飞沫传播接触传播和手部传播00:07:22.400 --> 00:07:23.960看一下空气飞沫传播00:07:23.960 --> 00:07:26.720流感感冒病毒通过患者的咳嗽00:07:26.720 --> 00:07:28.960打喷嚏时释放的微小飞沫00:07:28.960 --> 00:07:30.140进入空气中00:07:30.200 --> 00:07:32.840这些飞沫呢会被周围人群吸入后00:07:32.840 --> 00:07:34.900就可能引起新的感染00:07:34.920 --> 00:07:36.940尤其是在密闭空间中00:07:37.080 --> 00:07:39.460这种传播方式是更为显著的00:07:40.080 --> 00:07:41.640接触传播啊00:07:41.640 --> 00:07:42.440感冒病毒呢00:07:42.440 --> 00:07:45.500还可以通过直接或者间接接触传播00:07:45.560 --> 00:07:49.220如通过被病毒污染的物体或者在00:07:49.760 --> 00:07:51.300然后再触摸口鼻00:07:51.480 --> 00:07:53.700或者与感染者握手等等00:07:53.960 --> 00:07:55.000这种接触传播00:07:55.000 --> 00:07:57.160在日常生活中是比较常见的00:07:57.160 --> 00:07:59.700也是感冒的重要的途00:08:00.200 --> 00:08:01.600重要的这个传播途径00:08:01.600 --> 00:08:02.400治愈00:08:03.080 --> 00:08:06.100手部作为日常活动中频繁使用的00:08:06.440 --> 00:08:09.760这个部位很容易沾染上各种病原体00:08:09.760 --> 00:08:11.420包括感冒病毒00:08:11.720 --> 00:08:13.800当人们用手触摸面部时00:08:13.800 --> 00:08:16.260尤其是眼鼻和口等部位00:08:16.360 --> 00:08:20.140病毒呢就有机会从手上转移到体内00:08:20.160 --> 00:08:21.660从而导致感染00:08:23.920 --> 00:08:26.260那感冒的高发季节和地区00:08:27.320 --> 00:08:29.300冬季感冒是高发原因00:08:30.280 --> 00:08:31.640冬季气温骤降00:08:31.640 --> 00:08:33.800人体免疫系统在低温环境下00:08:33.800 --> 00:08:34.820易受抑制00:08:35.120 --> 00:08:36.980加之人们室内活动增多00:08:37.160 --> 00:08:38.540空气流通不畅00:08:38.920 --> 00:08:41.280呃病毒传播机会呢会增加00:08:41.280 --> 00:08:43.660导致感冒在冬季尤为高发00:08:45.440 --> 00:08:45.800另外00:08:45.800 --> 00:08:48.520潮湿地区呢也是感感冒多发的00:08:48.520 --> 00:08:49.560湿度较高的00:08:49.560 --> 00:08:52.040较高的地区空气中的细菌和病毒00:08:52.040 --> 00:08:54.100它更容易成活和繁殖00:08:54.520 --> 00:08:55.080同时呢00:08:55.080 --> 00:08:58.600潮湿环境地也降低了人体的抵抗力00:08:58.600 --> 00:09:01.380使得感冒在这些地区呢更为常见00:09:02.080 --> 00:09:03.080那么还有一些00:09:03.080 --> 00:09:05.780就是学校与工作场所聚集性感染00:09:05.960 --> 00:09:09.140在学校办公室等人员密集的场所00:09:09.280 --> 00:09:12.100学生和员工长时间近距离接触00:09:12.360 --> 00:09:13.660一旦有人感染00:09:13.680 --> 00:09:14.740感冒病毒00:09:15.080 --> 00:09:18.220就容易通过飞沫传播给周围的人00:09:18.280 --> 00:09:20.700形成一个聚集性的感染事件00:09:23.600 --> 00:09:25.180感冒的症状和分类00:09:25.800 --> 00:09:29.340感冒的典型症状是流鼻涕00:09:29.680 --> 00:09:31.140喉咙痛和咳嗽00:09:31.280 --> 00:09:33.600那么这些症状往往伴随着头痛00:09:33.600 --> 00:09:35.260乏力和全身不适00:09:35.720 --> 00:09:36.680严重影响着00:09:36.680 --> 00:09:39.180患者的日常生活和工作效率00:09:40.080 --> 00:09:41.500那感冒的分类00:09:41.920 --> 00:09:43.560根据病原体的不同00:09:43.560 --> 00:09:46.140感冒可以分为普通感冒和流感00:09:46.600 --> 00:09:49.260其中普通感冒由多种病毒引起00:09:49.280 --> 00:09:52.700而流感则主要由流感病毒引起00:09:52.800 --> 00:09:55.940两者在症状和严重程度上有所差异00:09:57.840 --> 00:09:58.440那第三00:09:58.440 --> 00:10:00.740我们来看一下特殊类型的感冒00:10:01.160 --> 00:10:03.600除了常见的病毒性感冒外00:10:03.600 --> 00:10:06.020还有过敏性鼻炎等特殊类型00:10:06.280 --> 00:10:08.760这些疾病虽然不直接归类为感冒00:10:08.760 --> 00:10:11.020但常与感冒症状相似00:10:11.320 --> 00:10:14.380需要通过专业检查来区分诊断00:10:14.480 --> 00:10:17.200其实我们很容易把过敏性鼻炎00:10:17.200 --> 00:10:18.320误认为是感冒00:10:18.320 --> 00:10:21.160我们很多的这个呃00:10:21.160 --> 00:10:22.680就是他们患者00:10:22.680 --> 00:10:25.200很容易来把过敏性鼻炎00:10:25.200 --> 00:10:25.720因为症状00:10:25.720 --> 00:10:27.940很相似认为是这个感冒00:10:30.640 --> 00:10:32.320那下面第四部分00:10:32.320 --> 00:10:35.500我们再来谈一下流感与感冒的区别00:10:36.800 --> 00:10:38.860首先病原体是不同的00:10:39.000 --> 00:10:41.680感冒的病原体主要包括多种病毒00:10:41.680 --> 00:10:44.140如鼻病毒冠状病毒等等00:10:44.480 --> 00:10:45.240那么这些病毒00:10:45.240 --> 00:10:46.840主要是通过空气传播00:10:46.840 --> 00:10:48.420和直接接触传播00:10:48.640 --> 00:10:50.420引起上胃道感染00:10:50.520 --> 00:10:52.040症状呢通常比较轻00:10:52.040 --> 00:10:53.420而且自限性强00:10:54.200 --> 00:10:55.440那流感的病原体00:10:55.440 --> 00:10:57.980主要由甲型和乙型病毒引起00:10:58.080 --> 00:11:01.260具有较较强的这个传染性和病理性00:11:01.480 --> 00:11:02.280流感病毒呢00:11:02.280 --> 00:11:04.260可以通过分分布传播00:11:04.760 --> 00:11:06.940感染以后常导致高热00:11:07.000 --> 00:11:08.980全身疼痛等严重症状00:11:09.360 --> 00:11:11.420并可能引发并发症00:11:12.800 --> 00:11:14.660那病原体的致病机制00:11:15.400 --> 00:11:16.960感冒病毒和流感病毒00:11:16.960 --> 00:11:18.660虽然都是呼吸道病毒00:11:18.880 --> 00:11:21.940但他的致病机制还是有所不同的00:11:22.360 --> 00:11:25.300感冒病毒主要是引起上呼吸道感染00:11:26.360 --> 00:11:27.640而流感病毒00:11:27.640 --> 00:11:31.220则可能是更深入的侵入到下呼吸道00:11:31.400 --> 00:11:34.140从而引发更严重的炎症反应00:11:37.400 --> 00:11:38.780症状对比分析00:11:40.080 --> 00:11:42.520流感呢主要表现为全身症状00:11:42.520 --> 00:11:45.620流感患者常常出现高热寒颤00:11:45.680 --> 00:11:49.260全身肌肉酸痛和极度疲劳等症状00:11:49.920 --> 00:11:52.860这些症状通常比感冒更为严重00:11:52.920 --> 00:11:55.980而且影响患者的日常生活以及活动00:11:56.720 --> 00:11:57.520那感冒的00:11:57.520 --> 00:11:59.860主要是表现为呼吸道的局部症状00:12:00.840 --> 00:12:02.060相较于流感00:12:02.120 --> 00:12:03.440普通感冒的症状呢00:12:03.440 --> 00:12:05.260主要集中在上呼吸道00:12:05.600 --> 00:12:10.140如流流鼻涕喉咙痛和咳嗽等00:12:10.280 --> 00:12:12.420这些症状虽然令人不适00:12:12.480 --> 00:12:15.540但一般不会引起严重的全身反应00:12:16.360 --> 00:12:19.060再从两者的持续时间来比较00:12:19.200 --> 00:12:23.180流感的症状通常持续较长的时间00:12:23.440 --> 00:12:25.780可能从几天到几周不等00:12:26.120 --> 00:12:26.720而感冒呢00:12:26.720 --> 00:12:28.700一般相对较快的恢复00:12:28.720 --> 00:12:30.520一般在一周一两00:12:30.520 --> 00:12:32.220一到两周内会痊愈00:12:32.400 --> 00:12:34.000而且期间的症状也是00:12:34.000 --> 00:12:35.600逐渐减轻00:12:35.600 --> 00:12:36.780直到消失00:12:40.080 --> 00:12:41.040那再看一下00:12:41.040 --> 00:12:43.980两者疾病的严重性与并发症的比较00:12:45.080 --> 00:12:46.400流感的严重性00:12:46.400 --> 00:12:48.600流感病毒具有高度传染性00:12:48.600 --> 00:12:50.980能够迅速在人群中传播00:12:51.240 --> 00:12:53.380会引起大规模的流行病00:12:53.640 --> 00:12:54.520流感的症状00:12:54.520 --> 00:12:57.020通常比普通感冒更为严重00:12:57.200 --> 00:13:00.700包括高烧全身疼痛极度疲劳00:13:00.920 --> 00:13:03.540会影响患者的日常生活与工作00:13:04.240 --> 00:13:05.820那感冒的并发症00:13:06.080 --> 00:13:07.080虽然普通感冒00:13:07.080 --> 00:13:09.620通常不会导致严重的健康问题00:13:09.760 --> 00:13:11.200但在某些情况下00:13:11.200 --> 00:13:12.680如儿童老人00:13:12.680 --> 00:13:14.900或者免疫系统受损的个体中00:13:15.960 --> 00:13:17.960感冒可能会引发并发症00:13:17.960 --> 00:13:20.100如肺炎支气管炎等00:13:20.360 --> 00:13:22.860从而也会增加治疗难度和风险00:13:23.640 --> 00:13:24.200那此外00:13:24.200 --> 00:13:26.260流感还有一个潜在的并发症00:13:26.280 --> 00:13:28.280流感不仅自身症状严重00:13:28.280 --> 00:13:30.960还可能会引起一系列严重的并发症00:13:30.960 --> 00:13:33.720比如说心肌炎脑膜炎00:13:33.720 --> 00:13:35.500甚至会引起死亡00:13:36.240 --> 00:13:38.780特别是对于有基础疾病的人群00:13:38.840 --> 00:13:40.740流感的危险性更大00:13:40.800 --> 00:13:43.620需要特别警惕并及时就医00:13:48.000 --> 00:13:49.160诊断第五部分00:13:49.160 --> 00:13:51.220我们来看一下诊断方法00:13:51.320 --> 00:13:53.820流感与感冒的实验室检测00:13:54.160 --> 00:13:55.980流感病毒的检测技术00:13:56.480 --> 00:13:59.380主要依赖于快速流感检测试剂盒00:13:59.480 --> 00:14:02.420通过检测样本中的流感病毒抗原00:14:02.720 --> 00:14:03.640或者核酸00:14:03.640 --> 00:14:06.820来实现对流感的快速诊断00:14:07.080 --> 00:14:07.960这种方法呢00:14:07.960 --> 00:14:10.080因为比较高效便捷00:14:10.080 --> 00:14:12.340而广泛应用于临床实践00:14:13.080 --> 00:14:14.720感冒病毒的检测方法呢00:14:14.720 --> 00:14:17.260主要是通常采用pcr技术00:14:17.480 --> 00:14:19.080通过对呼吸道样本中的00:14:19.080 --> 00:14:22.500甲型和乙型流感病毒的核酸检测00:14:22.840 --> 00:14:25.300来区分普通感冒与流感00:14:25.320 --> 00:14:27.660来为精准治疗提供依据00:14:28.320 --> 00:14:29.560当然实验室检查呢00:14:29.560 --> 00:14:31.380还是有一定的局限性的00:14:31.520 --> 00:14:31.960尽管00:14:31.960 --> 00:14:34.920实验室检测在流感与感冒的鉴鉴别00:14:34.920 --> 00:14:36.800诊断中发挥着这个重要的作00:14:36.800 --> 00:14:37.600用00:14:38.200 --> 00:14:41.300但其结果受到样本采集00:14:41.640 --> 00:14:42.200运输00:14:42.200 --> 00:14:45.100以及保存条件等多种因素的影响00:14:45.160 --> 00:14:48.820也存在一定的局限性和误差风险00:14:53.000 --> 00:14:55.200临床诊断标准首先呢00:14:55.200 --> 00:14:57.740我们可以从症状差异来识别00:14:58.200 --> 00:15:00.000感冒通常表现为鼻塞00:15:00.000 --> 00:15:01.820流涕和轻微咳嗽00:15:01.840 --> 00:15:04.080而流感则伴有高热00:15:04.080 --> 00:15:06.660全身疼痛及显著的疲劳感00:15:06.760 --> 00:15:07.960这些症状的差异00:15:07.960 --> 00:15:11.220有助于临床医生快速区分二者疾病00:15:12.240 --> 00:15:14.420第二持续的时间来观察00:15:14.640 --> 00:15:16.580感冒的病程一般较短00:15:16.600 --> 00:15:18.580而且多在一周内自愈00:15:18.600 --> 00:15:21.140而流感的恢复期通常比较长00:15:21.280 --> 00:15:23.100可能需要数周的时间00:15:23.200 --> 00:15:27.200可以通过观察病程长短00:15:27.200 --> 00:15:29.820可以作为一个诊断的辅助手段00:15:31.360 --> 00:15:33.940也可以通过并发症风险评估00:15:34.080 --> 00:15:38.320流感比感冒更易导致严重的并发症00:15:38.320 --> 00:15:40.100如肺炎心肌炎等00:15:40.360 --> 00:15:41.080临床医生00:15:41.080 --> 00:15:44.240更需要根据患者的具体的病情00:15:44.240 --> 00:15:45.340进行判别00:15:46.800 --> 00:15:49.780以判断是否存在并发症的风险00:15:52.800 --> 00:15:53.880那第一类部分内容00:15:53.880 --> 00:15:54.840我们来看一下00:15:54.840 --> 00:15:57.620这个流感和感冒的这个治疗策略00:15:59.520 --> 00:16:01.040流感的抗病毒作用00:16:01.040 --> 00:16:03.780使用抗病毒药物的种类00:16:03.840 --> 00:16:06.200流感的抗病毒药物种类繁多00:16:06.200 --> 00:16:09.020包括神经氨酸酶抑制剂00:16:09.720 --> 00:16:11.940m two离子通道阻止剂等00:16:11.960 --> 00:16:15.360这些药物通过抑制病毒复制或释放00:16:15.360 --> 00:16:17.060来达到治疗效果00:16:17.160 --> 00:16:19.820为流感治疗提供了多种选择00:16:20.680 --> 00:16:22.980那再看一下用药时机与疗程00:16:23.600 --> 00:16:25.160抗病毒药物的使用00:16:25.160 --> 00:16:27.620需要严格掌握时机和疗程00:16:27.800 --> 00:16:28.400通常00:16:28.400 --> 00:16:30.960在流感症状出现后的四十八小时内00:16:30.960 --> 00:16:31.920开始使用00:16:31.920 --> 00:16:33.340效果是最佳的00:16:33.360 --> 00:16:36.400而且需要连服五天以上00:16:36.400 --> 00:16:38.620以彻底清除体内的病毒00:16:39.280 --> 00:16:40.700避免病情的反复00:16:41.920 --> 00:16:44.900呃药物的副作用也注意事项00:16:45.000 --> 00:16:46.980流感病毒药物虽然有效00:16:47.080 --> 00:16:48.560但也可能会带来一些00:16:48.560 --> 00:16:51.500副作用如恶心呕吐头痛等等00:16:52.000 --> 00:16:52.560使用时呢00:16:52.560 --> 00:16:54.580需要注意观察患者的反应00:16:54.600 --> 00:16:57.480并且遵循医嘱来调整剂量00:16:57.480 --> 00:16:58.820或者更换药物00:16:58.840 --> 00:17:01.060确保治疗安全有效00:17:04.120 --> 00:17:06.200那除了抗病毒药物治疗以外00:17:06.200 --> 00:17:08.100我们还需要对症治疗00:17:08.280 --> 00:17:09.200那我们来看一下00:17:09.200 --> 00:17:11.100感冒的对症治疗的方法00:17:11.640 --> 00:17:14.100首先要缓缓解感冒症状00:17:14.160 --> 00:17:15.480使用非处方药物00:17:15.480 --> 00:17:17.900如解热镇痛药和抗阻胺药00:17:17.920 --> 00:17:20.660可以有效缓解感冒引起的头痛00:17:20.680 --> 00:17:22.820发热和鼻塞等症状00:17:22.920 --> 00:17:25.140来帮助患者减轻不适00:17:25.160 --> 00:17:26.580提供生活质量00:17:28.160 --> 00:17:30.080第二要保持充分的水分00:17:30.080 --> 00:17:31.080充足的水分00:17:31.080 --> 00:17:32.040感冒期间呢00:17:32.040 --> 00:17:33.880保持充足的水分摄入00:17:33.880 --> 00:17:35.480对于缓解喉咙痛00:17:35.480 --> 00:17:37.040和促进体内毒素排出00:17:37.040 --> 00:17:38.020至关重要00:17:38.160 --> 00:17:41.360适量饮用温水或温和的草本茶00:17:41.360 --> 00:17:43.540有助于保持身体水平衡00:17:43.960 --> 00:17:45.420加速康复过程00:17:46.000 --> 00:17:47.700第三要休息与营养00:17:47.760 --> 00:17:50.140充足的休息和均衡的饮食00:17:50.160 --> 00:17:52.700对感冒恢复具有重要作用00:17:52.800 --> 00:17:55.220确保获得足够的睡眠时间00:17:55.280 --> 00:17:57.320同时需要增加富含维生素00:17:57.320 --> 00:17:59.180和矿物质的食物摄入00:17:59.640 --> 00:18:01.660如新鲜水果和蔬菜00:18:01.760 --> 00:18:03.860能够增强免疫系统功能00:18:03.880 --> 00:18:05.860加快病情的好转00:18:08.600 --> 00:18:09.240来00:18:09.240 --> 00:18:11.980接下去第七部分内容就是预防措施00:18:12.640 --> 00:18:15.440首先个人卫生习惯的重要性00:18:15.440 --> 00:18:16.940第一要勤洗手00:18:17.000 --> 00:18:18.500减少病毒传播00:18:18.720 --> 00:18:21.360勤洗手是预防感冒和流感00:18:21.360 --> 00:18:23.100最基本的措施之一00:18:23.440 --> 00:18:25.280通过彻底清洁双手00:18:25.280 --> 00:18:28.140可以有效去除潜在的病毒和细菌00:18:28.360 --> 00:18:30.700从而大大降低感染的风险00:18:31.400 --> 00:18:34.900第二使用纸巾遮掩口鼻00:18:35.320 --> 00:18:37.080在打喷嚏或咳嗽时00:18:37.080 --> 00:18:39.860需要使用手巾来遮掩口鼻00:18:40.200 --> 00:18:42.180不仅可以预防肺膜传播00:18:42.360 --> 00:18:45.540也体现了良好的公共卫生习惯00:18:45.680 --> 00:18:49.400有助于维护个人周及周围人的健康00:18:49.400 --> 00:18:50.200安全00:18:51.600 --> 00:18:53.640定型三要定期通风00:18:53.640 --> 00:18:55.180保持空气流通00:18:55.760 --> 00:18:57.240定期开窗通风00:18:57.240 --> 00:19:00.420可以有效的改善室内空气质量00:19:00.520 --> 00:19:02.240减少病毒和细菌00:19:02.240 --> 00:19:04.580在封闭空间中的积累00:19:05.040 --> 00:19:07.700为呼吸道健康提供保障00:19:07.800 --> 00:19:09.040这是预防感冒00:19:09.040 --> 00:19:11.420与流感的重要手段之一00:19:14.680 --> 00:19:16.540季节性流感疫苗的作用00:19:18.680 --> 00:19:20.380减少流感发病率00:19:20.640 --> 00:19:22.400季节性流感疫苗00:19:22.400 --> 00:19:24.160通过激活人体免疫系统00:19:24.160 --> 00:19:26.040对特定流感病毒株00:19:26.040 --> 00:19:27.540产生一个免疫反应00:19:27.600 --> 00:19:29.680可以显著降低感染风险00:19:29.680 --> 00:19:32.220从而有效减少流感发病率00:19:33.680 --> 00:19:36.280那此外接种流感病毒以后呢00:19:36.280 --> 00:19:37.960疫苗流感疫苗以后呢00:19:37.960 --> 00:19:40.300他还可以减轻症状的严重性00:19:40.360 --> 00:19:42.040即使感染流感病毒00:19:42.040 --> 00:19:45.140疫苗也能减轻症状的严重程度00:19:45.400 --> 00:19:48.420可以减少发热咳嗽和疲劳等症状00:19:48.480 --> 00:19:50.540从而提高患者的生活质量00:19:52.040 --> 00:19:53.880那季节性流感疫苗的接种呢00:19:53.880 --> 00:19:56.260还可以保护高风险人群00:19:56.640 --> 00:19:57.240流感疫苗00:19:57.240 --> 00:19:58.980尤其对老年人00:19:59.000 --> 00:20:01.400儿童和免疫系统较弱的人群00:20:01.400 --> 00:20:02.420至关重要00:20:02.520 --> 00:20:05.900它能够有效预防这些高风险群体00:20:05.920 --> 00:20:08.900因流感导致的严重并发症或者死亡00:20:09.360 --> 00:20:12.100所以我们有必要去接种勇敢疫苗00:20:14.760 --> 00:20:16.160那最后一部分内容00:20:16.160 --> 00:20:18.460就是社会影响与健康教育00:20:19.040 --> 00:20:21.260公众对流感的认知误区00:20:21.280 --> 00:20:24.060需要去及其去这个纠正00:20:24.640 --> 00:20:27.500首先第一个就是流感与感冒的混淆00:20:27.720 --> 00:20:30.160许多人将流感视为普通感冒00:20:30.160 --> 00:20:32.860但实际上他们是两种不同的疾病00:20:33.200 --> 00:20:35.140流感通常症状更严重00:20:35.160 --> 00:20:36.540传播速度更快00:20:36.640 --> 00:20:38.560而感冒则较为温和00:20:38.560 --> 00:20:40.220且传播方式不同00:20:40.880 --> 00:20:43.740那第二个就是流感疫苗的误解00:20:44.160 --> 00:20:44.840很多人认为00:20:44.840 --> 00:20:45.840接种流感疫苗00:20:45.840 --> 00:20:48.580可以预防所有类型的感冒和流感00:20:48.680 --> 00:20:49.740但实际上00:20:49.960 --> 00:20:50.720流感疫苗00:20:50.720 --> 00:20:53.300只针对特定类型的流感病毒00:20:53.520 --> 00:20:56.120因此需要了解疫苗的作用范00:20:56.120 --> 00:20:57.140围很重要00:20:58.840 --> 00:21:01.420那第三就是流感的传播途径00:21:01.840 --> 00:21:03.040流感的传播途径00:21:03.040 --> 00:21:04.640许多人也误以为00:21:04.640 --> 00:21:06.980流感只能通过分膜传播00:21:07.040 --> 00:21:08.880实际上流感也可以通过00:21:08.880 --> 00:21:11.640接触被病毒污染的表00:21:11.640 --> 00:21:13.820表物表面传播00:21:14.040 --> 00:21:14.320所以00:21:14.320 --> 00:21:18.280我们需要正确认识流感的传播途径00:21:18.280 --> 00:21:22.300来有助于采取更有效的预防措施00:21:24.640 --> 00:21:27.160那我们还需要提高公众健康意识00:21:27.160 --> 00:21:28.060的措施00:21:29.360 --> 00:21:31.200那要做到这以下这三点00:21:31.200 --> 00:21:32.980第一个就是要普及感冒00:21:33.400 --> 00:21:34.580流感的知识00:21:35.240 --> 00:21:36.880通过举办健康讲座00:21:36.880 --> 00:21:38.820发放宣传资料等方式00:21:38.840 --> 00:21:41.980向公众普及感冒和流感的基本知识00:21:42.200 --> 00:21:43.980包括两者的传播途径00:21:44.080 --> 00:21:46.340症状表现以及预防措施00:21:46.480 --> 00:21:48.980来增强人们的疾病识别能力00:21:49.680 --> 00:21:52.180第二个就是要加强疫苗接种宣传00:21:52.240 --> 00:21:54.460利用媒体平台和社区活动00:21:54.480 --> 00:21:57.140大力宣传流感疫苗的重要性00:21:57.200 --> 00:21:58.760解释接种疫苗的益处00:21:58.760 --> 00:22:01.540以及如何正确使用和使用疫苗00:22:02.040 --> 00:22:02.920鼓励更多的人00:22:02.920 --> 00:22:05.060主动参与疫苗接种计划00:22:05.560 --> 00:22:08.220第三个就是要推广健康生活方式00:22:08.440 --> 00:22:11.220倡导均衡饮食适量运动00:22:11.920 --> 00:22:14.580充足的睡眠等健康生活习惯00:22:15.400 --> 00:22:18.580减少吸烟和过量的饮酒行为00:22:19.120 --> 00:22:21.820通过教育引导公众健康00:22:22.080 --> 00:22:25.420建立科学的生活模式00:22:25.920 --> 00:22:30.060从而从根本上提高自身的免疫力00:22:32.200 --> 00:22:35.140好那今天的内容就到此00:22:35.240 --> 00:22:36.220谢谢大家