WEBVTT00:00:03.160 --> 00:00:05.740今天我们一起来学习一下流感00:00:06.040 --> 00:00:08.460首先我们来讲一下流00:00:08.560 --> 00:00:10.640我们主要从以下几个方面00:00:10.640 --> 00:00:11.960首先流感的基础00:00:11.960 --> 00:00:14.620就是流感的预防措施00:00:14.920 --> 00:00:16.500流感治疗和护理00:00:16.560 --> 00:00:18.100流感与公共卫生00:00:18.120 --> 00:00:20.500还有流感的高风险的群体00:00:20.680 --> 00:00:22.200流感的科普与宣讲00:00:22.200 --> 00:00:24.940首先我们来讲流感的基础知识00:00:25.040 --> 00:00:26.220流感的定义00:00:26.400 --> 00:00:29.980流感病毒分为甲乙丙三种类型00:00:30.240 --> 00:00:31.600其中甲型流感病毒00:00:31.600 --> 00:00:34.020根据表面糖蛋白的不同00:00:34.120 --> 00:00:36.180又可分为多种亚型00:00:36.600 --> 00:00:39.420比如说H3N 2等00:00:39.560 --> 00:00:40.660这些亚型00:00:40.840 --> 00:00:42.840流感病毒变异速度快00:00:42.840 --> 00:00:44.980容易引起流感的大流行00:00:45.520 --> 00:00:46.980流感与普通感冒00:00:47.120 --> 00:00:49.580在症状上是有所区别00:00:49.840 --> 00:00:52.080流感通常症状更为严重00:00:52.080 --> 00:00:55.660包括高热寒战肌肉酸痛乏力00:00:56.520 --> 00:00:58.600而普通感冒症状较轻00:00:58.600 --> 00:01:01.220主要表现为鼻塞咳嗽喉咙痛00:01:01.640 --> 00:01:03.980流感具有一定的季节性00:01:04.080 --> 00:01:05.960尤其在冬春季节00:01:05.960 --> 00:01:07.460由于气候干燥00:01:07.560 --> 00:01:09.660室内通风不良等原因00:01:09.680 --> 00:01:11.780流感病毒更容易传播00:01:12.200 --> 00:01:14.520流感主要是通过飞沫传播00:01:14.520 --> 00:01:17.180当感染者咳嗽打喷嚏时00:01:17.320 --> 00:01:21.760会将病毒随着肺随着飞沫排出00:01:21.760 --> 00:01:23.600其他人吸附这些飞沫后00:01:23.600 --> 00:01:26.460就可能感感染流感病毒00:01:27.320 --> 00:01:29.480然后流感的症状与表现00:01:29.480 --> 00:01:30.520常见的症状嘛00:01:30.520 --> 00:01:32.140就是发烧00:01:32.720 --> 00:01:33.920咳嗽喉咙痛00:01:33.920 --> 00:01:35.400肌肉痛头痛00:01:35.400 --> 00:01:36.740寒战乏力00:01:36.920 --> 00:01:39.500有时还会有恶心呕吐腹泻00:01:39.680 --> 00:01:41.180并发症的风险00:01:41.600 --> 00:01:43.520流感可以引起多种并发症00:01:43.520 --> 00:01:46.400比如说肺炎脑炎心肌炎00:01:46.400 --> 00:01:47.640特别对于老年人00:01:47.640 --> 00:01:48.440孕妇00:01:48.600 --> 00:01:52.020慢性疾病等高风险的群体00:01:52.200 --> 00:01:53.860并发症的风险更高00:01:54.800 --> 00:01:56.420症状持续的时间00:01:56.640 --> 00:01:59.360流感症状通常持续在一周左右00:01:59.360 --> 00:02:00.960但如果出现并发症00:02:00.960 --> 00:02:02.780持续时间可能会更长00:02:03.120 --> 00:02:04.960然后自我诊断的方法00:02:04.960 --> 00:02:07.820可以根据上述症状进行初步的判断00:02:09.200 --> 00:02:10.200如果症状比较00:02:10.200 --> 00:02:13.760严重或持续不退应及时就医00:02:13.760 --> 00:02:14.860避免误诊00:02:15.160 --> 00:02:16.640流感的历史影响00:02:16.640 --> 00:02:19.060历史上重大的流感疫情00:02:19.240 --> 00:02:20.720历史上存发现00:02:20.720 --> 00:02:23.640多数发生重大流感疫情00:02:23.640 --> 00:02:26.300比如1918年的西班牙流感00:02:26.520 --> 00:02:30.220成为造成了全球的千万人死亡00:02:30.760 --> 00:02:32.420流感对全球的影响00:02:32.720 --> 00:02:33.480流感病情00:02:33.480 --> 00:02:36.020对全球健康造成了严重的影响00:02:36.200 --> 00:02:39.220每次大流行都会导致大量的细胞00:02:39.280 --> 00:02:41.180大量的病例和死亡00:02:41.320 --> 00:02:44.680对于社会经济的影响00:02:44.680 --> 00:02:48.060流感疫情不仅影响公共卫生00:02:48.120 --> 00:02:50.660还会对社会经济造成损失00:02:50.880 --> 00:02:52.660如医疗费用增加00:02:52.720 --> 00:02:54.700劳动力减少00:02:55.800 --> 00:02:57.460流感预防的重要性00:02:57.680 --> 00:02:59.520是鉴于流感疫情的危害00:02:59.520 --> 00:03:01.960加强流感防控工作00:03:01.960 --> 00:03:05.300及重要极其重要00:03:05.440 --> 00:03:07.340包括流感疫苗00:03:07.560 --> 00:03:08.740健康宣教00:03:09.000 --> 00:03:10.500还有环境消毒00:03:10.640 --> 00:03:12.220流感的预防措施00:03:13.000 --> 00:03:15.420个人防护方便包括洗手00:03:15.560 --> 00:03:16.660手部卫生00:03:17.040 --> 00:03:17.520洗手00:03:17.520 --> 00:03:20.620是预防流感传播的最简单的方法00:03:20.720 --> 00:03:23.520正确的洗手方法包括肥皂和流动水00:03:23.520 --> 00:03:25.140洗手至少20秒00:03:25.920 --> 00:03:28.940口罩的正确使用方法在流感季节00:03:29.360 --> 00:03:30.720爆发季节期间00:03:30.720 --> 00:03:32.120正确的佩戴口罩00:03:32.120 --> 00:03:34.180可以减少病毒的传播00:03:34.800 --> 00:03:37.580口罩应该完全覆盖鼻子和嘴巴00:03:38.840 --> 00:03:41.940并在使用期间避免接触口罩外面00:03:42.160 --> 00:03:43.480每使用一次口罩00:03:43.480 --> 00:03:46.060都应该在摘除后立即丢弃00:03:46.200 --> 00:03:47.520并清洁双手00:03:47.520 --> 00:03:49.120如果使用布的口罩00:03:49.120 --> 00:03:53.140就应该每次使用后清洁并消毒00:03:53.360 --> 00:03:56.380还有避免去人群聚集的场所00:03:57.280 --> 00:04:00.380流感病毒通过飞沫和接触传播00:04:00.920 --> 00:04:02.560因此在流感季节00:04:02.560 --> 00:04:05.200尽量避免去人群密集的场所00:04:05.200 --> 00:04:06.540比如说电影院00:04:07.280 --> 00:04:08.400公共交通工具00:04:08.400 --> 00:04:09.960乘坐公共交通工具00:04:09.960 --> 00:04:12.500商场如果必须前往00:04:12.520 --> 00:04:15.200都应该采取防护措施00:04:15.200 --> 00:04:16.700比如说佩戴口罩00:04:16.760 --> 00:04:18.820还有增强个体免疫力00:04:18.960 --> 00:04:22.620增强免疫力是流感预防的关键00:04:23.160 --> 00:04:26.440保持均衡的饮食充足的睡眠00:04:26.440 --> 00:04:28.280适量的运动和减少压力00:04:28.280 --> 00:04:31.940都有助于提高身体的抵抗力此外00:04:33.720 --> 00:04:35.720避免吸烟和过量饮酒00:04:35.720 --> 00:04:38.420也是提高免疫力的有效方法00:04:39.160 --> 00:04:40.400疫苗的接种00:04:40.400 --> 00:04:42.080疫苗接种最佳的时间00:04:42.080 --> 00:04:44.500是在流感发病到来之前00:04:44.760 --> 00:04:47.380通常是每年的10月到11月00:04:47.520 --> 00:04:50.720这样可以确保流感高峰时期能力00:04:50.720 --> 00:04:53.180已经建议到足够的免疫系统00:04:53.840 --> 00:04:54.640牛秒00:04:55.200 --> 00:04:57.300疫苗接种的注意事项00:04:57.320 --> 00:05:00.500疫苗接种后可出现轻微的副作用00:05:00.600 --> 00:05:04.020比如说注射部位的疼痛红肿或发热00:05:04.120 --> 00:05:06.600这些症状通常在一天内消失00:05:06.600 --> 00:05:07.200接种后00:05:07.200 --> 00:05:09.700应该保持良好的个人卫生习惯00:05:10.280 --> 00:05:12.660并继续采取其他预防措施00:05:13.000 --> 00:05:16.380流感疫苗的接种的益处和风险00:05:16.960 --> 00:05:19.840可以显著降低感染流感的风险00:05:19.840 --> 00:05:22.700减少流感相关并发症和死亡率00:05:23.240 --> 00:05:25.860然而疫苗并非100%有效00:05:27.280 --> 00:05:29.120可能存在轻微的副作用00:05:29.120 --> 00:05:30.220总体来说00:05:30.320 --> 00:05:32.820接种疫苗溢出大于风险00:05:33.040 --> 00:05:34.360然后环境卫生00:05:34.360 --> 00:05:36.200包括居家环境清洁00:05:36.200 --> 00:05:37.780公共场所消毒00:05:38.000 --> 00:05:42.220垃圾分类处理和食品安全卫生00:05:42.920 --> 00:05:44.480保持家庭环境的清洁00:05:44.480 --> 00:05:46.640是预防流感的重要措施00:05:46.640 --> 00:05:48.580应第七清洗00:05:49.080 --> 00:05:50.120清洁和消毒00:05:50.120 --> 00:05:54.440家中表面经常接触的物品00:05:54.440 --> 00:05:56.820比如说门把手开关和手机00:05:56.960 --> 00:05:58.860使用家用消毒剂00:06:01.240 --> 00:06:03.080可以有效杀死病毒00:06:03.080 --> 00:06:06.580公共场所的消毒包括嗯00:06:06.680 --> 00:06:10.080就是对控制流感的传播同样注意哦00:06:10.080 --> 00:06:12.080学校办公室等公共场所00:06:12.080 --> 00:06:14.500应定期进行清洁消毒00:06:15.880 --> 00:06:17.240特别是在流感季节00:06:17.240 --> 00:06:18.440包括对桌面00:06:18.440 --> 00:06:19.040门把手00:06:19.040 --> 00:06:21.760电梯按钮等高频接触的区域00:06:21.760 --> 00:06:22.900进行清洁00:06:23.240 --> 00:06:25.360垃圾分类与处理00:06:25.360 --> 00:06:27.560有助于减少环境污染00:06:27.560 --> 00:06:30.540从而降低流感传播的风险00:06:30.920 --> 00:06:33.440应遵循当地垃圾分类规定00:06:33.440 --> 00:06:36.080正确处理废弃物品00:06:36.080 --> 00:06:37.680特别是医疗废00:06:37.680 --> 00:06:39.660物和有害垃圾00:06:40.400 --> 00:06:42.620食品安全与卫生00:06:43.000 --> 00:06:45.360对于预防流感也至关重要00:06:45.360 --> 00:06:47.960确保食物充分煮熟00:06:47.960 --> 00:06:50.240避免生食和半生食00:06:50.240 --> 00:06:52.260特别是肉类和禽类00:06:52.920 --> 00:06:54.840在处理食物之前和之后00:06:54.840 --> 00:06:56.580应该彻底洗手00:06:57.840 --> 00:07:00.220牛板的治疗和物理00:07:00.640 --> 00:07:01.840流感的治疗原则00:07:01.840 --> 00:07:03.620抗病毒的药物使用00:07:03.640 --> 00:07:05.980抗病毒药物包括奥司他韦00:07:06.080 --> 00:07:09.040在流感症状出现后的48小时内使用00:07:09.040 --> 00:07:10.100效果最佳00:07:10.200 --> 00:07:12.760这些药物可以抑制病毒的复制00:07:12.760 --> 00:07:14.700减少病毒排放00:07:14.800 --> 00:07:17.740从而减轻症状和缩短病程00:07:18.080 --> 00:07:21.360对症治疗包括退热止咳00:07:21.360 --> 00:07:22.880缓解肌肉疼痛00:07:22.880 --> 00:07:25.520缓解患者的具体症状00:07:25.520 --> 00:07:28.920医生可根据使用非处方药或处方药00:07:28.920 --> 00:07:30.660进行症状缓解00:07:30.920 --> 00:07:32.480治疗期间的注意事项00:07:32.480 --> 00:07:34.460保持良好的营养状态00:07:34.640 --> 00:07:35.880避免过度劳累00:07:35.880 --> 00:07:37.040注意个人卫生00:07:37.040 --> 00:07:39.620避免与他人近距离接触00:07:39.640 --> 00:07:41.060减少病毒传播00:07:42.400 --> 00:07:44.320早期治疗是流感的治疗关节00:07:44.320 --> 00:07:45.560一旦出现流感症状00:07:45.560 --> 00:07:48.080应尽快就医开始治疗00:07:48.080 --> 00:07:50.400早期治疗可以有效缩短病程00:07:50.400 --> 00:07:51.240减轻症状00:07:51.240 --> 00:07:52.980降低并发症的风险00:07:53.640 --> 00:07:57.480家庭护理包括营养休休息与营养00:07:57.480 --> 00:07:58.860饮水与补液00:07:58.960 --> 00:08:00.580观察病情变化00:08:00.920 --> 00:08:03.380家家庭隔离措施00:08:03.640 --> 00:08:08.080营养与休息应保持充足的休息00:08:08.080 --> 00:08:09.240避免剧烈活动00:08:09.240 --> 00:08:10.880营养饮食上00:08:10.880 --> 00:08:13.900应选择易消化营养丰富的食物00:08:14.160 --> 00:08:16.580如粥面条和蔬菜水果00:08:17.320 --> 00:08:18.320饮水与补液00:08:18.320 --> 00:08:19.760充足的水分摄入00:08:19.760 --> 00:08:21.640对预防脱水非常重要00:08:21.640 --> 00:08:24.420可以喝些水果汁蔬菜汤00:08:24.760 --> 00:08:25.960有条件的情况下00:08:25.960 --> 00:08:27.360可以通过补液盐00:08:27.360 --> 00:08:29.700进行水分和电解质的补充00:08:30.160 --> 00:08:31.740观察病情变化00:08:31.880 --> 00:08:33.920并且观察患者的体温咳嗽00:08:33.920 --> 00:08:36.540呼吸等病情变化00:08:37.880 --> 00:08:40.800如果出现呼吸困难持续高热等症状00:08:40.800 --> 00:08:42.220就要及时就医00:08:42.320 --> 00:08:44.920家庭隔离措施包括家中隔离00:08:44.920 --> 00:08:46.620避免去人多的场所00:08:46.800 --> 00:08:48.840使用单独的餐具和毛巾00:08:48.840 --> 00:08:51.580经常清洁和消除居家环境00:08:51.760 --> 00:08:53.980减少病毒的传播风险00:08:54.360 --> 00:08:55.540就医自然00:08:55.680 --> 00:08:58.660包括就医时机00:08:59.040 --> 00:09:02.260应该在持续高热呼吸困难胸痛等00:09:02.400 --> 00:09:03.600应该立即就医00:09:03.600 --> 00:09:05.040对于高风险群体00:09:05.040 --> 00:09:09.740比如说老年人孕妇慢性病患者00:09:09.800 --> 00:09:11.200一旦出现流感症状00:09:11.200 --> 00:09:12.660应该及时的就医00:09:12.920 --> 00:09:15.320就医时的防御防护措施00:09:15.320 --> 00:09:16.820就是应该戴口罩00:09:17.800 --> 00:09:19.600避免接触医院的公共物品00:09:19.600 --> 00:09:21.160减少医院停留时间00:09:21.160 --> 00:09:23.580回家及时洗手和清理衣物00:09:24.040 --> 00:09:25.400医生的咨询重点00:09:25.400 --> 00:09:29.080就是向医生说明症状的起始时间00:09:29.080 --> 00:09:29.920严重程度00:09:29.920 --> 00:09:31.580已采取的治疗措施00:09:31.880 --> 00:09:33.040如果有慢性病史00:09:33.040 --> 00:09:34.520或正在服用其他药物00:09:34.520 --> 00:09:36.420也应该告知医生00:09:36.680 --> 00:09:39.020给医生做出全面的评估00:09:39.320 --> 00:09:41.260选择合理的医疗机构00:09:42.520 --> 00:09:43.040应选择00:09:43.040 --> 00:09:45.360具有传染病治疗能力的医疗机构00:09:45.360 --> 00:09:45.880就诊00:09:45.880 --> 00:09:48.240避免去小诊所或小医院00:09:48.240 --> 00:09:51.780以防诊断不明确或治疗不当00:09:52.400 --> 00:09:54.460流感与公共卫生00:09:54.560 --> 00:09:55.560流感的监测00:09:55.560 --> 00:10:00.380包括监测网络与系统监测数据报告00:10:00.520 --> 00:10:03.620监测结果的应用和监测预防机制00:10:04.040 --> 00:10:06.380公共卫生的干预包括00:10:07.800 --> 00:10:10.900健康与宣传公共卫生政策00:10:11.240 --> 00:10:15.060然后社区干预措施和跨部门合作00:10:15.720 --> 00:10:18.300健康教育宣传00:10:18.320 --> 00:10:22.260是提高公众流感防控的有效手段00:10:22.360 --> 00:10:23.560通过举办讲座00:10:23.560 --> 00:10:25.220发放宣传资料00:10:25.280 --> 00:10:27.560利用媒体和网络平台等方式00:10:27.560 --> 00:10:29.280向公众普及流感知识00:10:29.280 --> 00:10:32.100增强自我防护功能00:10:32.720 --> 00:10:33.720公共卫生策略00:10:33.720 --> 00:10:35.160包括疫苗接种00:10:35.160 --> 00:10:35.880学校卫生00:10:35.880 --> 00:10:38.340公共场所消毒等一系列措施00:10:40.160 --> 00:10:43.280社区干预措施包括嗯00:10:43.280 --> 00:10:45.560涉及社区内的健康教育活动00:10:45.560 --> 00:10:47.060预防接种宣传00:10:47.560 --> 00:10:49.540流感患者居家隔离00:10:49.640 --> 00:10:51.740通过社区层面的干预00:10:51.760 --> 00:10:53.760有效的落实防御措施00:10:53.760 --> 00:10:56.100减少流感在社区内的传播00:10:57.600 --> 00:11:00.320跨部门合作是流感防控的关键00:11:00.320 --> 00:11:03.800卫生教育交通等部门的协同工作00:11:03.800 --> 00:11:07.860可以预防流感的防控的重要00:11:08.160 --> 00:11:09.440得到全面的执行00:11:09.440 --> 00:11:11.780提高防控效率00:11:11.920 --> 00:11:14.020牛排防控病案例00:11:14.120 --> 00:11:16.860国内外成功的案例很多00:11:16.960 --> 00:11:18.160可以快速响应00:11:18.160 --> 00:11:19.680应激机制大00:11:19.680 --> 00:11:23.300或疫苗接种有效干预等00:11:23.440 --> 00:11:25.680还有就是防控策略优化00:11:25.680 --> 00:11:26.920是一个持续的过程00:11:26.920 --> 00:11:29.080需要根据疫情的变化00:11:29.080 --> 00:11:31.120和防控实践的经验00:11:31.120 --> 00:11:32.180进行调整00:11:32.640 --> 00:11:34.220长期防控规划00:11:34.280 --> 00:11:37.200是建立一套完善的流感预防机制00:11:37.200 --> 00:11:41.300包括监测预警干预评估环节等环节00:11:41.400 --> 00:11:45.320有助于实现流感的长期目标00:11:45.320 --> 00:11:48.340减少流感对社会的健康影响00:11:49.320 --> 00:11:51.960案例分析实施对于成功案例的分析00:11:51.960 --> 00:11:54.780可以解释流感防控的关键00:11:54.840 --> 00:11:56.360与公众合作策略00:11:56.360 --> 00:11:59.320支持医疗资源的合作分配00:11:59.320 --> 00:12:00.520这些实施00:12:00.520 --> 00:12:03.260有助于优化流感的防控策略00:12:04.840 --> 00:12:07.020流感与高风险的群体00:12:07.080 --> 00:12:07.980老年人00:12:08.080 --> 00:12:09.860老年人流感风险00:12:11.080 --> 00:12:12.360患病流感的风险00:12:12.360 --> 00:12:13.560老年人免疫系统00:12:13.560 --> 00:12:15.680随着年龄的增加而减弱00:12:15.680 --> 00:12:19.600使得在流感季节更容易感染病毒00:12:19.600 --> 00:12:19.960此外00:12:19.960 --> 00:12:23.200老年人在往往有多很多种慢性病00:12:23.200 --> 00:12:24.540心脏病糖尿病00:12:24.640 --> 00:12:25.320这些疾病00:12:25.320 --> 00:12:28.020会进一步增加流感的风险和严重性00:12:29.440 --> 00:12:31.300然后预防和措施00:12:31.320 --> 00:12:34.880包括在预防旁边老年定期接种疫苗00:12:34.880 --> 00:12:36.100增强免疫力00:12:36.880 --> 00:12:39.100流感季节少去人多的地方00:12:39.640 --> 00:12:40.920然后治疗上00:12:40.920 --> 00:12:43.260一旦出现流感症状及时就医00:12:43.360 --> 00:12:46.400根据医生的建议使用抗病毒的药物00:12:46.400 --> 00:12:47.540并注意休息00:12:47.880 --> 00:12:49.620家庭和社会支持00:12:50.320 --> 00:12:52.280关注老人的健康状态00:12:52.280 --> 00:12:55.760为提供要的照顾和支持00:12:55.760 --> 00:12:56.440社会层面00:12:56.440 --> 00:12:59.760应该根据完善的老年健康服务体系00:12:59.760 --> 00:13:01.940包括定期健康检查00:13:03.080 --> 00:13:04.200流感疫苗的接种00:13:04.200 --> 00:13:06.540以及流感季节的特别的关怀00:13:06.680 --> 00:13:08.460健康管理和监测00:13:08.600 --> 00:13:11.560老年人应该注意日常健康管理00:13:11.560 --> 00:13:16.660包括合理饮食适当运动充足睡眠00:13:16.880 --> 00:13:21.480同时还要监测体温和健康状况00:13:21.480 --> 00:13:23.260一旦出现异常00:13:23.520 --> 00:13:25.940应及时寻求医疗帮助00:13:26.280 --> 00:13:27.700儿童和孕妇00:13:29.520 --> 00:13:30.920儿童流感特点是00:13:30.920 --> 00:13:32.560儿童免疫系统尚未成熟00:13:32.560 --> 00:13:34.660对流感病毒抵抗力较弱00:13:34.840 --> 00:13:37.000流感对儿童中传播速度快00:13:37.000 --> 00:13:39.860且容易出现并发症肺炎或脑炎00:13:40.400 --> 00:13:41.440孕妇流感风险00:13:41.440 --> 00:13:45.080孕妇在流感季节感染流感风险高00:13:45.080 --> 00:13:45.280且00:13:45.280 --> 00:13:48.440流感对孕妇的和胎儿造成不良影响00:13:48.440 --> 00:13:50.420包括早产孕期症状00:13:50.880 --> 00:13:53.220儿童和孕妇疫苗接种00:13:53.320 --> 00:13:56.740儿童和孕妇是接种疫苗的重点人群00:13:57.480 --> 00:14:00.300儿童在流感季节前完成疫苗接种00:14:00.400 --> 00:14:02.240孕妇应该在医生的指导下00:14:02.240 --> 00:14:04.460选择合适的时间进行接种00:14:05.120 --> 00:14:06.700预防和治疗策略00:14:07.000 --> 00:14:07.840儿童和孕妇00:14:07.840 --> 00:14:10.360都应该接种预防流感疫苗00:14:10.360 --> 00:14:12.580以及以预防感染00:14:12.680 --> 00:14:13.720一旦出现症状00:14:13.720 --> 00:14:14.740及时就医00:14:14.920 --> 00:14:16.420避免自行用药00:14:17.520 --> 00:14:18.040治疗时00:14:18.040 --> 00:14:19.560应该遵循医生的建议00:14:19.560 --> 00:14:21.180注意休息和营养00:14:22.480 --> 00:14:24.080患有慢性病的人群00:14:24.080 --> 00:14:26.220慢性病人群与流感的关联00:14:26.480 --> 00:14:28.380患有慢性病的人群00:14:28.920 --> 00:14:30.600比如心脏病糖尿病00:14:30.600 --> 00:14:32.500慢性阻塞性肺疾病00:14:32.760 --> 00:14:35.180其免疫系统较为脆弱00:14:35.760 --> 00:14:38.580流感更容易侵蚀这些人群00:14:39.000 --> 00:14:41.940并可能导致原有慢性疾病加重00:14:43.320 --> 00:14:45.360预防和治疗措施预防上00:14:45.360 --> 00:14:48.460慢性患者应该定期接种疫苗00:14:49.560 --> 00:14:51.920并遵循医生的建议进行00:14:51.920 --> 00:14:53.540慢性病反应00:14:53.880 --> 00:14:54.820治疗上00:14:54.920 --> 00:14:56.700一旦出现流感症状00:14:56.840 --> 00:14:58.180应该立即就医00:14:59.040 --> 00:15:01.340严格的按照医嘱进行治疗00:15:01.880 --> 00:15:03.360慢性病的管理00:15:03.360 --> 00:15:04.160建议00:15:04.800 --> 00:15:07.940慢性病患者应遵循医生的治疗方案00:15:08.480 --> 00:15:10.420定期进行健康检查00:15:10.480 --> 00:15:13.020合理调整饮食和生活习惯00:15:13.520 --> 00:15:15.580保持良好的身体状态00:15:15.800 --> 00:15:19.120然后社会的支持与关怀社会00:15:19.120 --> 00:15:21.820应该提供必要的支持与关怀00:15:22.040 --> 00:15:24.740包括提供便利的医疗服务00:15:25.080 --> 00:15:28.540慢性病的管理和健康和心理支持00:15:28.800 --> 00:15:30.880以帮助慢性病患者00:15:30.880 --> 00:15:33.180更好的应对流感的挑战00:15:34.080 --> 00:15:36.260然后流感科普宣传00:15:36.960 --> 00:15:38.320科普宣传策略00:15:38.320 --> 00:15:41.100包括目标人群的分析与运营00:15:41.520 --> 00:15:43.420宣传内容和形式00:15:43.680 --> 00:15:45.700宣传渠道和效果评估00:15:47.280 --> 00:15:48.940持续性与创新性00:15:49.080 --> 00:15:50.640科普宣传的首要任务00:15:50.640 --> 00:15:52.540是明确目标人群00:15:52.680 --> 00:15:54.240有感科普的目标人群00:15:54.240 --> 00:15:55.480那包括老年儿童00:15:55.480 --> 00:15:59.700孕妇和慢性病患者以及普通大众00:15:59.840 --> 00:16:03.700并通过分析这些群体的生活习惯00:16:03.960 --> 00:16:06.360信息接收渠道00:16:06.360 --> 00:16:08.400和流感相关知识水平00:16:08.400 --> 00:16:12.280可以更准确的定位宣传策略00:16:12.280 --> 00:16:14.300确保信息的有效传递00:16:14.960 --> 00:16:16.320宣传内容与形式00:16:16.320 --> 00:16:19.300宣传内容亦涵盖流感的基础知识00:16:19.680 --> 00:16:21.040预防措施00:16:21.040 --> 00:16:24.540治疗方法和高风险群体的特别关怀00:16:25.080 --> 00:16:28.900形式上可以采取图文并茂的文章00:16:30.440 --> 00:16:33.200视频海报宣传等多种形式00:16:33.200 --> 00:16:35.160以适合不同人群的喜好00:16:35.160 --> 00:16:37.380和接接受习惯00:16:38.560 --> 00:16:40.400宣传渠道与效果评估00:16:40.400 --> 00:16:42.080选择合适的宣传渠道00:16:42.080 --> 00:16:43.860是科普成功的关键00:16:44.160 --> 00:16:46.360可以利用电视广播网络00:16:46.360 --> 00:16:49.100社区活动等多种渠道进行宣传00:16:49.320 --> 00:16:49.720同时00:16:49.720 --> 00:16:51.100通过问卷调查00:16:51.440 --> 00:16:52.720数据分析等方式00:16:52.720 --> 00:16:54.660定期评估宣传效果00:16:54.880 --> 00:16:57.100以便及时的调整策略00:16:57.840 --> 00:16:59.420持续性创新性00:16:59.600 --> 00:17:03.700科普宣传应保持持续性创新性00:17:03.960 --> 00:17:06.100通过定期更新内容00:17:06.120 --> 00:17:08.740引用新的研究成果和案例00:17:09.160 --> 00:17:13.880以及利用新技术和新媒体手段00:17:13.880 --> 00:17:15.140如AR VR00:17:16.720 --> 00:17:19.060可以吸引更多人的关注00:17:19.320 --> 00:17:22.460提高科普宣传的效果00:17:23.120 --> 00:17:25.500网络与媒体宣传00:17:26.400 --> 00:17:29.400传播媒体宣传传统的媒体00:17:29.400 --> 00:17:30.920包括电视广播00:17:30.920 --> 00:17:31.720报纸00:17:31.960 --> 00:17:35.900一些广泛的覆盖面和较高的可信度00:17:36.320 --> 00:17:39.400是流感科普的重要渠道通过制00:17:39.400 --> 00:17:40.200造00:17:40.600 --> 00:17:44.280制作专题题目节目00:17:44.280 --> 00:17:46.020专栏文章等形式00:17:46.400 --> 00:17:49.980可以有效的传递流感的相关知识00:17:50.720 --> 00:17:53.100然后社交媒体的传播00:17:54.320 --> 00:17:57.500社交媒体平台的传播00:17:57.600 --> 00:17:59.080快速传播和互动性00:17:59.080 --> 00:18:03.060可以使扭板成为科普宣传的新政绩00:18:03.240 --> 00:18:06.140通过微博微信抖音等平台00:18:06.320 --> 00:18:08.120发布科普信息00:18:08.120 --> 00:18:11.560可以迅速复杂大量用户00:18:11.560 --> 00:18:14.100并通过用户分享的形式00:18:14.440 --> 00:18:16.060形成病毒传播00:18:17.280 --> 00:18:17.560还有00:18:17.560 --> 00:18:18.800网络平台宣传00:18:18.800 --> 00:18:20.940通过专业健康网站00:18:21.080 --> 00:18:23.420在线论坛等网络平台00:18:24.160 --> 00:18:27.660发布科普文章和视频00:18:27.960 --> 00:18:29.860提供权威信息00:18:29.880 --> 00:18:32.780并方便用户查询和学习00:18:33.040 --> 00:18:36.420同时也可以通过在线问答00:18:37.040 --> 00:18:40.300直播讲座等形式提供互动00:18:40.880 --> 00:18:42.580网络直播与互动00:18:43.760 --> 00:18:47.600通过网络直播有感科普讲座宣传00:18:47.600 --> 00:18:50.100增加在线解00:18:50.280 --> 00:18:51.820在线解答疑问00:18:51.840 --> 00:18:54.220增加互动性与参与感00:18:54.480 --> 00:18:55.240这种方式00:18:55.240 --> 00:18:58.580可以让用户更深入的了解流感知识00:18:58.720 --> 00:19:01.620并直接与专流专家交流00:19:01.720 --> 00:19:04.180提高科普宣传的时效性00:19:05.160 --> 00:19:07.020社区与学校的教育00:19:07.360 --> 00:19:09.320社区与学校教育00:19:09.320 --> 00:19:12.460包括社区宣传活动学校健康教育00:19:12.680 --> 00:19:16.300家庭教育指导教育效果的评估00:19:16.880 --> 00:19:19.540在社区开展流感科普讲座00:19:19.920 --> 00:19:23.100健康咨询宣传活动等00:19:23.280 --> 00:19:26.940让居民在家门口就能获取流感知识00:19:27.240 --> 00:19:29.620通过发放宣传册00:19:30.200 --> 00:19:32.560设置展板等形式00:19:32.560 --> 00:19:35.740提高居民的防病意识00:19:36.960 --> 00:19:38.720然后学校健康宣教00:19:38.720 --> 00:19:41.660学科是流感防控的重要场所00:19:42.920 --> 00:19:45.660通过在学校开展健康教育00:19:46.880 --> 00:19:49.340教授油版预防知识00:19:49.560 --> 00:19:51.960培养学生良好的卫生习惯00:19:51.960 --> 00:19:54.000可以有效的降低00:19:54.000 --> 00:19:56.380油版在学校的全部风险00:19:56.760 --> 00:19:59.280然后针对家庭环境00:19:59.280 --> 00:20:02.260提供流感预防的家庭教育指导00:20:02.400 --> 00:20:04.160帮助家长有了解00:20:04.160 --> 00:20:06.380如何在家庭中预防流感00:20:06.640 --> 00:20:09.140如何照顾流感患者00:20:09.360 --> 00:20:11.800还有以及正确的处00:20:11.800 --> 00:20:13.060理家庭垃圾00:20:13.280 --> 00:20:16.100从而营造健康的生活环境00:20:16.200 --> 00:20:17.780这是家庭质感00:20:17.960 --> 00:20:20.340还有教育效果的评估00:20:20.600 --> 00:20:22.480定期对社区00:20:22.480 --> 00:20:25.580学校的留范科普教育进行评估00:20:26.080 --> 00:20:30.780通过问卷调查访谈等方式收集反馈00:20:31.120 --> 00:20:34.660了解居民和学生的知识掌握程度00:20:35.000 --> 00:20:38.300和预防行为的改变00:20:38.600 --> 00:20:41.420以便不断优化教育内容和形