WEBVTT00:00:08.640 --> 00:00:11.420慢阻肺与支气管哮喘治疗00:00:17.840 --> 00:00:20.020首先有疾病概述00:00:20.200 --> 00:00:23.440治疗原则药物进药物治疗00:00:23.440 --> 00:00:24.740非药物治疗00:00:25.120 --> 00:00:28.500并发症处理患者教育与管理00:00:30.760 --> 00:00:33.300首先讲一下疾病概述00:00:35.680 --> 00:00:39.140慢阻肺与支气管哮喘的定义00:00:41.080 --> 00:00:42.220疾病概念00:00:45.320 --> 00:00:47.360半阻肺是一种以持续00:00:47.360 --> 00:00:50.660气流受限为特征的慢性肺部疾病00:00:51.160 --> 00:00:52.600通常由吸烟00:00:52.600 --> 00:00:56.620空气污染等有害颗粒或者气体引起00:00:56.880 --> 00:00:58.080支气管哮喘00:00:58.080 --> 00:00:59.840则是一种以气道炎症00:00:59.840 --> 00:01:02.460和气道高反应性为特征的00:01:02.480 --> 00:01:04.060慢性呼吸道疾病00:01:04.200 --> 00:01:08.140表现为反复发作的喘息气促00:01:08.360 --> 00:01:10.020胸闷和咳嗽00:01:11.800 --> 00:01:14.920疾病特点慢阻肺的特点是慢性00:01:14.920 --> 00:01:15.960进展性的00:01:15.960 --> 00:01:19.580表现为呼吸困难咳嗽痰多等症状00:01:19.800 --> 00:01:22.620支气管哮喘的特点就是发作性00:01:22.720 --> 00:01:25.300症状在夜间或者凌晨加重00:01:25.600 --> 00:01:29.420可有过敏源运动冷空气等因素触发00:01:30.200 --> 00:01:34.820疾病分类慢阻肺可以分为轻度中度00:01:34.960 --> 00:01:37.220重度和极重度四个阶段00:01:37.640 --> 00:01:39.600根据气流受限的程度00:01:39.600 --> 00:01:41.560和症状的严重性00:01:41.560 --> 00:01:42.660进行分类00:01:43.120 --> 00:01:46.220支气管哮喘则根据发作的频率00:01:46.440 --> 00:01:49.360症状严重程度和肺功能的情况00:01:49.360 --> 00:01:53.120分为间歇性轻度和中度至重度00:01:53.120 --> 00:01:54.340持续性哮喘00:01:55.600 --> 00:01:56.520疾病的危害00:01:56.520 --> 00:01:58.400慢阻肺和支气管哮喘00:01:58.400 --> 00:02:01.180都会严重的影响患者的生活质量00:02:01.480 --> 00:02:03.520甚至导致呼吸衰竭00:02:03.520 --> 00:02:05.900肺心病等严重并发症00:02:06.000 --> 00:02:07.620增加死亡风险00:02:10.320 --> 00:02:11.620疾病的成因00:02:13.200 --> 00:02:16.040常见的诱因环境因素00:02:16.040 --> 00:02:21.240如大气污染气候变化过敏原暴露等00:02:21.240 --> 00:02:22.840都是诱发和加剧00:02:22.840 --> 00:02:26.100慢阻肺和支气管哮喘的重要因素00:02:26.720 --> 00:02:27.820遗传因素00:02:28.000 --> 00:02:31.080常见的慢阻肺和支气管哮喘的诱因00:02:31.080 --> 00:02:32.540包括吸烟00:02:32.920 --> 00:02:34.220职业暴露00:02:34.520 --> 00:02:37.860室内外空气污染呼吸道感染等00:02:38.560 --> 00:02:39.580环境因素00:02:40.440 --> 00:02:41.040其他因素00:02:41.040 --> 00:02:42.560包括年龄00:02:42.560 --> 00:02:46.220性别社会经济状况饮食习惯等00:02:46.360 --> 00:02:47.200也可能影响00:02:47.200 --> 00:02:49.740慢阻肺和支气管哮喘的发病00:02:50.240 --> 00:02:51.420其他因素00:02:51.920 --> 00:02:52.920遗传因素00:02:52.920 --> 00:02:55.520在慢阻肺和支气管哮喘的发病中00:02:55.520 --> 00:02:56.800起着重要作用00:02:56.800 --> 00:02:59.260如家族史基因变异等00:03:01.320 --> 00:03:04.860疾病诊断一症状观察00:03:05.080 --> 00:03:07.740体征检查包括听诊呼吸音00:03:07.760 --> 00:03:09.340观察胸廓运动00:03:09.960 --> 00:03:11.680检查呼吸频率等00:03:11.680 --> 00:03:14.620以评估患者呼吸系统的状况00:03:14.840 --> 00:03:16.300二体征检查00:03:17.200 --> 00:03:18.240鉴别诊断00:03:18.240 --> 00:03:18.680是为了00:03:18.680 --> 00:03:22.040排除其他可能导致类似症状的疾病00:03:22.040 --> 00:03:25.980如心力衰竭气管支气管炎肺癌等00:03:27.920 --> 00:03:29.040辅助检查00:03:29.040 --> 00:03:29.880症状观察00:03:29.880 --> 00:03:32.240是诊断慢阻肺和支气管哮喘00:03:32.240 --> 00:03:33.420的重要步骤00:03:33.720 --> 00:03:38.260包括呼吸困难咳嗽痰多喘息等00:03:38.720 --> 00:03:42.300鉴别诊断辅助检查包括肺功能测试00:03:42.440 --> 00:03:46.660胸部x光片血常规过敏原检测等00:03:47.000 --> 00:03:50.580有助于确诊和评估疾病的严重程度00:03:52.600 --> 00:03:54.300第2项治疗原则00:03:55.400 --> 00:03:59.740治疗目标治疗目标一是控制症状00:04:00.240 --> 00:04:00.960控制症状00:04:00.960 --> 00:04:03.280是慢阻肺与支气管哮喘00:04:03.280 --> 00:04:04.900治疗的首要目标00:04:05.560 --> 00:04:09.420包括减轻呼吸困难喘息胸闷等症状00:04:10.520 --> 00:04:11.240使患者00:04:11.240 --> 00:04:14.620能够维持正常的生活和工作状态00:04:14.880 --> 00:04:17.680通过合理的药物治疗和非药物治疗00:04:17.680 --> 00:04:19.740可以有效的控制这些症状00:04:20.040 --> 00:04:21.820提高患者的生活质量00:04:22.720 --> 00:04:23.820预防发作00:04:24.040 --> 00:04:27.040预防发作是治疗过程中的关键环节00:04:27.040 --> 00:04:27.440旨在00:04:27.440 --> 00:04:30.500减少急性发作后的次数和严重程度00:04:31.000 --> 00:04:32.200避免因为发作00:04:32.200 --> 00:04:34.460导致的紧急就医和住院00:04:34.880 --> 00:04:36.880通过避免触发因素00:04:36.880 --> 00:04:38.760合理性用药健康教育00:04:38.760 --> 00:04:41.700可以显著的降低发病的风险00:04:43.400 --> 00:04:45.100三改善生活质量00:04:45.760 --> 00:04:46.760改善生活质量00:04:46.760 --> 00:04:48.920是治疗慢阻肺与支气管哮喘00:04:48.920 --> 00:04:50.620的重要目标之一00:04:51.080 --> 00:04:53.580包括提高患者的活动耐力00:04:53.680 --> 00:04:56.460减少日常生活中限制和不适00:04:56.640 --> 00:04:59.700以及提高提升心理和社会能力00:04:59.840 --> 00:05:02.320通过综合治疗和康复训练00:05:02.320 --> 00:05:05.360患者可以更好地参与社会活动00:05:05.360 --> 00:05:06.500享受生活00:05:07.600 --> 00:05:08.980减少并发症00:05:09.400 --> 00:05:10.240减少并发症00:05:10.240 --> 00:05:12.980是治疗过程中不可忽视的一部分00:05:13.200 --> 00:05:16.680因为并发症可能导致病情恶化00:05:16.680 --> 00:05:18.100增加治疗难度00:05:18.320 --> 00:05:20.520通过积极治疗原发病00:05:20.520 --> 00:05:23.380控制症状和预防感染等措施00:05:23.440 --> 00:05:25.260可以减少肺气肿00:05:25.280 --> 00:05:27.460肺心病等并发症的发生00:05:29.960 --> 00:05:32.060治疗方法有药物治疗00:05:32.080 --> 00:05:33.260非药物治疗00:05:33.560 --> 00:05:35.820综合治疗以及个体化治疗00:05:36.280 --> 00:05:37.280药物治疗00:05:37.280 --> 00:05:40.460是慢阻肺与支气管哮喘治疗的基础00:05:40.880 --> 00:05:42.620包括吸入性药物00:05:42.640 --> 00:05:44.700口服药物和注射药物00:05:45.720 --> 00:05:48.680这些药物可以缓解气道炎症00:05:48.680 --> 00:05:50.020扩张支气管00:05:50.160 --> 00:05:51.780减少粘液分泌00:05:52.040 --> 00:05:55.220从而有效的控制症状和预防发作00:05:55.800 --> 00:05:58.040非药物治疗是综合治疗00:05:58.040 --> 00:05:58.840是指00:05:58.960 --> 00:06:01.560将药物治疗和非药物治疗相结合00:06:01.560 --> 00:06:04.220制定个体化的治疗方案00:06:04.960 --> 00:06:06.280这种方案方法00:06:06.280 --> 00:06:09.380可以更好地满足患者的特定需求00:06:09.880 --> 00:06:11.600实现症状控制00:06:11.600 --> 00:06:14.500和生活质量改善的双重目标00:06:15.920 --> 00:06:18.900非药物治疗包括呼吸康复00:06:19.080 --> 00:06:21.900饮食调理和运动治疗指导00:06:22.680 --> 00:06:26.100这些方法可以帮助患者改善肺功能00:06:26.280 --> 00:06:28.780增强体质和减少症状00:06:29.600 --> 00:06:32.440非药物治疗是药物治疗的有益补充00:06:32.440 --> 00:06:35.120对于提高治疗效果和生活质量00:06:35.120 --> 00:06:36.420具有重要意义00:06:36.840 --> 00:06:40.200个体化治疗是根据患者的病情体质00:06:40.200 --> 00:06:41.900生活方式等因素00:06:42.200 --> 00:06:44.780为其量身定制的治疗方案00:06:45.240 --> 00:06:46.560这种治疗方法00:06:46.560 --> 00:06:49.300充分考虑了患者的个体差异00:06:50.160 --> 00:06:53.980能够提供更加精准和有效的治疗00:06:56.280 --> 00:07:00.380治疗策略一急性期治疗00:07:00.560 --> 00:07:02.340二稳定期治疗00:07:02.600 --> 00:07:05.280第三并发症的处理第四00:07:05.280 --> 00:07:06.300治疗评估00:07:07.400 --> 00:07:08.320急性期治疗00:07:08.320 --> 00:07:11.400是针对慢阻肺和支气管哮喘00:07:11.400 --> 00:07:13.540急性发作期的治疗策略00:07:14.400 --> 00:07:17.100主要包括快速缓解症状00:07:17.440 --> 00:07:18.360防止病情00:07:18.360 --> 00:07:21.980恶化纠正缺氧和二氧化碳储留等00:07:22.480 --> 00:07:24.460治疗措施包括吸氧00:07:24.840 --> 00:07:28.300使用支气管扩张剂和糖鼻拭激素等00:07:28.960 --> 00:07:30.180稳定期治疗00:07:30.720 --> 00:07:31.840稳定期治疗00:07:31.840 --> 00:07:35.380是指在患者症状稳定期进行的治疗00:07:35.440 --> 00:07:38.040旨在维持症状控制00:07:38.040 --> 00:07:41.060防止病情进展和减少并发症00:07:41.520 --> 00:07:44.820治疗措施包括长期使用控制性药物00:07:45.000 --> 00:07:49.420定期监测和评估以及健康教育等00:07:50.480 --> 00:07:51.800并发症的处理00:07:51.800 --> 00:07:55.100是指治疗过程中不可忽视的部分00:07:55.280 --> 00:07:59.820包括及时发现并治疗肺气肿肺心病00:08:00.000 --> 00:08:02.100呼吸衰竭等并发症00:08:02.880 --> 00:08:04.500通过药物治疗00:08:04.560 --> 00:08:07.340康复训练和健康教育等手段00:08:07.600 --> 00:08:10.620可以减少并发症对生活质量的影响00:08:11.440 --> 00:08:14.300治疗评估是治疗过程中重要环节00:08:14.520 --> 00:08:16.620用于评估治疗效果00:08:16.960 --> 00:08:20.780调整治疗方案和监测病情变化00:08:21.120 --> 00:08:23.840通过定期评估患者的症状00:08:23.840 --> 00:08:26.260肺功能和生活质量等指标00:08:26.440 --> 00:08:27.520可以保00:08:27.520 --> 00:08:30.700确保治疗方案的合理性和有效性00:08:33.400 --> 00:08:36.060下面是药物治疗药物分类00:08:36.880 --> 00:08:39.500药物分类有一吸入性药物00:08:39.600 --> 00:08:42.220口服药物注射药物00:08:42.240 --> 00:08:43.340中药治疗00:08:44.360 --> 00:08:45.440吸入性药物00:08:45.440 --> 00:08:46.360主要包括00:08:46.360 --> 00:08:49.380吸入性激素和支气管扩张剂00:08:50.080 --> 00:08:53.140这类药物直接作用于呼吸道00:08:53.160 --> 00:08:55.300起效快副作用小00:08:56.000 --> 00:09:00.000常用的吸入型药物有贝氯米松沙丁00:09:00.000 --> 00:09:02.800鹌鹑等他们能够迅速的缓解00:09:02.800 --> 00:09:04.500呼吸困难等症状00:09:05.280 --> 00:09:06.160口服药物00:09:06.160 --> 00:09:09.320适用于中度到重度的慢阻肺00:09:09.320 --> 00:09:11.180和支气管哮喘患者00:09:11.560 --> 00:09:14.160这类药物包括激素类药物00:09:14.160 --> 00:09:15.540茶碱类药物00:09:15.920 --> 00:09:18.200口服激素如泼尼松00:09:18.200 --> 00:09:20.220能够减轻气道炎症00:09:20.320 --> 00:09:21.480而茶碱类药物00:09:21.480 --> 00:09:24.940如氨茶碱则具有扩张支气管作用00:09:26.920 --> 00:09:27.120药00:09:27.120 --> 00:09:30.220注射药物通常用于急性期发作期00:09:30.400 --> 00:09:31.680或者口服药物00:09:31.680 --> 00:09:33.900无法控有效控制的病情00:09:34.200 --> 00:09:37.440常用的注射药物有肾上腺素皮质00:09:37.440 --> 00:09:38.500类固醇类00:09:39.200 --> 00:09:41.640它们能够迅速的缓解症状00:09:41.640 --> 00:09:44.780但长期使用可能会有较多的副作用00:09:45.160 --> 00:09:45.840中药治疗00:09:45.840 --> 00:09:48.280在慢阻肺和支气管哮喘的治疗中00:09:48.280 --> 00:09:49.780也占有一席之地00:09:50.240 --> 00:09:52.720中药通过整体调理00:09:52.720 --> 00:09:54.400提高机体免疫力00:09:54.400 --> 00:09:55.540缓解症状00:09:55.720 --> 00:09:59.500常用的中药有麻黄杏仁甘草等00:09:59.760 --> 00:10:02.000他们通常以复方形式存在00:10:02.000 --> 00:10:04.060以达到最佳治疗效果00:10:06.080 --> 00:10:10.120药物的作用机制有支气管扩张药00:10:10.120 --> 00:10:12.860抗过敏药糖皮质激素00:10:12.880 --> 00:10:14.380免疫调节药物00:10:15.120 --> 00:10:16.320支气管扩张药00:10:16.320 --> 00:10:18.740通过放松支气管平滑肌00:10:19.040 --> 00:10:20.660从而扩张气道00:10:20.720 --> 00:10:22.300缓解呼吸困难00:10:22.720 --> 00:10:24.800常用的支气管扩张药包括00:10:24.800 --> 00:10:26.500备胎儿受体激动剂00:10:26.600 --> 00:10:27.680如沙丁胺醇00:10:27.680 --> 00:10:31.860以及抗胆碱能药如异丙脱溴胺00:10:32.600 --> 00:10:33.480抗过敏药物00:10:33.480 --> 00:10:34.400主要作用00:10:34.400 --> 00:10:37.140主要用于治疗过敏性支气管哮喘00:10:37.480 --> 00:10:39.360它们能够抑制肥大细胞00:10:39.360 --> 00:10:40.740释放过敏介质00:10:41.160 --> 00:10:42.940减轻气道炎症00:10:43.120 --> 00:10:46.200常用的抗过敏药物有抗阻胺药物00:10:46.200 --> 00:10:48.460如菲索费纳啶00:10:48.560 --> 00:10:52.660以及肥大细胞膜稳定剂如色甘酸钠00:10:54.080 --> 00:10:55.720糖皮质类激素00:10:55.720 --> 00:10:58.060能够抑制气道炎症反应00:10:58.560 --> 00:11:00.860减少炎症介质的释放00:11:01.120 --> 00:11:04.660从而简称减轻气道肿胀和炎症00:11:05.160 --> 00:11:07.740常用的糖皮质激素有普尼松00:11:07.840 --> 00:11:09.060贝氯米松等00:11:09.360 --> 00:11:12.700他们对于控制慢性炎症有显著效果00:11:13.200 --> 00:11:14.560免疫调节类药物00:11:14.560 --> 00:11:16.860能够调整患者的免疫系统00:11:16.960 --> 00:11:19.300减少气道炎症反应00:11:19.680 --> 00:11:23.860这类药物包括环孢素甲氨蝶呤等00:11:24.400 --> 00:11:26.440它们适用于对传统治疗00:11:26.440 --> 00:11:28.020反应不佳的患者00:11:28.920 --> 00:11:32.340药物的使用方法有吸入器使用技巧00:11:33.400 --> 00:11:34.900药物剂量调整00:11:34.960 --> 00:11:37.740药物不良反应处理药物相互作用00:11:38.760 --> 00:11:40.580根据患者的病情00:11:41.000 --> 00:11:44.060医生会适时的调整药物的剂量00:11:44.440 --> 00:11:47.300在病情加重时可能增加00:11:47.760 --> 00:11:49.260可能需要增加剂量00:11:50.040 --> 00:11:52.480而在病情稳定后则可00:11:52.480 --> 00:11:53.600能减少剂量00:11:53.600 --> 00:11:55.580以降低副作用风险00:11:57.160 --> 00:12:00.340药物剂量调整在使用药物治疗时00:12:01.080 --> 00:12:03.660需要注意药物间的相互作用00:12:04.320 --> 00:12:05.240某些药物00:12:05.240 --> 00:12:07.640可能会影响到其他药物的疗效00:12:07.640 --> 00:12:10.500效果甚至产生不良反应00:12:10.800 --> 00:12:13.300医生会根据患者的药用情况00:12:13.400 --> 00:12:15.620避免潜在的药物相互作用00:12:17.040 --> 00:12:18.440药物的不良反应处理00:12:18.440 --> 00:12:20.280正确的使用吸入器00:12:20.280 --> 00:12:23.260对于药物的治疗效果至关重要00:12:23.720 --> 00:12:26.280患者应该掌握正确的吸入技巧00:12:26.280 --> 00:12:31.080包括深吸气缓慢呼气同步喷药等00:12:31.080 --> 00:12:33.820以确保药物能够充分的达到肺部00:12:34.560 --> 00:12:36.080药物的治疗过程中00:12:36.080 --> 00:12:37.680也可能出现不良反应00:12:37.680 --> 00:12:40.980如口腔真菌感染声音嘶哑等00:12:41.240 --> 00:12:42.840对于这些不良反应00:12:42.840 --> 00:12:44.980应该及时向医生反馈00:12:45.120 --> 00:12:47.460采取相应的处理措施00:12:47.840 --> 00:12:49.880如使用口腔清洁剂00:12:49.880 --> 00:12:51.860调整用药方案等等00:12:53.080 --> 00:12:55.060另外还有非药物治疗00:12:57.400 --> 00:12:59.820非药物治疗有呼吸康复00:13:00.200 --> 00:13:03.260可以有呼吸操肺功能训练00:13:04.200 --> 00:13:06.220姿势调整及养疗00:13:07.520 --> 00:13:08.040呼吸操00:13:08.040 --> 00:13:10.960是一种通过特定的呼吸运动作00:13:10.960 --> 00:13:11.280来00:13:11.280 --> 00:13:14.420增强呼吸肌力量和耐力的锻炼方法00:13:14.680 --> 00:13:16.240它可以帮助慢阻肺00:13:16.240 --> 00:13:18.100和支气管哮喘患者00:13:18.440 --> 00:13:19.980改善通气00:13:20.560 --> 00:13:21.800改善通气功能00:13:21.800 --> 00:13:23.820减少呼吸困难的发作00:13:24.280 --> 00:13:26.760通过定期做呼吸操00:13:26.760 --> 00:13:29.380患者可以增强胸廓的活动能力00:13:29.480 --> 00:13:30.480提高肺活量00:13:30.480 --> 00:13:32.220从而提高生活质量00:13:33.000 --> 00:13:33.960肺功能训练00:13:33.960 --> 00:13:36.760包括各种有助于改善肺功能的运动00:13:36.760 --> 00:13:39.080如深呼吸吹气球等00:13:39.080 --> 00:13:42.220这些训练有助于扩张支气管00:13:42.840 --> 00:13:44.540不增加肺泡通气量00:13:44.680 --> 00:13:47.580提高氧气的吸入和二氧化氮的排出00:13:47.920 --> 00:13:49.440长期坚持肺功能训练00:13:49.440 --> 00:13:51.680可以显著的提高患者的呼吸功能00:13:51.680 --> 00:13:54.140减少疾病的急性发作00:13:54.840 --> 00:13:55.360姿势调整00:13:55.360 --> 00:13:58.920是指通过改变日常活动的身体姿势00:13:58.920 --> 00:14:00.120来减轻呼吸困难00:14:00.120 --> 00:14:03.860的症状如采取半卧半坐位站立位00:14:03.880 --> 00:14:06.460可以减少腹部对肺部的压迫00:14:06.920 --> 00:14:08.480使得呼吸更为顺畅00:14:08.480 --> 00:14:10.640此外适当的姿势调整00:14:10.640 --> 00:14:13.120还可以帮助改善胸廓的活动范围00:14:13.120 --> 00:14:14.580从而有助于呼吸00:14:15.200 --> 00:14:18.020氧疗是有助于对于缺氧的肺阻00:14:18.120 --> 00:14:19.840慢阻肺和支气管哮喘患者00:14:19.840 --> 00:14:22.060的一种有效的治疗手段00:14:22.800 --> 00:14:24.280通过提供额外的氧气00:14:24.280 --> 00:14:26.820可以帮助患者改善血氧饱和度00:14:27.000 --> 00:14:28.080缓解呼吸困难00:14:28.080 --> 00:14:29.460提高生活质量00:14:29.560 --> 00:14:30.880氧疗可以在家中进行00:14:30.880 --> 00:14:32.660也可以在医院的指导下00:14:33.480 --> 00:14:35.100以确保安全有效00:14:36.680 --> 00:14:38.220还有饮食的调理00:14:38.560 --> 00:14:39.600营养均衡00:14:39.600 --> 00:14:40.900避免过敏源00:14:41.520 --> 00:14:42.760饮食的禁忌00:14:42.760 --> 00:14:43.700饮食建议00:14:45.360 --> 00:14:46.960还有包括运动指导00:14:46.960 --> 00:14:48.180适度的运动00:14:48.800 --> 00:14:50.000运动方式的选择00:14:50.000 --> 00:14:50.840运动禁忌00:14:50.840 --> 00:14:52.460运动强度的控制00:14:54.000 --> 00:14:55.780另外还有常见的并发症00:14:56.880 --> 00:14:59.640并发症有肺气肿呼吸衰竭00:14:59.640 --> 00:15:01.340肺心病和感染00:15:02.040 --> 00:15:04.080肺气肿是慢阻肺一种常见的并发症00:15:04.080 --> 00:15:05.640主要是由于气道阻塞00:15:05.640 --> 00:15:07.980导致的气体在肺泡内积聚00:15:08.000 --> 00:15:10.260使肺泡过度膨胀甚至破裂00:15:10.280 --> 00:15:11.200这种情况下00:15:11.200 --> 00:15:13.780导致肺功肺的有效通气量00:15:14.280 --> 00:15:16.700肺的呼吸困难等症状的加重00:15:17.280 --> 00:15:18.480呼吸衰竭是慢阻肺00:15:18.480 --> 00:15:21.420支气管哮喘严重发病并发症之一00:15:21.680 --> 00:15:23.880表现为肺功能严重受损00:15:23.880 --> 00:15:26.420无法维持正常的气体交换00:15:26.720 --> 00:15:28.280导致血压饱和度下降00:15:28.280 --> 00:15:29.320二氧化碳储留00:15:29.320 --> 00:15:31.620这种情况下可能危及患者生命00:15:31.800 --> 00:15:33.900需要立即医疗干预00:15:35.240 --> 00:15:37.900并发症的预防有定期检查00:15:38.480 --> 00:15:39.620药物预防00:15:39.680 --> 00:15:41.180调整生活方式00:15:42.840 --> 00:15:45.020并且健康教育00:15:50.280 --> 00:15:51.880患者的教育与管理00:15:51.880 --> 00:15:54.140有疾病知识的普及00:15:55.520 --> 00:15:58.460包括要认识到疾病常识疾病的危害00:15:58.800 --> 00:16:00.980治疗方法和自我管理00:16:03.560 --> 00:16:05.140做好家庭护理