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--> 00:10.206\n今天我们讲一讲肺不张的病因探究。\n\n00:12.774 --> 00:15.173\n阻塞性因素引起的肺不胀啊，\n\n00:15.173 --> 00:21.124\n这是第一个讲一讲就异物引起支气管堵塞的情况。\n\n00:21.224 --> 00:26.923\n异物进入支气管是引发阻塞性肺不张最常见的原因之一。\n\n00:26.923 --> 00:27.698\n日常生活中，\n\n00:27.698 --> 00:29.224\n比如说儿童在玩耍时。\n\n00:29.905 --> 00:34.055\n可能会将小的玩具、珠子、笔帽等放入口中，\n\n00:34.555 --> 00:36.555\n不慎吸入气管或者支气管，\n\n00:36.654 --> 00:38.055\n从而阻塞气道。\n\n00:38.354 --> 00:39.154\n据统计，\n\n00:39.255 --> 00:41.955\n儿童异物吸入导致肺不张的情况，\n\n00:41.955 --> 00:46.005\n占儿童意外伤害的肺不张问题的一定比例。\n\n00:46.925 --> 00:47.826\n曾经就有案例，\n\n00:47.976 --> 00:51.925\n一个幼儿在玩耍时将一颗小珠子吸入支气管，\n\n00:52.476 --> 00:54.125\n珠子卡在支气管内，\n\n00:54.226 --> 00:59.226\n使得该气管所供应的肺组织无法获得气体，\n\n00:59.226 --> 01:01.526\n很快就出现了一个局部的肺不张，\n\n01:01.675 --> 01:03.351\n孩子出现了呼吸困难，\n\n01:03.351 --> 01:04.426\n咳嗽等症状。\n\n01:05.163 --> 01:08.063\n紧急送医后才取出异物以缓解症状。\n\n01:10.166 --> 01:11.316\n说痰液的这个。\n\n01:12.802 --> 01:15.327\n粘稠阻塞气道，\n\n01:15.327 --> 01:16.777\n痰液粘稠不易排出，\n\n01:16.777 --> 01:18.552\n也常常会引起肺不张。\n\n01:18.851 --> 01:21.851\n例如在一些患有慢性呼吸道疾病的患者中，\n\n01:22.052 --> 01:22.952\n像支气，\n\n01:22.952 --> 01:24.152\n慢性支气管炎，\n\n01:24.302 --> 01:25.501\n支气管扩张等，\n\n01:25.702 --> 01:27.601\n由于气道长期存在炎症，\n\n01:27.652 --> 01:29.152\n会产生大量的痰液。\n\n01:29.916 --> 01:33.366\n如果患者饮水过少、身体虚弱、咳痰无力，\n\n01:33.567 --> 01:35.717\n或者没有得到有效的祛痰治疗，\n\n01:35.967 --> 01:38.666\n痰痰液就会变得粘稠，\n\n01:38.866 --> 01:41.266\n容易在支气管内聚集、堵塞，\n\n01:41.567 --> 01:44.916\n进而导致相应部位的肺组织气体无法进入，\n\n01:44.916 --> 01:45.916\n引发肺不张。\n\n01:46.416 --> 01:47.092\n据调查，\n\n01:47.092 --> 01:53.467\n约有30%.40%的慢性呼吸道疾病患者在疾病加重期间，\n\n01:53.467 --> 01:57.067\n曾经出现过因痰液堵塞导致的肺不张情况。\n\n01:59.742 --> 02:00.117\n第三个呢，\n\n02:00.117 --> 02:02.642\n是肿瘤生长堵塞了支气管。\n\n02:03.343 --> 02:05.767\n支气管内或者附近的肿瘤生长，\n\n02:05.767 --> 02:10.143\n是引发支气管性阻塞性肺不张的这个主要原因，\n\n02:10.542 --> 02:12.942\n无论是良性肿瘤还是恶性肿瘤。\n\n02:13.524 --> 02:15.675\n当肿瘤在支气管内逐渐长大，\n\n02:15.774 --> 02:18.175\n就会占据支气管的管腔空间，\n\n02:18.574 --> 02:20.625\n阻塞气体的正常流通，\n\n02:20.875 --> 02:22.175\n比如肺癌患者，\n\n02:22.324 --> 02:23.574\n随着肿瘤的发展，\n\n02:23.774 --> 02:27.024\n肿瘤组织可能会侵犯并堵塞支气管。\n\n02:27.669 --> 02:30.619\n使得肿瘤远端的肺组织得不到气体充盈，\n\n02:30.619 --> 02:32.020\n从而发生肺不张。\n\n02:32.419 --> 02:34.070\n据临床数据显示，\n\n02:34.419 --> 02:36.494\n在肺癌患者中，\n\n02:36.494 --> 02:40.895\n约有20%.30%会在疾病进展过程中，\n\n02:40.895 --> 02:44.619\n出现因肿瘤堵塞导致的肺不张症状。\n\n02:45.944 --> 02:49.744\n且往往伴有咳嗽、咯血、呼吸困难等表现。\n\n02:51.501 --> 02:52.151\n第二个部分呢，\n\n02:52.151 --> 02:54.550\n是压迫性因素导致的肺不张。\n\n02:56.636 --> 02:58.186\n胸腔积液压迫肺组织。\n\n02:59.419 --> 03:02.869\n胸腔积液是导致压迫性肺不张的常见原因之一。\n\n03:03.544 --> 03:05.694\n当胸胸腔内聚集了大量的液体，\n\n03:06.044 --> 03:10.544\n比如这个胸膜炎、心力衰竭的原因引发的胸腔积液时。\n\n03:11.365 --> 03:14.565\n这些积液会对肺组织产生压迫作用，\n\n03:14.766 --> 03:16.916\n使得肺组织无法正常扩张，\n\n03:17.065 --> 03:18.516\n进而导致肺不张。\n\n03:19.434 --> 03:19.785\n例如，\n\n03:19.884 --> 03:21.835\n一位患有心力衰竭的患者，\n\n03:22.035 --> 03:23.684\n由于心脏功能不全，\n\n03:23.785 --> 03:26.485\n导致体循环和肺循环淤血，\n\n03:26.684 --> 03:28.335\n出现了大量的胸腔积液，\n\n03:28.785 --> 03:30.285\n这些积液逐渐增多，\n\n03:30.335 --> 03:32.134\n压迫了双侧的肺组织。\n\n03:32.856 --> 03:35.305\n使得部分肺叶出现了肺不张。\n\n03:36.123 --> 03:39.423\n患者出现了呼吸困难、胸胸闷等症状，\n\n03:40.324 --> 03:43.973\n经过穿刺引流、这个胸腔积液等治疗，\n\n03:43.973 --> 03:45.923\n肺不张的情况才有所缓解。\n\n03:46.473 --> 03:47.223\n据统计，\n\n03:47.223 --> 03:48.774\n在胸腔积液患者中，\n\n03:48.774 --> 03:53.074\n约有40%.50%会出现不同程度的肺不张。\n\n03:55.914 --> 03:57.464\n气胸对肺组织的挤压，\n\n03:57.964 --> 04:00.889\n气胸同样会对肺组织造成压迫，\n\n04:00.889 --> 04:02.313\n从而引发肺不张。\n\n04:03.098 --> 04:04.298\n当气体进入胸腔，\n\n04:04.498 --> 04:07.048\n打破了胸腔内原有的压力平衡，\n\n04:07.399 --> 04:09.149\n使得胸腔压力升高，\n\n04:09.399 --> 04:11.098\n肺组织就会受到压迫。\n\n04:11.498 --> 04:13.699\n比如在自发性气胸的患者中，\n\n04:13.949 --> 04:16.799\n可能由于肺部的薄弱部位出现破裂，\n\n04:16.949 --> 04:19.299\n气体进入了这个胸腔，\n\n04:19.398 --> 04:21.949\n导致肺部肺组织被压迫。\n\n04:23.188 --> 04:24.688\n如果气体量较大，\n\n04:24.739 --> 04:27.188\n肺组织被压出的程度会很严重，\n\n04:27.489 --> 04:29.539\n可能会出现大面积的肺不张，\n\n04:29.639 --> 04:33.239\n患者会感到明显的呼吸困难、胸痛等症状。\n\n04:33.489 --> 04:34.588\n据临床观察，\n\n04:34.588 --> 04:36.014\n在气胸患者中，\n\n04:36.014 --> 04:38.188\n气胸量超过30%时，\n\n04:38.239 --> 04:42.588\n约有60%.70%的患者会出现肺不张等情况。\n\n04:46.917 --> 04:48.667\n胸部肿瘤外外部的压迫。\n\n04:49.778 --> 04:50.502\n胸部的肿瘤，\n\n04:50.502 --> 04:53.377\n无论是肺部本身的还肿瘤，\n\n04:53.377 --> 04:56.477\n还是纵膈、胸壁等部位的肿瘤，\n\n04:56.578 --> 04:57.778\n当体积较大时，\n\n04:57.977 --> 05:00.877\n都可能从外部对肺组织进行压迫，\n\n05:00.977 --> 05:01.977\n导致肺不张。\n\n05:02.477 --> 05:04.477\n例如纵膈肿瘤的患者，\n\n05:04.678 --> 05:06.477\n随着肿瘤的不断生长，\n\n05:06.678 --> 05:09.428\n它会逐渐的挤压周围的肺组织。\n\n05:10.153 --> 05:14.104\n使得部分的肺叶或者肺段的肺组织无法正常扩张，\n\n05:14.403 --> 05:15.403\n出现肺不张。\n\n05:15.954 --> 05:16.928\n这种情况下，\n\n05:16.928 --> 05:21.303\n患者除了肺不张的这个相关的呼吸困难的症状以外，\n\n05:21.454 --> 05:23.604\n还可能有伴有吞咽困难，\n\n05:23.653 --> 05:25.503\n有肿瘤压迫了这个食管，\n\n05:25.704 --> 05:26.954\n还有声音嘶哑，\n\n05:27.053 --> 05:29.454\n肿压迫了喉板神经等其他表现。\n\n05:31.373 --> 05:32.123\n据研究，\n\n05:32.123 --> 05:34.023\n在胸部肿瘤的患者当中，\n\n05:34.023 --> 05:38.273\n约有10%.20%会因为肿瘤的这个外部压迫，\n\n05:38.424 --> 05:40.273\n进而出现肺不张等症状。\n\n05:42.148 --> 05:44.598\n肺炎导致的这个实质性的肺损伤。\n\n05:46.046 --> 05:48.446\n肺炎是一种常见的肺部疾病，\n\n05:48.747 --> 05:52.897\n严重的肺炎可能会导致肺组织自身病变，\n\n05:53.046 --> 05:54.446\n进而引发肺不张。\n\n05:54.747 --> 05:56.397\n在肺炎的过程当中，\n\n05:56.397 --> 05:58.546\n炎症会侵袭肺的实质，\n\n05:58.997 --> 06:01.897\n使得肺泡内充满炎性渗出物，\n\n06:02.147 --> 06:05.247\n同时也会影响支气管的通胀性，\n\n06:06.596 --> 06:08.546\n比如在大叶性肺炎后。\n\n06:09.407 --> 06:11.708\n如果炎症没有得到及时有效的控制，\n\n06:11.858 --> 06:14.558\n大量的炎症渗出物会堵塞支气管，\n\n06:14.958 --> 06:18.433\n并且肺泡也会因为炎症的损伤而失去弹性，\n\n06:18.433 --> 06:19.358\n出现塌陷，\n\n06:19.808 --> 06:21.058\n进而导致肺不张。\n\n06:21.558 --> 06:22.257\n据统计，\n\n06:22.257 --> 06:23.858\n在大叶性肺炎患者中，\n\n06:23.907 --> 06:28.308\n约有10%.15%会在疾病后期出现肺不张等情况。\n\n06:29.251 --> 06:35.800\n患者通常会伴有发热、咳嗽、咳痰等症状持续不能缓解甚至加重的表现。\n\n06:39.411 --> 06:41.212\n肺组织自身病变与肺不张，\n\n06:41.911 --> 06:44.212\n肺纤维化的改变与肺不张。\n\n06:45.907 --> 06:49.106\n肺纤维化是一种慢性、进行性的肺部疾病。\n\n06:49.963 --> 06:53.864\n其主要特征是肺组织被纤维结缔组织所替代，\n\n06:54.164 --> 06:57.164\n使得肺的弹性和通气功能逐渐下降。\n\n06:58.058 --> 06:59.459\n随着肺纤维化的进展，\n\n06:59.558 --> 07:01.308\n肺组织会变得越来越硬，\n\n07:01.459 --> 07:03.459\n肺泡也会逐渐的塌陷，\n\n07:03.658 --> 07:05.009\n进而引发肺不张。\n\n07:05.903 --> 07:06.229\n例如，\n\n07:06.229 --> 07:09.854\n特发性肺纤维化患者在疾病发展过程中，\n\n07:10.104 --> 07:11.903\n肺组织不断的纤维化，\n\n07:12.354 --> 07:15.053\n原本正常的肺泡结构被破坏，\n\n07:15.454 --> 07:17.454\n当纤维化达到一定程度时，\n\n07:17.454 --> 07:18.704\n就会出现肺不张。\n\n07:20.042 --> 07:20.542\n据研究，\n\n07:20.842 --> 07:24.467\n约有20%.30%的特发性肺纤维化患者，\n\n07:24.467 --> 07:26.893\n在病程中会出现肺不张等症状。\n\n07:27.713 --> 07:30.037\n且往往伴有进行性的加重。\n\n07:30.037 --> 07:31.363\n呼吸困难、干咳。\n\n07:34.346 --> 07:36.147\n肺栓塞后的肺组织变化。\n\n07:37.170 --> 07:38.994\n肺栓塞是指各种栓子，\n\n07:38.994 --> 07:41.869\n比如说血栓、脂肪栓、空气栓等。\n\n07:42.618 --> 07:44.419\n堵塞肺动脉及其分支，\n\n07:44.618 --> 07:46.819\n导致肺循环障碍的疾病。\n\n07:47.622 --> 07:48.872\n当发生肺栓塞后，\n\n07:49.173 --> 07:54.273\n被堵塞的这个栓塞的部位肺组织的血供会出现中断，\n\n07:54.472 --> 07:56.173\n进而出现缺血缺氧。\n\n07:56.907 --> 07:58.657\n进而导致肺组织的损伤。\n\n07:59.700 --> 08:01.549\n在一些严重的肺栓塞患者中，\n\n08:01.850 --> 08:05.500\n受影响的肺组织可能会出现坏死、塌陷等情况，\n\n08:05.600 --> 08:06.899\n最终引发肺不张。\n\n08:07.893 --> 08:08.118\n例如，\n\n08:08.118 --> 08:09.743\n一位长期卧床的患者，\n\n08:09.942 --> 08:12.143\n由于下肢静脉血栓形成，\n\n08:12.243 --> 08:15.067\n血栓脱落进入血液进入肺动脉，\n\n08:15.067 --> 08:16.143\n引发了肺栓塞，\n\n08:16.643 --> 08:22.692\n在后续治疗过程中发现部分血栓栓塞的部位的肺组织出现了肺不张，\n\n08:22.993 --> 08:26.442\n患者出现了呼吸困难、胸痛、咳血等症状。\n\n08:26.893 --> 08:29.393\n经过积极的溶栓、抗凝等治疗。\n\n08:30.048 --> 08:31.847\n肺不上的情况才有所改善。\n\n08:32.614 --> 08:33.065\n据统计，\n\n08:33.215 --> 08:35.114\n在肺栓塞患者中，\n\n08:35.164 --> 08:38.315\n约有5%.10%会出现肺不胀。\n\n08:40.260 --> 08:43.934\n医源性因素导致的肺不张手术操作相关因素，\n\n08:44.284 --> 08:46.434\n在进行一些胸部手术时，\n\n08:46.734 --> 08:50.559\n手术操作可能会引起医源性的肺不障碍。\n\n08:50.559 --> 08:52.585\n比如说在肺部手术当中，\n\n08:52.885 --> 08:57.734\n手术过程当中的牵拉、挤压等操作可能会损伤支气管，\n\n08:57.784 --> 08:59.184\n影响其通畅性，\n\n08:59.434 --> 09:02.984\n导致术后气体无法正常进入相应肺组织，\n\n09:03.034 --> 09:04.385\n从而引发肺不张。\n\n09:05.174 --> 09:07.223\n例如在肺癌根治术过程中，\n\n09:07.424 --> 09:09.773\n医生为了更好的暴露手术视野，\n\n09:09.823 --> 09:12.874\n可能会对周围的一些组织进行一定的牵拉。\n\n09:13.606 --> 09:14.431\n若操作不当，\n\n09:14.431 --> 09:17.606\n就可能导致支气管扭曲变形，\n\n09:17.955 --> 09:20.205\n术后就可能出现局部肺不张。\n\n09:20.755 --> 09:21.505\n据统计，\n\n09:21.556 --> 09:23.130\n在肺部手术患者中，\n\n09:23.130 --> 09:28.005\n约有10%.15%会在术后出现医源性的肺不常情况，\n\n09:28.205 --> 09:32.156\n患者通常会伴有术后的呼吸困难、咳嗽等症状。\n\n09:33.814 --> 09:34.189\n第二个呢，\n\n09:34.189 --> 09:36.513\n是气管插管的并发症。\n\n09:37.306 --> 09:40.306\n气管插管是临床常用的急救和治疗手段，\n\n09:40.556 --> 09:42.856\n但也可能带来一些并发症，\n\n09:42.856 --> 09:43.806\n导致肺不张。\n\n09:44.106 --> 09:45.356\n在插管过程中，\n\n09:45.505 --> 09:48.356\n如果插管操作不熟练或用力不当，\n\n09:48.606 --> 09:51.306\n可能会损伤气管支气管粘膜，\n\n09:51.556 --> 09:53.556\n引起局部的炎症、水肿，\n\n09:53.806 --> 09:55.056\n进而堵塞气道，\n\n09:55.205 --> 09:56.356\n导致肺不张。\n\n09:56.955 --> 09:57.431\n比如，\n\n09:57.431 --> 09:59.306\n在一些紧急抢救的情况下，\n\n09:59.505 --> 10:02.255\n医务人员可能会因为时间紧迫的原因，\n\n10:02.306 --> 10:05.955\n插管时稍有不慎就可能损伤患者的气管黏膜。\n\n10:06.255 --> 10:07.205\n插管后。\n\n10:07.682 --> 10:12.682\n长时间留置的气管插管也可能导致气管支气管粘膜受压缺血，\n\n10:13.031 --> 10:16.882\n进而发生粘膜的糜烂、肉芽组织增生等，\n\n10:17.231 --> 10:19.331\n这些都会影响气道通畅性，\n\n10:19.331 --> 10:20.382\n引发肺不张。\n\n10:22.317 --> 10:22.817\n据调查，\n\n10:22.867 --> 10:28.666\n约有5%.10%的气管患者会因为出现插管并发症，\n\n10:28.666 --> 10:30.567\n进而导致肺不张的情况。\n\n10:32.286 --> 10:33.937\n第三个是药物的不良反应，\n\n10:34.637 --> 10:37.036\n某些药物的不良反应也可能导致肺不张。\n\n10:37.744 --> 10:37.994\n例如，\n\n10:37.994 --> 10:40.544\n一些药物可能会引起支气管的痉挛，\n\n10:40.794 --> 10:42.645\n使得支气管管径变小。\n\n10:43.195 --> 10:45.844\n出现支气管痉挛的病人这个不良反应。\n\n10:47.056 --> 10:49.505\n还有些药物可能会导致肺组织的水肿，\n\n10:49.656 --> 10:53.906\n因为某些抗生素在使用的过程当中可能会引起肺部的过敏反应，\n\n10:54.106 --> 10:55.455\n出现肺组织水肿，\n\n10:55.455 --> 10:56.406\n压迫肺泡，\n\n10:56.455 --> 10:57.755\n导致肺泡塌陷，\n\n10:57.856 --> 10:59.205\n从而引发肺不张。\n\n10:59.969 --> 11:00.744\n据临床观察，\n\n11:00.744 --> 11:04.219\n约有3%.5%的患者使用特定药物，\n\n11:04.469 --> 11:07.820\n会出现药物不良反应所引起的肺不张。\n\n11:10.994 --> 11:11.193\n嗯。\n\n11:17.442 --> 11:19.992\n这个异物堵塞的情况，\n\n11:20.242 --> 11:25.192\n支气异物进入支气管是引发这个肺部张的主要常见原因之一。\n\n11:25.393 --> 11:26.418\n在日常生活中，\n\n11:26.418 --> 11:32.242\n比如说儿童在玩耍时可能会出现小玩具、珠子、笔帽等放入口中，\n\n11:32.492 --> 11:34.742\n不慎吸入气管支气管，\n\n11:34.843 --> 11:36.992\n从而导致肺气道的阻塞。\n\n11:37.677 --> 11:38.127\n据统计，\n\n11:38.127 --> 11:40.726\n儿童因异物吸入导致肺不张的情况，\n\n11:40.726 --> 11:45.427\n约占儿童意外伤害相关的肺部问题的一定的比例。\n\n11:45.776 --> 11:46.877\n曾经就有案例，\n\n11:47.026 --> 11:51.577\n一个幼儿在玩耍时将一颗珠子吸入了支支气管，\n\n11:51.877 --> 11:53.327\n珠子卡在气管内，\n\n11:53.327 --> 11:57.377\n使得该气管所供应区域的肺组织无法获得气体，\n\n11:57.677 --> 11:59.827\n很快就出现了局部的肺不张，\n\n12:00.276 --> 12:02.877\n孩子出现呼吸困难、咳嗽等症状，\n\n12:03.026 --> 12:05.226\n紧急送医后取出异物，\n\n12:05.226 --> 12:06.976\n才能缓解相关的症状。\n\n12:10.026 --> 12:11.927\n痰液粘稠引起的气道堵塞，\n\n12:12.327 --> 12:15.077\n痰液粘稠这个不易排出，\n\n12:15.077 --> 12:16.726\n也通常会引起睡不着。\n\n12:17.481 --> 12:18.431\n例如在一些患者，\n\n12:18.431 --> 12:21.630\n患有这个慢性呼吸道疾病的患者当中，\n\n12:21.781 --> 12:23.231\n像慢性支气管炎，\n\n12:23.481 --> 12:24.931\n这支气管扩张等，\n\n12:24.981 --> 12:27.181\n由于气道长期的存在炎症，\n\n12:27.330 --> 12:28.931\n会产生大量的粘痰。\n\n12:29.593 --> 12:31.093\n如果患者饮水过少，\n\n12:31.192 --> 12:32.317\n身体虚弱，\n\n12:32.317 --> 12:33.242\n咳痰无力，\n\n12:33.692 --> 12:35.843\n使痰液没有得到有效的排出，\n\n12:35.893 --> 12:37.343\n痰液就会变得粘稠，\n\n12:37.593 --> 12:39.893\n容易在支气管内聚集堵塞，\n\n12:40.093 --> 12:44.793\n进而导致这个引起相应部位肺组织气体无法进入，\n\n12:44.942 --> 12:45.992\n引发肺不张。\n\n12:46.593 --> 12:47.242\n据调查，\n\n12:47.242 --> 12:51.593\n约有30%.40%的慢性呼吸道疾病患者，\n\n12:51.742 --> 12:56.492\n在疾病加重和急性发作期可能会出现为痰液。\n\n12:57.168 --> 12:59.168\n阻塞导致的肺不张的情况。\n\n13:00.065 --> 13:00.866\n以上两点，\n\n13:00.866 --> 13:07.666\n分别是儿童肺不张及慢性慢性病患者肺不张的这个主要的病因。\n\n13:09.205 --> 13:12.255\n那么另外常见的就是肿瘤生长色。\n\n13:12.255 --> 13:12.854\n支气管，\n\n13:13.155 --> 13:19.104\n支气管内或者附近的肿瘤生长是引发阻塞性肺不张的主要重要原因。\n\n13:19.304 --> 13:21.554\n无论是良性肿瘤还是恶性肿瘤，\n\n13:21.705 --> 13:23.955\n当肿瘤在支气管内逐渐长大，\n\n13:24.005 --> 13:26.354\n就会占据支气管的管腔空间，\n\n13:26.655 --> 13:28.405\n阻塞气道的正常流通。\n\n13:29.244 --> 13:29.594\n比如，\n\n13:29.945 --> 13:32.445\n肺肺癌患者随着肿瘤发展，\n\n13:32.445 --> 13:36.044\n肿瘤组织会侵犯并堵塞支气管，\n\n13:36.244 --> 13:39.645\n是食远端肺组织得不到气体的充盈，\n\n13:39.895 --> 13:40.945\n从而发生肺。\n\n13:41.895 --> 13:43.195\n临床数据显示，\n\n13:43.395 --> 13:44.757\n在肺癌患者中，\n\n13:44.757 --> 13:50.645\n有20%.30%会在疾病进展的过程中出现一肿瘤堵塞，\n\n13:50.645 --> 13:51.695\n导致肺部张。\n\n13:52.525 --> 13:56.375\n且往往伴有咳嗽、咯血、呼吸困难等症状。\n\n13:56.474 --> 13:57.724\n在肿瘤患者当中，\n\n13:57.724 --> 14:01.575\n肺不着是比较常见的一个症状。\n\n14:02.706 --> 14:06.156\n另外就是在一些心血管疾病当中会导致。\n\n14:07.179 --> 14:08.780\n胸腔积液压迫肺组织，\n\n14:08.979 --> 14:13.479\n胸腔积液是压迫导致压迫性肺不着的常见原因之一。\n\n14:13.729 --> 14:15.979\n当胸腔内聚集了大量的液体，\n\n14:16.280 --> 14:22.080\n比如因胸膜炎、心力衰竭等病因引起胸腔积液时，\n\n14:22.380 --> 14:24.679\n这些积液会对肺组织产生压迫，\n\n14:24.780 --> 14:26.979\n使得肺组织无法正常扩张，\n\n14:27.229 --> 14:28.580\n进而导致肺不张。\n\n14:29.588 --> 14:29.939\n例如，\n\n14:30.039 --> 14:31.364\n一位患者啊，\n\n14:31.364 --> 14:33.189\n患有心力衰竭的患者，\n\n14:33.189 --> 14:34.638\n由于心脏功能不全，\n\n14:34.888 --> 14:37.489\n导致体循环肺循环淤血，\n\n14:37.588 --> 14:39.338\n出现了大量的胸腔积液。\n\n14:39.539 --> 14:42.388\n这些积液越增就越来越多，\n\n14:42.489 --> 14:44.239\n压迫了双侧的肺组织，\n\n14:44.338 --> 14:46.838\n使得肺叶出现肺不张。\n\n14:47.539 --> 14:50.489\n患者出现了呼吸困难、胸闷等症状。\n\n14:50.689 --> 14:52.939\n经过穿刺引流，\n\n14:52.939 --> 14:54.588\n使胸腔积液之后啊，\n\n14:54.588 --> 14:56.338\n肺部胀的情况才有所缓解。\n\n14:56.823 --> 14:57.348\n据统计，\n\n14:57.348 --> 15:00.223\n在胸腔积液的患者，\n\n15:00.223 --> 15:03.223\n40%.50%会出现不同程度的肺不张。\n\n15:06.278 --> 15:11.629\n另外就是青少年高收青少年常见的这个自发性气胸，\n\n15:12.528 --> 15:14.879\n气胸对肺组织的挤压影响，\n\n15:15.129 --> 15:17.453\n气胸同样会对肺组织造成压迫，\n\n15:17.453 --> 15:18.679\n从而引发肺不张。\n\n15:19.028 --> 15:20.479\n当气体进入胸腔，\n\n15:20.479 --> 15:22.403\n打破胸腔原有的压力，\n\n15:22.403 --> 15:25.104\n开门使得胸腔内的压力升高，\n\n15:25.104 --> 15:27.229\n肺组织就会受到挤压啊，\n\n15:27.229 --> 15:30.179\n比如自发性气的患者可能由于肺部薄弱。\n\n15:31.081 --> 15:33.081\n这个出现破裂气体进入胸腔，\n\n15:33.081 --> 15:34.581\n导致肺组织被压缩。\n\n15:34.981 --> 15:36.432\n如果气通量较大，\n\n15:36.432 --> 15:38.531\n肺组织被压缩可能会很严重。\n\n15:39.156 --> 15:40.856\n可能会出现大面积的肺不张，\n\n15:40.856 --> 15:44.206\n患者会感到明显的呼吸困难、胸痛等症状。\n\n15:44.356 --> 15:45.331\n据临床观察，\n\n15:45.331 --> 15:46.520\n在气胸患者中，\n\n15:46.520 --> 15:48.456\n气胸量超过30%时，\n\n15:48.557 --> 15:52.156\n约有60%.70%的患者会出现肺不张的情况。\n\n","v0247cg10004d60rb1aljht0dt0b0en0",965,803,"2026-01-24 21:29:03","肺不张的病因探究：常见原因、症状与诊断方法  ","肺不张病因,肺不张症状,肺不张诊断,肺部疾病,呼吸系统疾病  ","本文深入探讨肺不张的病因，包括支气管阻塞、肺部压迫等常见原因，分析其症状表现及临床诊断方法，帮助了解这一呼吸系统疾病的发病机制与防治要点。","2026-03-04 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