[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fWExnu7DqJGwz-EJUO4x7uPQBHLWw1pyxiazXX7pnRKo":8,"$fkz7Ms7lcVM9Bc2VgZy0WyMq7n80xZWU-4XQvmV_pSzQ":60,"$f-_azRAXz9NOCA-iJhCJL47kmKUh6eP_1ymTob3zGxI4":61,"$f4t9Gul3DqqImuro9-oDyuJUmY9xUhiq-XHW8wKmci4Y":65},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":59},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"roleType":17,"adept":18,"hospital":19,"department":20,"postsTitle":21,"materialTotal":22,"videoTotal":23,"isConcern":7,"title":24,"coverVertical":25,"coverAcross":26,"directionMarker":22,"description":27,"vid":28,"time":29,"mediaType":22,"views":30,"likes":17,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":17,"createTime":31,"seoTitle":32,"seoKeywords":33,"seoDescription":34,"shelvesTime":35,"menus":36,"menuId":38,"type":55,"quality":56,"commentCount":17,"isComment":22,"deviceType":57,"url":58},9900,296,[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/medical/ystApp/ySoDac4Mm1e6dPXBFjkjGwmlQzlk1XIc.png","彭丽晶",0,"耳鼻喉常见疾病的诊治","上海市浦东新区周浦医院","耳鼻咽喉科","主治医师",1,5,"COPD科普 - 了解慢性阻塞性肺病的症状、治疗与预防","","https://cdn.yishi-tong.com/console/3/WIDuAe0zlccNF33weXX9MZ8AasWkDLu4.png","WEBVTT\n\n00:05.044 --> 00:05.419\n今天呢，\n\n00:05.419 --> 00:08.994\n我们来说一下COPD的一些相关的知识。\n\n00:12.387 --> 00:13.112\nCOPD呢，\n\n00:13.112 --> 00:15.387\n是慢性阻塞性的肺疾病，\n\n00:15.687 --> 00:17.988\n通常老年人比较容易犯，\n\n00:18.288 --> 00:22.687\n它是一种持续存在的气流受限为特征的肺部疾病。\n\n00:23.372 --> 00:24.072\n通常呢，\n\n00:24.072 --> 00:30.523\n是由吸烟呀、空气污染还有其他有害气体或者颗粒物的长期暴露引起的。\n\n00:31.658 --> 00:32.658\n这种气流呢，\n\n00:32.658 --> 00:36.932\n受限它是情呈进行性的发展。\n\n00:36.932 --> 00:37.783\n老年人呢，\n\n00:37.783 --> 00:38.958\n很多都有老慢支，\n\n00:39.158 --> 00:40.757\n时间太长了之后呢，\n\n00:40.757 --> 00:42.358\n就会发展为COPD。\n\n00:42.757 --> 00:43.408\n并且呢，\n\n00:43.408 --> 00:47.507\n它和气道和或者是肺泡的异常有关系。\n\n00:49.537 --> 00:50.912\nCOPD有两种类型，\n\n00:51.162 --> 00:53.463\n一种就是慢性支气管炎，\n\n00:53.812 --> 00:54.888\n发展到后期呢，\n\n00:54.888 --> 00:55.963\n它就会有肺气肿。\n\n00:56.263 --> 00:59.713\n慢性支气管炎是指气道的炎症，\n\n00:59.763 --> 01:01.713\n还有粘液分泌增多，\n\n01:02.162 --> 01:03.937\n导致慢性的咳嗽，\n\n01:03.937 --> 01:06.063\n还有反复的卡痰。\n\n01:06.913 --> 01:07.888\n肺气肿呢，\n\n01:07.888 --> 01:10.212\n则是指肺泡壁的破坏，\n\n01:10.462 --> 01:12.263\n它会导致肺泡的扩大，\n\n01:12.813 --> 01:13.438\n最终呢，\n\n01:13.438 --> 01:16.513\n导致一个气体的交换效率会受到影响，\n\n01:16.563 --> 01:19.712\n从而导致气体效那个交换效率效率。\n\n01:19.751 --> 01:20.251\n率下降。\n\n01:21.869 --> 01:23.344\nCOPD的发病率呢？\n\n01:23.444 --> 01:26.643\n根据世界卫生组织统计的数据，\n\n01:26.994 --> 01:29.744\n它是全球第三大的致命疾病。\n\n01:30.569 --> 01:31.120\n全球呢，\n\n01:31.120 --> 01:34.769\n大概有2.5亿人患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病。\n\n01:35.433 --> 01:36.833\n随着年龄的增长，\n\n01:36.833 --> 01:39.384\n发病率率也有所上升，\n\n01:39.683 --> 01:42.833\n尤其是在吸烟者中更为普遍。\n\n01:44.119 --> 01:46.319\n它有些它有很多危险因素。\n\n01:47.416 --> 01:49.067\n其中一个就是吸烟。\n\n01:49.998 --> 01:54.898\n长期的大量吸烟会促进慢性阻塞性肺疾病的发生，\n\n01:55.648 --> 01:59.248\n还有职业暴露于一些有害的颗粒物，\n\n01:59.697 --> 02:02.447\n比如粉尘还有烟雾等等。\n\n02:02.898 --> 02:05.347\n粉尘比如说挖煤挖矿啊，\n\n02:05.347 --> 02:08.197\n或者是面粉厂啊，\n\n02:08.498 --> 02:10.548\n或者是一些有害的气体，\n\n02:11.048 --> 02:15.998\n还有一些像是制作那个爆炸物的那些工厂，\n\n02:16.447 --> 02:20.197\n有这些有害气体、粉尘还有烟雾都容易引起CPD的发生。\n\n02:20.255 --> 02:20.505\n生。\n\n02:21.417 --> 02:23.218\n像是室内的空气污染，\n\n02:23.617 --> 02:24.968\n还有遗传因素，\n\n02:25.468 --> 02:28.317\n还有儿童时期反复的呼吸道感染，\n\n02:28.567 --> 02:30.167\n也会导致的肺损伤，\n\n02:30.468 --> 02:33.067\n容易发生慢性阻塞性肺疾病。\n\n02:35.134 --> 02:38.333\n下面我们来说一下它的病因还有发病机制。\n\n02:38.983 --> 02:40.733\n它的病因比较复杂，\n\n02:41.384 --> 02:43.684\n主要包括一些有害物质，\n\n02:43.783 --> 02:46.083\n比如烟草、烟雾，\n\n02:46.283 --> 02:47.833\n还有空气污染物。\n\n02:48.333 --> 02:52.833\n这些物质会引起气道还有肺泡的炎症反应。\n\n02:53.434 --> 02:58.983\n长期的反复的炎症刺激会导致肺部结构还有功能的损伤。\n\n03:00.289 --> 03:02.389\n他的疾病进程非常缓慢。\n\n03:03.432 --> 03:04.007\n通常呢，\n\n03:04.007 --> 03:05.233\n是进行性的。\n\n03:05.582 --> 03:08.283\n早期可能没有明显的症症状，\n\n03:08.283 --> 03:09.033\n但是呢，\n\n03:09.182 --> 03:10.707\n随着时间的推移，\n\n03:10.707 --> 03:12.533\n症状会逐渐的加重。\n\n03:13.313 --> 03:15.537\n它会逐渐影响患者的生活质量，\n\n03:15.537 --> 03:18.388\n还有预期的寿命。\n\n03:18.388 --> 03:18.763\nCOPD呢，\n\n03:18.763 --> 03:23.662\n有一个比较明显的那个危险因素呢，\n\n03:23.662 --> 03:26.162\n就是感染反复的感染，\n\n03:26.162 --> 03:27.287\n反复的肺部感染，\n\n03:27.287 --> 03:29.863\n它会促进COPD的发展。\n\n03:30.613 --> 03:35.513\n每一次感染都会让患者的肺功能进行性的下降，\n\n03:35.813 --> 03:37.763\n从而导致COPD的进展。\n\n03:39.369 --> 03:42.020\n它的发病机制主要涉及炎症反应。\n\n03:42.985 --> 03:45.436\n蛋白酶抗蛋白酶失衡，\n\n03:45.886 --> 03:47.085\n氧化应激，\n\n03:47.235 --> 03:49.535\n还有气道的重塑。\n\n03:50.136 --> 03:51.386\n这些机制呢，\n\n03:51.636 --> 03:54.535\n它共同作用导致气道的阻塞，\n\n03:54.686 --> 03:56.186\n还有肺泡的破坏，\n\n03:56.585 --> 03:58.686\n从而引起一个气流受限。\n\n04:00.488 --> 04:02.839\n遗传还有环境因素都会影响。\n\n04:03.664 --> 04:06.815\n它在COPD的发生中会起到一定的作用，\n\n04:07.315 --> 04:12.865\n比如某些基因变异可能会增加个体对COPD的易感性。\n\n04:13.414 --> 04:14.214\n同时，\n\n04:14.414 --> 04:15.565\n环境因素。\n\n04:16.433 --> 04:17.283\n尤其是吸烟，\n\n04:17.933 --> 04:19.234\n还有空气污染，\n\n04:19.484 --> 04:22.433\n它是COPD发病的主要外部因素。\n\n04:22.933 --> 04:23.459\n那么，\n\n04:23.459 --> 04:25.783\n我们不只是一手烟，\n\n04:25.933 --> 04:29.084\n其实二手烟也是重要的一个发病因素。\n\n04:29.533 --> 04:33.084\n像是有的人并没有这些易感的基因，\n\n04:33.283 --> 04:34.709\n他吸烟吸的很多，\n\n04:34.709 --> 04:37.484\n但是他反而不容易发生COPD。\n\n04:37.734 --> 04:39.433\n有一些人有易感因素，\n\n04:39.634 --> 04:43.384\n长期待在吸烟的人的旁边吸二手烟，\n\n04:43.584 --> 04:45.283\n它容易引起COPD。\n\n04:49.096 --> 04:49.420\n下面呢，\n\n04:49.420 --> 04:52.746\n我们来说一下COPD的症状还有诊断。\n\n04:55.558 --> 04:56.583\n它的临床症状呢，\n\n04:56.583 --> 05:01.708\n常见的有包括呼吸困难、慢性咳嗽、咳痰，\n\n05:02.007 --> 05:02.958\n还有气促。\n\n05:04.080 --> 05:04.906\n这些症状呢，\n\n05:04.906 --> 05:07.580\n主要在患者活动之后加剧，\n\n05:07.930 --> 05:09.580\n比方说是冬天呀，\n\n05:09.580 --> 05:11.930\n或者是寒冷的环境下，\n\n05:11.930 --> 05:13.580\n或者潮湿的环境中。\n\n05:14.756 --> 05:16.506\n患者会逐渐感到。\n\n05:17.820 --> 05:18.894\n随着时间的变化，\n\n05:18.894 --> 05:21.119\n通常出现有什么，\n\n05:21.220 --> 05:23.744\n比方说活动后出现啊，\n\n05:23.744 --> 05:25.320\n呼吸不畅，\n\n05:25.519 --> 05:26.220\n气促，\n\n05:26.570 --> 05:28.595\n或者爬二楼，\n\n05:28.595 --> 05:35.119\n甚至是二楼的楼梯也会感觉到需要停下来休息或者气喘气促的情况。\n\n05:36.441 --> 05:36.766\n但是呢，\n\n05:36.766 --> 05:38.092\n随着疾病的进展，\n\n05:38.141 --> 05:39.867\n即使是在休息的时候，\n\n05:39.867 --> 05:42.041\n他也有可能会感到呼吸困难。\n\n05:42.998 --> 05:45.648\n这样就会引起一些很多的并发症，\n\n05:46.248 --> 05:48.299\n比如慢性呼吸衰竭。\n\n05:49.756 --> 05:52.156\n肺动脉压增高引起一个肺心病。\n\n05:53.144 --> 05:55.694\n自发性的肺泡破裂引起气胸，\n\n05:56.093 --> 05:58.843\n还有呼吸系统反复感染等等，\n\n05:59.093 --> 06:00.993\n这些就是一个恶性循环，\n\n06:01.444 --> 06:05.519\n这些并发症有可能会严重的影响患者的生命质量，\n\n06:05.519 --> 06:06.794\n还有预期的寿命。\n\n06:07.993 --> 06:10.743\n早期识别CUPD的信号呢，\n\n06:10.894 --> 06:13.843\n对于治疗还有预防至关重要。\n\n06:14.515 --> 06:16.716\n这些信号可能包括哪些呢？\n\n06:17.015 --> 06:21.665\n包括持续慢性的咳嗽、咳痰、痰量增多。\n\n06:22.216 --> 06:24.015\n咳嗽可能是串咳，\n\n06:24.015 --> 06:25.303\n也可能是单咳。\n\n06:25.303 --> 06:27.115\n痰量啊，\n\n06:27.115 --> 06:28.316\n比常人要多，\n\n06:28.466 --> 06:29.665\n有可能是白痰，\n\n06:29.765 --> 06:30.566\n如果感染，\n\n06:30.566 --> 06:31.966\n有可能是黄脓痰。\n\n06:32.800 --> 06:34.376\n活动后的呼吸困难，\n\n06:34.376 --> 06:38.901\n尤其是爬楼梯后需要反复的一个喘息，\n\n06:39.501 --> 06:41.550\n以及反复的呼吸道感染，\n\n06:41.800 --> 06:44.651\n这些都是COPD的早期信号。\n\n06:44.901 --> 06:46.950\n我们应该做到去早期发现，\n\n06:47.151 --> 06:48.200\n早期诊断，\n\n06:48.651 --> 06:51.200\n以便于早期治疗阻碍。\n\n06:52.071 --> 06:54.372\n阻断它的一个恶性循环。\n\n06:56.317 --> 06:57.768\n诊断方法有哪些呢？\n\n06:58.540 --> 07:03.239\n基于病史评估、症状描述以及肺功能检测。\n\n07:05.096 --> 07:07.246\n根据全球倡议标准，\n\n07:07.295 --> 07:14.045\n患者需要具备持续的一个呼吸困难、慢性咳嗽、咳或咳痰，\n\n07:14.545 --> 07:18.145\n以及肺功能测试显示气流受限，\n\n07:18.545 --> 07:20.346\n这是它的一个诊断标准。\n\n07:22.178 --> 07:23.977\n那么辅助检查有哪些呢？\n\n07:23.977 --> 07:27.428\n除了肺功能测试还有影像学的检查以外，\n\n07:27.627 --> 07:32.028\n医生可能还会用血液检查来评估患者的炎症水平，\n\n07:32.377 --> 07:35.078\n或者检测其他的可能的并发症。\n\n07:36.925 --> 07:40.325\n检查的流程通常包括详细的询问病史。\n\n07:41.217 --> 07:41.868\n体格检查，\n\n07:42.317 --> 07:46.518\n比如用听诊器听胸腔呼吸的情况，\n\n07:46.917 --> 07:48.768\n以及肺功能的检测。\n\n07:49.733 --> 07:50.782\n在某些情况下，\n\n07:50.933 --> 07:55.333\n可能还需要进行胸部X光或者是CT的扫描，\n\n07:55.632 --> 07:57.882\n排除其他可能的肺部疾病。\n\n07:59.686 --> 08:01.835\n诊断的时候可能会出现一些误区。\n\n08:03.114 --> 08:08.764\n常见的误区包括早期的症状误诊为其他呼吸道疾病，\n\n08:09.264 --> 08:15.213\n比如支气管扩张、肺炎、肺癌等等，\n\n08:15.864 --> 08:19.514\n以及未能及时的进行肺功能测试。\n\n08:20.977 --> 08:25.227\n肺功能测试可以作为一定程度的金标准，\n\n08:25.627 --> 08:27.127\n避免这些误区呢，\n\n08:27.178 --> 08:31.727\n对于准确诊断还有治疗COPD至关重要。\n\n08:34.979 --> 08:41.104\nCOPD的治疗与康复我们下面来具体说一下治疗方案。\n\n08:42.398 --> 08:45.697\n药物治疗是COPD管理的重要组成部分，\n\n08:46.047 --> 08:48.898\n它主要包括支气管的扩张剂。\n\n08:49.916 --> 08:50.690\n有短效的，\n\n08:50.690 --> 08:51.666\n有长效的。\n\n08:52.562 --> 08:54.611\n吸入性的糖皮质激素，\n\n08:54.911 --> 08:56.562\n还有磷酸二酯酶。\n\n08:57.745 --> 08:58.596\n抑制剂等。\n\n08:59.645 --> 09:00.744\n支气管扩张剂，\n\n09:00.994 --> 09:03.145\n它可以缓解气道的痉挛，\n\n09:03.544 --> 09:04.994\n改善呼吸困难。\n\n09:05.937 --> 09:10.088\n吸入用的糖皮质激素有助于减少气道的炎症，\n\n09:10.638 --> 09:11.638\n控制症状。\n\n09:12.487 --> 09:14.987\n磷酸二酯酶四抑制剂呢，\n\n09:15.237 --> 09:17.088\n它可以改善呼吸困难，\n\n09:17.088 --> 09:20.338\n并且减少COPD的急性加重。\n\n09:22.461 --> 09:28.000\n非药物治疗包括氧疗、康复训练还有疫苗接种等。\n\n09:28.000 --> 09:31.236\n长期的氧疗可以改善生活质量，\n\n09:31.236 --> 09:33.411\n并且延长生存时间，\n\n09:33.812 --> 09:36.911\n特别是对于严重低氧的患者。\n\n09:37.262 --> 09:40.161\n康复训练通过有计划的锻炼，\n\n09:40.161 --> 09:41.461\n还有教育活动，\n\n09:41.762 --> 09:44.361\n它可以帮助患者提高运动能力，\n\n09:44.661 --> 09:45.812\n减轻症状，\n\n09:45.861 --> 09:47.562\n还有改善生活质量。\n\n09:48.309 --> 09:51.559\n像是有一些老年人可以采取疫苗接种，\n\n09:52.010 --> 09:53.510\n它可以预防感染。\n\n09:53.909 --> 09:58.559\n感染又是引起COPD反复急性加重的诱因，\n\n09:58.909 --> 09:59.559\n所以呢，\n\n09:59.559 --> 10:03.809\n疫苗接种是预防COPD急性加重的有效手段。\n\n10:05.942 --> 10:06.716\n某些情况下，\n\n10:06.716 --> 10:10.291\n比如严重的肺大泡或者肺气肿。\n\n10:11.096 --> 10:13.596\n或者是药物治疗没有效果的时候，\n\n10:13.896 --> 10:15.771\n他可能会需要手术治疗，\n\n10:15.771 --> 10:16.896\n切除肺大泡。\n\n10:17.346 --> 10:22.346\n肺减容手术就是通过移除受损的肺组织，\n\n10:22.747 --> 10:24.796\n减轻肺通过度通气，\n\n10:25.247 --> 10:27.197\n从而改善一个呼吸功能。\n\n10:27.947 --> 10:30.247\n对于晚期COPD的患者，\n\n10:30.596 --> 10:32.896\n肺移植可能是一个选择，\n\n10:33.447 --> 10:36.096\n但是需要严格的适应症评估，\n\n10:36.646 --> 10:38.596\n比如患者的全身状况。\n\n10:39.294 --> 10:40.645\n比如配型等等。\n\n10:41.645 --> 10:42.596\n综合治疗，\n\n10:42.945 --> 10:43.945\n综合治疗呢，\n\n10:43.945 --> 10:45.346\n结合药物治疗，\n\n10:45.346 --> 10:46.745\n还有非药物治疗，\n\n10:47.145 --> 10:51.171\n它的目的是最大化的改善患者的功能状态，\n\n10:51.171 --> 10:52.445\n还有生活质量，\n\n10:52.995 --> 10:55.046\n包括个体化的治疗计划，\n\n10:55.395 --> 11:00.346\n涵盖比如日常的药物管理、康复训练。\n\n11:01.263 --> 11:03.463\n心理支持、营养指导，\n\n11:03.612 --> 11:06.112\n还有健康教育等多个方面。\n\n11:08.719 --> 11:09.719\n康复与护理。\n\n11:10.802 --> 11:11.552\n康复训练，\n\n11:11.752 --> 11:14.203\n它是COPD患者恢复的关键，\n\n11:14.752 --> 11:16.703\n比方包括有氧运动。\n\n11:17.679 --> 11:18.528\n力量训练。\n\n11:19.401 --> 11:20.500\n还有呼吸训练。\n\n11:21.422 --> 11:22.273\n有氧运动呢，\n\n11:22.273 --> 11:24.872\n它可以提高患者的心肺耐力。\n\n11:25.572 --> 11:28.422\n力量训练可以增加肌肉的力量。\n\n11:29.351 --> 11:30.151\n呼吸训练，\n\n11:30.500 --> 11:34.351\n它是可以有效帮助改善呼吸的效率，\n\n11:34.401 --> 11:36.200\n还有减少呼吸困难。\n\n11:38.296 --> 11:43.245\n家庭护理对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者也是很重要的，\n\n11:43.645 --> 11:45.796\n包括正确的使用吸入器。\n\n11:46.669 --> 11:47.968\n监测症状变化，\n\n11:48.468 --> 11:49.518\n管理药物，\n\n11:49.518 --> 11:51.818\n还有定期跟进医生的建议，\n\n11:52.468 --> 11:54.018\n家庭成员的支持，\n\n11:54.268 --> 11:55.244\n还有参与，\n\n11:55.244 --> 11:59.818\n对患者的康复和生活质量的提高有显著的影响。\n\n12:02.127 --> 12:04.052\n平常家里人有感冒的时候，\n\n12:04.052 --> 12:08.828\n一定要注意戴口罩或者采取一个有效的隔离，\n\n12:09.177 --> 12:13.377\n否则反复的感染会引起COPD患者病情的加重。\n\n12:14.336 --> 12:16.236\n心理支持也很重要。\n\n12:17.088 --> 12:19.463\nCOPD患者常常会经历焦虑，\n\n12:19.463 --> 12:21.513\n还有抑郁等心理问题，\n\n12:22.314 --> 12:23.814\n心理支持呢，\n\n12:23.814 --> 12:25.864\n就包括心理咨询服务。\n\n12:26.940 --> 12:27.739\n支持团体，\n\n12:28.039 --> 12:29.590\n还有家庭的支持，\n\n12:30.090 --> 12:33.289\n它都可以帮助患者应对情绪的困扰。\n\n12:34.080 --> 12:35.630\n增强治疗的依从性。\n\n12:36.742 --> 12:39.992\n为什么患者会经常感觉到焦虑还有抑郁呢？\n\n12:40.442 --> 12:44.041\n因为COPD患者常常会感觉到呼吸不畅。\n\n12:45.322 --> 12:46.547\n走路会感觉到累，\n\n12:46.547 --> 12:48.072\n爬楼梯需要喘息，\n\n12:48.473 --> 12:49.447\n反复的感染，\n\n12:49.447 --> 12:52.523\n住院治疗会导致他们心理上的崩溃，\n\n12:53.072 --> 12:58.223\n那么家里人在这个时候的心理支持就会起到相当关键的作用。\n\n12:59.559 --> 13:01.258\n营养与饮食也很重要。\n\n13:02.715 --> 13:03.864\n良好的营养状态。\n\n13:03.864 --> 13:05.815\n对于COPD患者的康复。\n\n13:07.461 --> 13:08.711\n也是至关重要的。\n\n13:09.596 --> 13:10.846\n通常的饮食建议呢，\n\n13:10.846 --> 13:13.846\n包括高蛋白高能量的饮食，\n\n13:14.395 --> 13:18.195\n以及支持身体对疾病的抵抗力。\n\n13:18.546 --> 13:21.796\n同时避免体重过轻或者过重，\n\n13:22.195 --> 13:24.346\n需要保持一个适宜的体重。\n\n13:26.809 --> 13:26.960\n最后，\n\n13:26.960 --> 13:29.809\n我们来说一下COPD的预防与控制。\n\n13:31.398 --> 13:31.799\n戒烟，\n\n13:32.249 --> 13:32.999\n控烟。\n\n13:34.406 --> 13:34.830\n戒烟呢，\n\n13:34.830 --> 13:37.606\n是预防COPD的最有效的措施之一。\n\n13:38.661 --> 13:41.310\n吸烟是COPD的主要的危险因素，\n\n13:41.661 --> 13:45.135\n烟草中有害物质会损伤到气道，\n\n13:45.135 --> 13:45.960\n还有肺泡，\n\n13:46.210 --> 13:48.460\n导致气道的炎症还有阻塞。\n\n13:48.960 --> 13:53.036\n因此戒烟可以减轻COPD的发展速度，\n\n13:53.036 --> 13:55.760\n减缓降低发病风险。\n\n13:57.338 --> 13:58.163\n控烟政策呢，\n\n13:58.163 --> 13:59.038\n同样重要。\n\n13:59.955 --> 14:01.405\n通过限制烟草广告。\n\n14:03.192 --> 14:06.492\n它可以在有效的减少吸烟的人数，\n\n14:06.843 --> 14:08.442\n从而减少二手烟，\n\n14:08.492 --> 14:10.442\n降低COPD的发病率。\n\n14:11.742 --> 14:12.642\n环境污染，\n\n14:12.692 --> 14:15.291\n尤其是室内和室外的空气污染，\n\n14:15.341 --> 14:17.841\n是COPD另外一个主要的危险因素。\n\n14:18.978 --> 14:20.978\n环境保护也是相当重要的，\n\n14:21.478 --> 14:22.927\n加强环境保护，\n\n14:23.228 --> 14:25.877\n减少工业排放、汽车尾气，\n\n14:26.427 --> 14:28.927\n还有空室内的空气污染，\n\n14:29.177 --> 14:32.127\n对预防CPD具有同样重要的意义。\n\n14:33.617 --> 14:34.867\n政府和个人呢，\n\n14:34.867 --> 14:36.216\n都应该采取措施，\n\n14:36.567 --> 14:39.567\n比如使用空洁清洁的能源，\n\n14:39.867 --> 14:41.867\n改善室内的通风条件，\n\n14:42.166 --> 14:45.966\n来保护公众不要受到空气污染的伤害。\n\n14:48.078 --> 14:48.978\n个体个人呢，\n\n14:49.127 --> 14:52.677\n一个是需要采取健康的生活方式。\n\n14:54.479 --> 14:56.830\n这个也可以有效的预防COPD的发生。\n\n14:57.979 --> 14:59.280\n通过均衡饮食，\n\n14:59.729 --> 15:00.729\n适量运动，\n\n15:00.880 --> 15:02.780\n保持健康的体重，\n\n15:02.880 --> 15:06.729\n避免过度饮酒等等都可以维护肺部的健康，\n\n15:07.280 --> 15:09.380\n定期的体检也很重要。\n\n15:10.120 --> 15:11.270\n我们可以在早期。\n\n15:12.508 --> 15:14.359\n发现疾病并开始干预。\n\n15:16.033 --> 15:17.309\n像是控制策略，\n\n15:17.309 --> 15:19.734\n我们可以通过疾病的管理，\n\n15:20.234 --> 15:21.533\n比如及时就医。\n\n15:22.656 --> 15:24.281\n还有预防感染等等，\n\n15:24.281 --> 15:25.807\n还有过敏原的接触，\n\n15:26.206 --> 15:28.307\n社区的干预也可以有效。\n\n15:29.581 --> 15:30.331\n提供帮助。\n\n15:30.382 --> 15:32.432\n比如提供肺功能的。\n\n15:33.580 --> 15:37.280\n测试、筛查、健康教育支持小组等服务，\n\n15:37.429 --> 15:40.679\n它还可以帮助患者建立良好的生活习惯。\n\n15:41.630 --> 15:43.880\n健康教育还有政策的支持，\n\n15:44.130 --> 15:46.780\n同样对患者有至关重要的作用。\n\n15:47.866 --> 15:49.216\n今天我们就讲到这里，\n\n15:49.216 --> 15:50.015\n谢谢大家。\n\n","v0247cg10004d60qsbaljht3nv1lttgg",955,646,"2026-01-24 21:04:34"," COPD科普 - 慢性阻塞性肺病的症状、治疗与预防指南  "," COPD症状,慢性阻塞性肺病治疗,COPD预防方法,肺病管理,呼吸系统疾病  "," 本文详细介绍了慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）的常见症状、有效治疗方法及科学预防措施，帮助患者和家属全面了解COPD的日常管理与健康维护。","2026-03-07 21:30:00",[37],{"menuId":38,"menuName":39,"parentId":17,"orderNum":40,"path":41,"component":42,"isFrame":43,"isCache":44,"menuType":45,"visible":22,"status":17,"createDept":6,"remark":25,"createTime":46,"children":47,"columnImage":48,"columnLogo":49,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":17,"isHome":17,"forceLogin":17,"color":6,"seoTitle":50,"seoKeywords":51,"seoDescription":52,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":53,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":54,"routerPath":41,"componentInfo":42},"1986622624134549505","科普视频",3,"video","/video.html","1","0","T","2025-11-07 10:31:58",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:09:40/0d7fcb56-3dc4-4dcb-99ca-a5d5c438378e.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:09:43/958efac7-dd02-4681-b8fd-0dd84b1bbf42.png","健康科普视频大全,了解你的健康生活","健康科普视频, 戒烟视频, 饮食健康视频, 胸痛科普, 用药知识, 职业健康视频, 贫血科普, 眼健康视频","精选健康科普视频,涵盖戒烟、胸痛、饮食、用药与职业健康等多个主题,让你轻松获取科学健康知识,提升生活质量。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:09:45/fa8fe113-deaa-4454-8105-d629769963dd.png","Video",2,"慢性病",4,"https://vod.haohuanjiao.com/huanjiao/specialistVideo/296/9cefed71-13a6-47bd-b150-c17b5e33ea3a.tmp?a=0&auth_key=1789036427-0e4530932d8148f0b24aeb3a4a2da68b-0-0fa9b737cc6a759287833fd6a8562e7c&br=372&bt=372&cd=0%7C0%7C0&ch=0&cr=0&cs=0&dr=0&ds=4&eid=v0247cg10004d60qsbaljht3nv1lttgg&er=0&l=20260811081750EFCCAA1900E6F18FE823&lr=&mime_type=video_mp4&net=0&pl=0&qs=13&rc=andveTZrb2V0OTczNGY3M0Apanc0cXdtZHYzZzMzajo1eWdkcS5rcWdecC1hLS1kNC9zc2RxaXMwZWlfbjMxLS5gMS06Yw%3D%3D&vl=&vr=",true,{"code":9,"msg":58,"message":6,"data":6,"success":59},{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":62,"success":59},{"pageNo":22,"pageSize":63,"result":64,"totalSize":17},10,[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":66,"success":59},{"authors":67,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":68},[],[]]