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--> 00:01.641\n嗯，\n\n00:01.641 --> 00:02.290\n大家好，\n\n00:02.290 --> 00:02.865\n今天呢，\n\n00:02.865 --> 00:08.065\n我跟大家一起来学习一下非变异性鼻炎的一些相关的知识点。\n\n00:08.986 --> 00:09.411\n首先呢，\n\n00:09.411 --> 00:13.736\n我们来了解一下非病性性鼻炎的一些总的概念。\n\n00:16.930 --> 00:19.129\n非变异性鼻炎的定义，\n\n00:19.430 --> 00:21.430\n我们从病因与症状上来看呢，\n\n00:21.479 --> 00:22.905\n非变异性鼻炎呢，\n\n00:22.905 --> 00:24.729\n通常由环境因素引起，\n\n00:24.879 --> 00:25.604\n症状呢，\n\n00:25.604 --> 00:27.280\n包括持续性鼻塞，\n\n00:27.479 --> 00:28.180\n流涕，\n\n00:28.379 --> 00:30.979\n但不伴有打喷嚏或者瘙痒。\n\n00:31.822 --> 00:33.448\n与过敏性鼻炎的区别方面呢，\n\n00:33.448 --> 00:37.397\n是非变异性鼻炎不涉及免疫系统的过敏反应，\n\n00:37.498 --> 00:40.798\n而过敏性鼻炎则与特定的过敏原有关系。\n\n00:41.048 --> 00:42.323\n诊断标准上面呢，\n\n00:42.323 --> 00:51.798\n是诊断非变异性鼻炎主要依据病史、症状和鼻内镜检查排除过敏性鼻炎等其他局部的鼻部的一个疾病。\n\n00:53.006 --> 00:54.706\n非变异型的分类方面呢，\n\n00:54.706 --> 00:55.930\n一个是急性期，\n\n00:56.081 --> 00:57.831\n就是急性非变异性鼻炎，\n\n00:57.831 --> 01:00.930\n通常由感冒或者感染引起，\n\n01:00.980 --> 01:03.430\n症状包括鼻塞、流涕。\n\n01:04.295 --> 01:05.646\n持续时间较短，\n\n01:05.646 --> 01:07.846\n那么慢性非变异性鼻炎呢，\n\n01:07.846 --> 01:11.195\n就是症状持续超过12周啊，\n\n01:11.195 --> 01:14.146\n可能由环境因素或长期炎症引起的，\n\n01:14.195 --> 01:16.195\n需要长期的去管理。\n\n01:17.001 --> 01:17.077\n嗯，\n\n01:17.077 --> 01:21.851\n季节非季节性的非变异性鼻炎与特定季节的过敏原有关，\n\n01:21.851 --> 01:23.177\n如花粉啊，\n\n01:23.177 --> 01:23.827\n症状啊，\n\n01:23.827 --> 01:25.302\n在特别季节加重。\n\n01:25.601 --> 01:25.927\n嗯，\n\n01:25.927 --> 01:26.577\n职业性。\n\n01:26.577 --> 01:27.226\n第四点呢，\n\n01:27.226 --> 01:28.552\n就是第四个呢，\n\n01:28.552 --> 01:30.402\n是职业性的非变异性鼻炎，\n\n01:30.452 --> 01:34.027\n由于长期暴露于特定工作环境中的刺激物，\n\n01:34.027 --> 01:38.827\n刺激物或过敏原如粉尘或者化学物质导致的一些，\n\n01:38.827 --> 01:40.251\n比非特异性。\n\n01:41.278 --> 01:41.628\n鼻炎。\n\n01:42.722 --> 01:42.897\n那么，\n\n01:42.897 --> 01:44.772\n非变异性鼻炎的一个诊断，\n\n01:44.872 --> 01:46.671\n第一个是病史的采集，\n\n01:46.972 --> 01:47.321\n嗯，\n\n01:47.321 --> 01:51.722\n询问患者鼻塞、流涕、打喷嚏等等的相关症状，\n\n01:51.821 --> 01:56.446\n了解症状持续时间以及可能的一个触发因素啊。\n\n01:56.446 --> 01:56.972\n第二呢，\n\n01:56.972 --> 02:05.872\n体格检查通过鼻镜检查鼻腔粘膜的颜色、鼻甲的大小以及分泌物的性质来评估鼻炎严重的一个程度。\n\n02:06.393 --> 02:06.918\n第三个呢，\n\n02:06.918 --> 02:08.093\n是过敏源测试，\n\n02:08.244 --> 02:12.643\n进行皮肤点刺或者血液特异性IgE检测，\n\n02:12.843 --> 02:16.744\n确定是否有特定过敏原引起的鼻炎症状。\n\n02:17.194 --> 02:17.968\n第四个呢，\n\n02:17.968 --> 02:19.069\n是影像学检查，\n\n02:19.069 --> 02:21.294\n必要时进行鼻窦CT的扫描，\n\n02:21.444 --> 02:26.143\n排除鼻窦炎或者鼻息肉等其他鼻部的疾病。\n\n02:28.690 --> 02:29.865\n第二个第二点呢，\n\n02:29.865 --> 02:30.740\n第二第二个方面呢，\n\n02:30.740 --> 02:33.914\n我们来聊一下非变异性鼻炎的一个症状，\n\n02:33.914 --> 02:34.990\n常见的一个症状，\n\n02:34.990 --> 02:36.889\n一个是持续性鼻鼻塞。\n\n02:37.718 --> 02:39.518\n非变异性鼻炎患者呢，\n\n02:39.518 --> 02:41.367\n常有持续性的鼻塞症状，\n\n02:41.417 --> 02:42.968\n影响了正常呼吸，\n\n02:43.067 --> 02:47.567\n尤其是早晨或者在寒冷环境当中的症状会加重。\n\n02:47.567 --> 02:49.942\n流清水样鼻涕患者呢，\n\n02:49.942 --> 02:52.718\n会频繁出现流清水样鼻涕的情况，\n\n02:52.817 --> 02:56.067\n尤其是在鼻塞或者打喷嚏后更为明显。\n\n02:56.317 --> 02:58.067\n第三个是嗅觉减退，\n\n02:58.167 --> 02:59.768\n由于鼻腔内炎症，\n\n02:59.867 --> 03:03.817\n非变异性鼻炎患者常常伴有嗅觉减退或者丧失，\n\n03:03.968 --> 03:06.317\n影响日常的一个生活的质量。\n\n03:08.052 --> 03:11.277\n我们再来自根据症状类型再细分一下，\n\n03:11.328 --> 03:13.753\n第一个是持续性鼻塞，\n\n03:13.753 --> 03:17.828\n非特异性鼻炎患者常有持续性的一个鼻塞症状，\n\n03:17.828 --> 03:19.277\n影响正常的呼吸，\n\n03:19.427 --> 03:22.177\n尤其在早晨起床时更为明显。\n\n03:22.378 --> 03:24.078\n第二个是流清水涕，\n\n03:24.128 --> 03:26.628\n患者会频繁出现流清水涕的情况，\n\n03:26.727 --> 03:30.427\n尤其是在接触到冷空气或者刺激性气味的时候。\n\n03:30.578 --> 03:33.277\n第三个是嗅觉减退，\n\n03:33.477 --> 03:35.227\n由于鼻腔内的炎症，\n\n03:35.427 --> 03:37.302\n非变异性鼻炎患者呢，\n\n03:37.302 --> 03:38.177\n常常伴有。\n\n03:38.216 --> 03:41.466\n嗅觉的减退或者丧失的相关的一些症状。\n\n03:43.257 --> 03:45.207\n症状影响要我们要评估一下，\n\n03:45.207 --> 03:47.108\n第一个是睡眠障碍，\n\n03:47.507 --> 03:52.358\n非特异性鼻炎患者的常因鼻塞流涕导致睡眠质量下降，\n\n03:52.608 --> 03:55.707\n出现打鼾睡眠中断等等的问题。\n\n03:56.057 --> 03:56.832\n第二个呢，\n\n03:56.832 --> 03:58.557\n是日常生活的一个受限，\n\n03:58.908 --> 03:59.233\n嗯，\n\n03:59.233 --> 04:02.332\n因为持续性的鼻塞流涕等症状呢，\n\n04:02.332 --> 04:04.158\n影响患者日常生活，\n\n04:04.358 --> 04:07.757\n那么如工作学习和一些社交活动。\n\n04:07.908 --> 04:08.682\n第三个呢，\n\n04:08.682 --> 04:12.432\n嗅觉减退引起的一个鼻炎导致的鼻腔炎。\n\n04:12.432 --> 04:13.358\n炎症和。\n\n04:13.507 --> 04:16.308\n分泌物增多可引起嗅觉功能减退，\n\n04:16.358 --> 04:18.458\n影响味觉和生活质量。\n\n04:24.261 --> 04:26.587\n我们来谈一下非变异性患者啊，\n\n04:26.587 --> 04:29.111\n非变异性鼻炎的一个常见的一个类型。\n\n04:29.976 --> 04:30.101\n嗯，\n\n04:30.101 --> 04:32.925\n一个是炎症性的非变异性鼻炎的亚型，\n\n04:33.126 --> 04:34.776\n第一点是急性鼻炎。\n\n04:35.026 --> 04:35.950\n急性鼻炎呢，\n\n04:35.950 --> 04:37.325\n通常由病毒引起，\n\n04:37.425 --> 04:40.226\n包括症状包括鼻塞流涕，\n\n04:40.325 --> 04:42.776\n通常在一周内就是治愈了。\n\n04:43.026 --> 04:43.425\n嗯，\n\n04:43.575 --> 04:45.226\n第二个是慢性鼻炎。\n\n04:45.376 --> 04:46.401\n慢性鼻炎呢，\n\n04:46.401 --> 04:49.476\n可能由于长期环境刺激或感染引起，\n\n04:49.626 --> 04:52.476\n表现为持续性的鼻塞和流涕。\n\n04:52.825 --> 04:53.626\n第三个呢，\n\n04:53.626 --> 04:54.675\n职业性鼻炎，\n\n04:54.776 --> 04:55.851\n职业性鼻炎呢，\n\n04:55.851 --> 04:59.325\n就由于长期接触特定职业环境中的刺激物。\n\n04:59.425 --> 05:00.175\n或者过。\n\n05:00.239 --> 05:01.940\n过敏源导致的鼻炎。\n\n05:04.026 --> 05:04.175\n那么，\n\n05:04.175 --> 05:08.401\n非炎症性的非特非特异性变异性鼻炎的特点呢，\n\n05:08.401 --> 05:11.626\n是一个非变异性鼻炎的定义。\n\n05:11.776 --> 05:16.425\n非变异性鼻炎是一种不伴有明显炎症反应的鼻部疾病。\n\n05:16.526 --> 05:20.526\n鼻部的一个疾病常表现为鼻塞流涕等症状。\n\n05:20.825 --> 05:24.526\n第二个非变异性鼻炎的病理特征，\n\n05:24.526 --> 05:26.101\n非变异性鼻炎的患者呢，\n\n05:26.101 --> 05:28.776\n鼻粘膜无明显的炎症细胞浸润，\n\n05:28.876 --> 05:32.075\n但可能有组织肥大或粘液分泌异常。\n\n05:33.653 --> 05:35.903\n第三个非变异性鼻炎的诊断，\n\n05:36.053 --> 05:39.102\n诊断非变异性通常依赖于症状和体征，\n\n05:39.203 --> 05:44.303\n有时需要鼻内镜检查和鼻粘膜活检来排除其他的疾疾病。\n\n05:45.157 --> 05:47.157\n那么非变异性鼻炎的治疗策略，\n\n05:47.207 --> 05:51.057\n治疗非变异性鼻炎主要针对症状缓解，\n\n05:51.207 --> 05:55.807\n如使用抗组胺药、鼻腔冲洗和脱敏治疗等等，\n\n05:55.807 --> 05:58.006\n但不涉及抗炎治疗。\n\n06:03.579 --> 06:03.704\n嗯，\n\n06:03.704 --> 06:06.428\n非变异型那个鼻炎的治疗方法。\n\n06:09.036 --> 06:09.411\n第一个呢，\n\n06:09.411 --> 06:10.686\n是药物治疗。\n\n06:10.735 --> 06:12.885\n首先选用的抗组胺药物。\n\n06:12.985 --> 06:15.460\n使用非处方的抗组胺药物，\n\n06:15.460 --> 06:16.786\n如西替利嗪，\n\n06:16.936 --> 06:21.786\n可缓解鼻炎引起的一个打喷嚏、流鼻涕等等相关症状。\n\n06:23.917 --> 06:23.993\n嗯，\n\n06:23.993 --> 06:24.967\n第二个是。\n\n06:26.330 --> 06:29.180\n皮鼻用的一个皮质类固醇的一个喷雾，\n\n06:29.430 --> 06:31.480\n鼻用皮质类固醇喷雾剂呢，\n\n06:31.480 --> 06:36.381\n如氟替卡松能有效减轻鼻粘膜的炎症和过敏的一个反应。\n\n06:36.531 --> 06:37.330\n第三个呢，\n\n06:37.330 --> 06:38.580\n是脱敏治疗，\n\n06:38.680 --> 06:41.230\n通过逐渐增加过敏原剂量，\n\n06:41.281 --> 06:44.230\n使患者对特定过敏原产生耐受，\n\n06:44.381 --> 06:46.830\n以减少过敏症状的一个发作。\n\n06:47.632 --> 06:47.808\n那么，\n\n06:47.808 --> 06:51.333\n鼻腔冲洗方法第一个是使用生理盐水。\n\n06:51.583 --> 06:51.933\n嗯，\n\n06:51.933 --> 06:54.458\n通过鼻腔冲洗使用生理盐水呢，\n\n06:54.458 --> 06:57.733\n可有效的清除鼻腔内的过敏原和分泌物，\n\n06:57.882 --> 06:59.882\n来缓解鼻炎的一个症状。\n\n07:00.627 --> 07:01.102\n第二个呢，\n\n07:01.102 --> 07:02.877\n是高压冲洗器的使用。\n\n07:03.227 --> 07:04.352\n高压冲洗器呢，\n\n07:04.352 --> 07:06.428\n可以提供温和而有效的冲洗，\n\n07:06.627 --> 07:10.053\n帮助减少鼻腔内的炎症和肿胀啊，\n\n07:10.053 --> 07:11.127\n改善呼吸。\n\n07:11.278 --> 07:12.127\n第三个呢，\n\n07:12.127 --> 07:15.328\n是我们来了解一下鼻腔冲洗的频频率。\n\n07:15.477 --> 07:17.278\n根据个人的一个情况呢，\n\n07:17.328 --> 07:20.377\n鼻腔冲洗可以每天进行一次或者多次，\n\n07:20.578 --> 07:22.803\n以保持鼻腔清洁啊，\n\n07:22.803 --> 07:25.528\n预防非变异性鼻炎的一个症状的一个恶化。\n\n07:28.851 --> 07:30.252\n手术治疗的一个适应症，\n\n07:30.402 --> 07:32.201\n一个是结构性鼻塞。\n\n07:32.252 --> 07:33.377\n结构性鼻塞呢，\n\n07:33.377 --> 07:37.252\n比方说我们拍片子能够明确的看到有鼻中隔偏曲，\n\n07:37.502 --> 07:40.601\n是手术治疗非变异性鼻炎的一个适应症之一。\n\n07:40.701 --> 07:42.527\n第二个是鼻息肉啊，\n\n07:42.527 --> 07:43.201\n鼻息肉呢，\n\n07:43.201 --> 07:45.552\n导致持续性的鼻塞和呼吸困难，\n\n07:45.552 --> 07:47.302\n通常需要手术的切除。\n\n07:47.601 --> 07:48.326\n第三个呢，\n\n07:48.326 --> 07:49.402\n是慢性鼻窦炎，\n\n07:49.601 --> 07:51.302\n长期的慢性鼻窦炎，\n\n07:51.351 --> 07:52.902\n药物治疗无效时呢，\n\n07:52.902 --> 07:55.152\n手术可作为选择治疗，\n\n07:55.152 --> 07:56.152\n以开放鼻窦。\n\n07:56.252 --> 07:56.652\n嗯，\n\n07:56.652 --> 07:59.052\n鼻窦那个更好。\n\n07:59.134 --> 07:59.308\n好的，\n\n07:59.308 --> 07:59.683\n引流。\n\n07:59.933 --> 08:00.709\n第四个呢，\n\n08:00.709 --> 08:02.134\n是鼻腔解剖的异常。\n\n08:02.334 --> 08:03.908\n鼻腔解剖结构异常，\n\n08:03.908 --> 08:05.433\n如鼻甲的肥大，\n\n08:05.533 --> 08:07.033\n可能需要手术矫正，\n\n08:07.033 --> 08:08.334\n以改善通气。\n\n08:12.588 --> 08:12.688\n嗯，\n\n08:12.688 --> 08:13.539\n第五个呢，\n\n08:13.539 --> 08:16.938\n是了解一下非变异性鼻炎治疗的一些药物。\n\n08:16.938 --> 08:17.338\n嗯，\n\n08:17.438 --> 08:20.239\n首先常见的就是鼻用的一个糖皮质激素。\n\n08:20.901 --> 08:22.226\n它的作用机制是什么呢？\n\n08:22.226 --> 08:23.751\n是鼻用糖皮质激素呢，\n\n08:23.751 --> 08:26.751\n是通过抗炎作用减轻鼻炎的症状，\n\n08:26.800 --> 08:29.050\n降低鼻粘膜的炎症反应。\n\n08:29.501 --> 08:29.901\n嗯，\n\n08:29.901 --> 08:33.851\n常见的药物种类有些如果如氟替卡松啊，\n\n08:33.851 --> 08:37.776\n布地奈德等等的是治疗非变异性鼻炎的常用的啊。\n\n08:37.776 --> 08:40.325\n鼻用糖皮质激素类的一个药物啊，\n\n08:40.325 --> 08:40.875\n通常呢，\n\n08:40.875 --> 08:44.000\n是建议患者按照医嘱定时定量的使用，\n\n08:44.000 --> 08:46.851\n以确保药物在鼻腔内分布均匀。\n\n08:47.200 --> 08:48.601\n那么潜在的副作用呢，\n\n08:48.601 --> 08:50.176\n因为可以需要长期使用呢，\n\n08:50.176 --> 08:51.101\n可能导致鼻。\n\n08:51.174 --> 08:55.924\n腔的干燥出血等副作用需要医生指导下面再使用。\n\n08:56.374 --> 08:56.848\n那么，\n\n08:56.848 --> 08:57.398\n第二个呢，\n\n08:57.398 --> 08:59.124\n是鼻用的一个抗组胺药物，\n\n08:59.223 --> 09:01.223\n也是局部使用抗组胺药。\n\n09:01.323 --> 09:01.648\n嗯，\n\n09:01.648 --> 09:02.973\n鼻用抗组胺药物呢，\n\n09:02.973 --> 09:08.874\n如阿阿扎斯特喷雾可直接作用于鼻腔缓解过敏性鼻炎的一个症状。\n\n09:09.273 --> 09:10.223\n这类药物呢，\n\n09:10.223 --> 09:15.924\n能够有效的减减轻鼻塞流涕等非变异性鼻炎患者的常见症状，\n\n09:16.124 --> 09:17.573\n提高生活质量。\n\n09:20.216 --> 09:23.767\n快速缓解作用就是比用的抗组胺药物呢，\n\n09:23.767 --> 09:25.817\n通常具有快速起效的特点，\n\n09:25.867 --> 09:29.466\n适用于需要即刻缓解症状的患者。\n\n09:31.474 --> 09:31.950\n第三个呢，\n\n09:31.950 --> 09:34.025\n是不用抗胆碱能的药物。\n\n09:35.382 --> 09:36.581\n一个阿托品的使用，\n\n09:36.632 --> 09:37.307\n阿托品呢，\n\n09:37.307 --> 09:39.481\n是一种鼻用的抗胆碱的药物，\n\n09:39.531 --> 09:41.682\n通过阻断副交感神经作用，\n\n09:41.682 --> 09:43.182\n减少鼻腔分泌物。\n\n09:45.336 --> 09:49.661\n一丙托溴铵是另一种常用的鼻用抗阻抗胆碱能药物，\n\n09:49.711 --> 09:51.512\n主要用于缓解鼻塞症状，\n\n09:51.611 --> 09:52.762\n改善呼吸。\n\n09:53.012 --> 09:53.461\n那么，\n\n09:53.461 --> 09:54.387\n药物的副作用呢，\n\n09:54.387 --> 09:57.937\n也就是使用鼻用抗抗胆碱的药物时呢，\n\n09:57.937 --> 09:59.262\n可能会出现口干啊，\n\n09:59.262 --> 10:00.711\n头痛等等副作用，\n\n10:00.711 --> 10:02.887\n也需要在医生的指导下啊，\n\n10:02.887 --> 10:03.562\n使用。\n\n10:04.877 --> 10:07.528\n那么非变异性鼻炎的一个治疗的建议。\n\n10:08.263 --> 10:08.388\n嗯，\n\n10:08.388 --> 10:11.963\n一个是短程口服皮质类固醇。\n\n10:12.312 --> 10:12.963\n首先呢，\n\n10:12.963 --> 10:15.562\n是要选用合适的选择合适的一个药物。\n\n10:15.562 --> 10:16.038\n那么，\n\n10:16.038 --> 10:17.538\n根据患者具体情况，\n\n10:17.538 --> 10:20.812\n选择短程口服皮质类固醇，\n\n10:20.812 --> 10:21.937\n如泼尼松啊，\n\n10:21.937 --> 10:23.763\n以减少鼻炎的一个症状。\n\n10:24.403 --> 10:25.877\n用药剂量和疗程方面呢，\n\n10:25.877 --> 10:28.653\n是治疗治疗短短程治疗呢，\n\n10:28.653 --> 10:30.252\n通常需要几天至几周。\n\n10:30.453 --> 10:30.853\n那么，\n\n10:30.853 --> 10:34.252\n患医生会根据病情的轻重调整剂量和疗程。\n\n10:34.653 --> 10:35.103\n那么，\n\n10:35.103 --> 10:36.427\n监测副作用啊，\n\n10:36.427 --> 10:39.228\n使用短程的那个口服皮质类固醇时呢，\n\n10:39.228 --> 10:41.002\n需监测可能出现的副作用。\n\n10:41.203 --> 10:41.627\n那么，\n\n10:41.627 --> 10:43.828\n如果如体重的增加呀，\n\n10:43.828 --> 10:45.302\n血压的升高等等。\n\n10:45.906 --> 10:46.080\n那么，\n\n10:46.080 --> 10:47.306\n评估治疗的效果，\n\n10:47.606 --> 10:48.656\n治疗期间呢，\n\n10:48.656 --> 10:51.505\n应定期评估症状改善情况，\n\n10:51.556 --> 10:54.955\n以决定是否需要调整那个治疗方案。\n\n10:56.806 --> 10:57.056\n嗯，\n\n10:57.205 --> 10:57.806\n然后呢，\n\n10:57.806 --> 11:00.606\n接下来是有一个免疫调节剂的一个使用。\n\n11:00.806 --> 11:01.106\n嗯，\n\n11:01.106 --> 11:01.630\n第一个呢，\n\n11:01.630 --> 11:03.255\n是皮质类固醇喷雾剂。\n\n11:03.406 --> 11:05.156\n皮质类固醇喷雾剂呢，\n\n11:05.156 --> 11:07.580\n可以减轻鼻炎的症状，\n\n11:07.580 --> 11:09.130\n如鼻塞呀，\n\n11:09.130 --> 11:09.806\n流涕呀，\n\n11:09.806 --> 11:12.205\n是治疗非变异性鼻炎的一个常用药物。\n\n11:12.306 --> 11:12.606\n嗯，\n\n11:12.606 --> 11:13.205\n第二个呢，\n\n11:13.205 --> 11:14.580\n是抗组胺药物。\n\n11:14.580 --> 11:18.406\n用抗组胺药物能有效的缓解过敏性鼻炎的症状，\n\n11:18.406 --> 11:20.806\n减少打喷嚏和流鼻涕，\n\n11:20.806 --> 11:22.556\n改善的一个生活治疗方法，\n\n11:22.705 --> 11:24.005\n那么免疫疗法呢，\n\n11:24.005 --> 11:27.005\n主要是通过逐渐增加过敏原。\n\n11:27.065 --> 11:27.515\n的剂量，\n\n11:27.565 --> 11:30.815\n帮助患者建立对特定过敏原的一个耐受性，\n\n11:30.916 --> 11:34.166\n以来减少一些过敏性的反应。\n\n11:36.406 --> 11:36.481\n嗯，\n\n11:36.481 --> 11:39.507\n我们接下来了解一下鼻腔冲洗的一个注意事项。\n\n11:39.606 --> 11:39.956\n嗯，\n\n11:39.956 --> 11:40.456\n一个呢，\n\n11:40.456 --> 11:42.831\n是选择合适的一个冲洗液，\n\n11:42.831 --> 11:45.757\n使用生理盐水或者专门的鼻腔冲洗液，\n\n11:45.757 --> 11:48.906\n避免使用自来水以减少感染的风险。\n\n11:49.007 --> 11:49.682\n第二个呢，\n\n11:49.682 --> 11:51.406\n是掌握正确的冲洗方法，\n\n11:51.557 --> 11:54.057\n确保冲洗时头部适当倾斜。\n\n11:54.356 --> 11:54.757\n嗯，\n\n11:54.757 --> 11:55.856\n水温温和，\n\n11:56.007 --> 11:56.906\n水流温和，\n\n11:56.906 --> 11:59.406\n避免用力过猛导致鼻腔的一个损伤。\n\n11:59.656 --> 12:00.057\n那么，\n\n12:00.057 --> 12:01.132\n注意冲洗的频率，\n\n12:01.132 --> 12:04.156\n一般进行每建议是每日一到两次，\n\n12:04.356 --> 12:06.406\n避免过度冲洗引起。\n\n12:06.677 --> 12:07.728\n鼻腔的一个干燥。\n\n12:11.260 --> 12:11.484\n嗯，\n\n12:11.484 --> 12:12.159\n最后呢，\n\n12:12.159 --> 12:13.835\n我们来总结一下啊，\n\n12:13.835 --> 12:15.859\n非变异性鼻炎的一个相关。\n\n12:15.859 --> 12:16.909\n最后总结一下，\n\n12:17.010 --> 12:17.534\n一个呢，\n\n12:17.534 --> 12:19.684\n是定义非变异性鼻炎呢，\n\n12:19.684 --> 12:24.109\n是一类非过敏性因素引发的一个鼻粘膜的一个炎症症状呢，\n\n12:24.109 --> 12:25.434\n与过敏性鼻炎相似，\n\n12:25.434 --> 12:26.934\n比方说鼻塞呀，\n\n12:26.934 --> 12:27.534\n流涕呀，\n\n12:27.534 --> 12:28.510\n打喷嚏等等，\n\n12:28.510 --> 12:30.659\n但无明确的过敏原参与，\n\n12:30.659 --> 12:34.609\n且免疫球蛋白E就IGE水平是正常的。\n\n12:34.659 --> 12:37.934\n那么核心区别过敏性鼻炎由于过敏原，\n\n12:37.934 --> 12:39.034\n比方说花粉啊，\n\n12:39.034 --> 12:40.059\n尘螨触发，\n\n12:40.210 --> 12:41.460\n而非变异性鼻炎。\n\n12:41.544 --> 12:42.119\n炎的诱因呢，\n\n12:42.119 --> 12:45.443\n多为环境刺激、激素变化、药物反应等等。\n\n12:45.593 --> 12:46.018\n那么，\n\n12:46.018 --> 12:47.994\n常见的类型与病因啊，\n\n12:47.994 --> 12:49.044\n根据病因的不同，\n\n12:49.044 --> 12:50.244\n主要分为以下几类，\n\n12:50.244 --> 12:50.669\n一个呢，\n\n12:50.669 --> 12:52.593\n是血管运动性鼻炎，\n\n12:52.593 --> 12:53.968\n诱因主要是温度变化，\n\n12:53.968 --> 12:55.244\n比方说冷热交替啊，\n\n12:55.244 --> 12:57.994\n湿度变化、刺激性气味香水啊，\n\n12:57.994 --> 12:58.643\n烟雾啊，\n\n12:58.643 --> 12:59.943\n情绪波动等等。\n\n13:00.044 --> 13:00.718\n机制呢，\n\n13:00.718 --> 13:06.443\n是自主神经功能紊乱导致血鼻粘膜血管异常扩张的或收缩。\n\n13:06.744 --> 13:07.068\n嗯，\n\n13:07.068 --> 13:07.593\n第二个呢，\n\n13:07.593 --> 13:08.593\n是药物性鼻炎，\n\n13:08.643 --> 13:10.794\n长期滥用鼻用碱充血剂，\n\n13:10.794 --> 13:11.443\n如耐。\n\n13:11.539 --> 13:13.390\n甲唑啉导致反弹性鼻塞，\n\n13:13.690 --> 13:14.039\n嗯，\n\n13:14.039 --> 13:15.664\n其他的药物如降压药啊，\n\n13:15.664 --> 13:17.664\n如利血平抗抑郁药啊，\n\n13:17.664 --> 13:18.789\n避孕药等等。\n\n13:19.039 --> 13:19.390\n嗯，\n\n13:19.390 --> 13:21.289\n第三个是激素性鼻炎，\n\n13:21.340 --> 13:26.440\n妊娠期青春期甲状腺功能减退等激素波动引发的一个鼻塞。\n\n13:26.789 --> 13:29.140\n第四个是萎缩性鼻炎啊，\n\n13:29.140 --> 13:30.114\n鼻粘膜萎缩，\n\n13:30.114 --> 13:31.190\n纤毛功能退化，\n\n13:31.190 --> 13:32.989\n常见症状为鼻塞啊，\n\n13:32.989 --> 13:34.840\n鼻干结痂和恶臭。\n\n13:35.140 --> 13:35.440\n嗯，\n\n13:35.440 --> 13:35.914\n最后呢，\n\n13:35.914 --> 13:37.140\n是一个职业性鼻炎，\n\n13:37.140 --> 13:39.489\n就长期接触化学物质，\n\n13:39.489 --> 13:40.340\n如甲醛啊，\n\n13:40.340 --> 13:41.090\n粉尘啊。\n\n13:41.559 --> 13:42.059\n冷空气啊，\n\n13:42.059 --> 13:44.234\n或物理刺激如木屑啊，\n\n13:44.234 --> 13:46.184\n金属颗粒等等啊，\n\n13:46.184 --> 13:46.710\n以上呢，\n\n13:46.710 --> 13:49.760\n是这几个非变性鼻炎常见的一个分类。\n\n13:49.909 --> 13:50.309\n那么，\n\n13:50.309 --> 13:52.159\n典型症状方一个是鼻塞，\n\n13:52.309 --> 13:52.635\n嗯，\n\n13:52.635 --> 13:54.659\n就是单侧的或者交替性的。\n\n13:54.659 --> 13:55.234\n第二个呢，\n\n13:55.234 --> 13:57.559\n清水样或者粘液性的一个鼻涕。\n\n13:58.265 --> 13:58.715\n第三个呢，\n\n13:58.715 --> 13:59.690\n是后鼻滴漏，\n\n13:59.690 --> 14:01.815\n就是鼻涕倒流到咽喉里面去。\n\n14:01.965 --> 14:02.364\n嗯，\n\n14:02.715 --> 14:03.489\n第五个呢，\n\n14:03.489 --> 14:04.765\n是一个嗅觉的减退。\n\n14:04.864 --> 14:05.539\n最后呢，\n\n14:05.539 --> 14:07.114\n是无伴随过敏的症状，\n\n14:07.114 --> 14:08.890\n就是他没有什么眼睛痒啊，\n\n14:08.890 --> 14:09.715\n皮疹啊，\n\n14:09.765 --> 14:10.515\n哮喘啊，\n\n14:10.515 --> 14:11.515\n喘息等等。\n\n14:11.815 --> 14:13.614\n那么在诊断方法方面呢，\n\n14:13.614 --> 14:13.940\n一个呢，\n\n14:13.940 --> 14:15.364\n是排除过敏因素，\n\n14:15.864 --> 14:19.539\n皮肤点实验血清特异性IGE检测呢，\n\n14:19.539 --> 14:20.465\n均为阴性的。\n\n14:20.515 --> 14:23.815\n那么鼻内镜检查就是要观察鼻粘膜的一个状态，\n\n14:23.914 --> 14:26.015\n如苍白、水肿啊、充血啊，\n\n14:26.015 --> 14:26.765\n或者萎缩。\n\n14:27.396 --> 14:28.497\n影像学检查方面呢，\n\n14:28.497 --> 14:29.846\n是CT或者核磁共振呢，\n\n14:29.846 --> 14:32.572\n要排除鼻窦炎、鼻息肉等器质性的一个病变。\n\n14:32.971 --> 14:36.822\n那么在病史采集方面的一个重点询问药物的使用时啊，\n\n14:36.822 --> 14:37.747\n职业暴露啊，\n\n14:37.747 --> 14:39.796\n触发症状触发因素等等。\n\n14:39.796 --> 14:41.322\n那么在治疗与管理方面呢，\n\n14:41.322 --> 14:46.572\n一个是避免诱因远离刺激性气味温度骤变环境停用啊，\n\n14:46.572 --> 14:47.971\n诱发的药物啊，\n\n14:47.971 --> 14:48.721\n主要药物方面，\n\n14:48.721 --> 14:54.596\n主要是通过一个鼻用糖皮质激素如布地奈德来减轻黏膜的炎症啊。\n\n14:54.596 --> 14:57.372\n抗组胺药物如氮唑斯汀比喷剂来缓解。\n\n14:57.588 --> 14:57.963\n流涕啊，\n\n14:57.963 --> 14:58.687\n喷嚏呀，\n\n14:58.838 --> 14:59.187\n嗯，\n\n14:59.187 --> 15:01.700\n抗胆碱药比那个好，\n\n15:01.700 --> 15:03.987\n比如异丙托溴铵等等，\n\n15:03.987 --> 15:05.788\n减少溴清水样鼻涕。\n\n15:05.937 --> 15:06.338\n那么，\n\n15:06.338 --> 15:07.663\n生理性海水的一个冲洗，\n\n15:07.663 --> 15:10.788\n主要是起到一个清洁鼻腔卡塞粘膜功能啊。\n\n15:10.788 --> 15:11.088\n最后，\n\n15:11.088 --> 15:13.263\n那一个手术治疗就是适用于结构性异常，\n\n15:13.263 --> 15:15.112\n比如说鼻中隔偏啊，\n\n15:15.112 --> 15:18.538\n或者药物无效者下鼻甲射频消融等等的手术。\n\n15:20.099 --> 15:21.275\n那么在预防建议方面呢，\n\n15:21.275 --> 15:24.224\n是避免长期使用鼻用减充血剂啊，\n\n15:24.224 --> 15:26.174\n就是连续要小于七天啊，\n\n15:26.174 --> 15:29.099\n佩戴口腔口罩预防冷空气或者粉尘。\n\n15:29.099 --> 15:30.775\n那么增强体质啊，\n\n15:30.775 --> 15:31.875\n适度的运动啊，\n\n15:31.875 --> 15:32.825\n补充维生素啊，\n\n15:32.825 --> 15:34.650\n减少或者感冒诱发因素。\n\n15:34.650 --> 15:35.375\n然后最后呢，\n\n15:35.375 --> 15:37.049\n是定期的一个复查复查，\n\n15:37.049 --> 15:38.674\n因为那个鼻炎呢，\n\n15:38.674 --> 15:40.174\n就是那种非变异性鼻炎呢，\n\n15:40.174 --> 15:42.650\n需要长期的一个保湿护理啊，\n\n15:42.650 --> 15:43.500\n职业性的鼻炎呢，\n\n15:43.500 --> 15:45.750\n建议调整一个工作的环境等等。\n\n15:45.900 --> 15:46.299\n好，\n\n15:46.450 --> 15:47.299\n以上以上呢，\n\n15:47.299 --> 15:48.450\n是我今天的分享，\n\n15:48.450 --> 15:49.250\n谢谢大家。\n\n","v0347cg10004d60lq82ljht06si9d3ag",950,836,"2026-01-24 19:25:34","非变异性鼻炎症状、原因与治疗方法 - 全面解析  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