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--> 00:01.390\n嗯，\n\n00:01.640 --> 00:02.265\n大家好，\n\n00:02.265 --> 00:05.289\n我是金阳社区卫生服务中心的全科医生陈佳悦。\n\n00:05.389 --> 00:09.840\n今天我跟大家分享的是咽喉疾病之急性咽痛的科普。\n\n00:11.010 --> 00:11.310\n嗯，\n\n00:11.609 --> 00:13.510\n主要分为四个方面来讲。\n\n00:15.171 --> 00:17.472\n首先是急性咽炎的概述，\n\n00:17.572 --> 00:19.722\n第二个是急性咽炎的原因，\n\n00:19.722 --> 00:22.021\n第三个是临床表现和症状。\n\n00:28.554 --> 00:28.903\n好，\n\n00:29.104 --> 00:29.479\n嗯，\n\n00:29.479 --> 00:30.903\n什么是急性咽炎呢？\n\n00:30.903 --> 00:32.004\n急性咽炎的话，\n\n00:32.004 --> 00:33.104\n它是，\n\n00:33.104 --> 00:39.104\n因为有急咽部黏膜和黏膜下组织的急性非特异性的一个炎症，\n\n00:39.203 --> 00:39.554\n嗯，\n\n00:39.554 --> 00:42.504\n常累积到咽部的淋巴滤泡。\n\n00:42.653 --> 00:43.004\n嗯，\n\n00:43.004 --> 00:46.554\n临床以咽痛干燥和灼热感为主要特征。\n\n00:48.689 --> 00:48.990\n嗯，\n\n00:48.990 --> 00:52.639\n这里讲一下就是一个解剖的一个一个概念啊，\n\n00:52.790 --> 00:54.740\n就是一般性就是，\n\n00:55.590 --> 00:56.615\n急性咽炎呢，\n\n00:56.615 --> 00:57.814\n它是病变的部位，\n\n00:57.814 --> 00:59.490\n可以弥漫到整个咽部，\n\n00:59.490 --> 01:02.740\n包括鼻咽口咽喉咽这三个部位，\n\n01:03.240 --> 01:03.639\n嗯。\n\n01:04.485 --> 01:05.084\n或者是呢，\n\n01:05.084 --> 01:08.584\n这个就是炎症部位局限在一个区域，\n\n01:08.584 --> 01:09.360\n比如说淋巴，\n\n01:09.360 --> 01:10.834\n就是扁桃体周围。\n\n01:11.084 --> 01:14.885\n一般性需要就是喉镜检查明确病变的范围。\n\n01:17.008 --> 01:18.932\n发病的常见原因呢，\n\n01:18.932 --> 01:20.233\n包括细菌感染。\n\n01:20.282 --> 01:20.583\n嗯，\n\n01:20.583 --> 01:24.958\n一般性都是由贝塔溶血溶血链球菌感染引起的。\n\n01:24.958 --> 01:26.258\n它是主要的致病菌，\n\n01:26.258 --> 01:27.758\n它也可以导致，\n\n01:27.758 --> 01:33.307\n也可以是由肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等等导致的。\n\n01:33.307 --> 01:37.057\n可以通过咽拭子培养来做一个就是，\n\n01:37.057 --> 01:38.932\n鉴别鉴鉴别鉴定。\n\n01:43.049 --> 01:43.448\n嗯，\n\n01:43.799 --> 01:47.374\n第二个可以是簿感染导致的，\n\n01:47.374 --> 01:49.223\n70%.80%的这个急性急性咽炎呢，\n\n01:49.223 --> 01:50.848\n都是由簿感染引起的，\n\n01:50.848 --> 01:52.198\n比如说鼻簿啊，\n\n01:52.399 --> 01:53.448\n簿啊，\n\n01:53.448 --> 01:54.323\n流感簿，\n\n01:54.323 --> 01:55.549\n鼻炎簿等等，\n\n01:55.649 --> 01:56.049\n嗯，\n\n01:56.249 --> 01:59.749\n常常伴有呼吸道的一些其他的感染的症状。\n\n02:00.049 --> 02:00.424\n嗯，\n\n02:00.424 --> 02:03.223\n还有一个因素可能是环境因素导致的，\n\n02:03.223 --> 02:05.448\n比如说长期暴露于粉尘啊，\n\n02:05.448 --> 02:06.573\n有害气体啊，\n\n02:06.573 --> 02:07.549\n干燥的空气，\n\n02:07.649 --> 02:09.449\n或者是过度的用嗓，\n\n02:09.548 --> 02:12.149\n它也可能导致黏膜的防御力下降。\n\n02:12.455 --> 02:13.606\n而诱发一个炎症。\n\n02:15.621 --> 02:15.695\n嗯，\n\n02:15.695 --> 02:16.746\n它的发病机理，\n\n02:16.746 --> 02:16.970\n嗯，\n\n02:16.970 --> 02:18.070\n机理是一般性，\n\n02:18.070 --> 02:21.671\n就是首先是炎症因子的就是释放。\n\n02:21.720 --> 02:23.996\n因为局部粘膜受到刺激以后，\n\n02:23.996 --> 02:25.570\n会释放一些，\n\n02:26.320 --> 02:28.345\n就是组织胺啊，\n\n02:28.345 --> 02:29.996\n前列腺前列腺素啊，\n\n02:29.996 --> 02:30.570\n介质啊，\n\n02:30.570 --> 02:32.445\n这些引起血管的扩张，\n\n02:32.445 --> 02:35.371\n然后导从而导致一个咽部的疼痛。\n\n02:36.531 --> 02:37.031\n其次，\n\n02:37.031 --> 02:39.832\n就是一个淋巴组织的反应，\n\n02:39.932 --> 02:42.231\n咽部就会咽后壁，\n\n02:42.231 --> 02:44.432\n可能会导致淋巴滤泡的增生，\n\n02:44.582 --> 02:48.082\n然后形成一个咽后壁的鹅卵石一样的改变。\n\n02:48.082 --> 02:49.057\n严重的时候，\n\n02:49.057 --> 02:51.882\n可能还会有一些脓性分泌物的覆盖。\n\n02:55.205 --> 02:55.555\n嗯，\n\n02:56.205 --> 02:58.555\n第三个就是病理机制，\n\n02:58.555 --> 03:01.305\n可能就是咽部粘膜屏障的破坏，\n\n03:01.356 --> 03:05.555\n然后上皮细胞坏死脱落以后会导致粘膜充血水肿，\n\n03:05.606 --> 03:09.005\n然后纤毛运动功能受损，\n\n03:09.005 --> 03:12.455\n进而导致那个感染会进一步加重。\n\n03:13.220 --> 03:16.869\n还有一个致病就是机理就可能会是全身的免疫应答。\n\n03:16.919 --> 03:18.619\n但细菌感染的时候呢，\n\n03:18.869 --> 03:22.320\n就是可能会触发一些什么交叉免疫反应。\n\n03:22.419 --> 03:22.744\n嗯，\n\n03:22.744 --> 03:27.544\n有些就是少数病人可能会风会引起什么风湿热啊，\n\n03:27.544 --> 03:28.544\n肾小球肾炎啊，\n\n03:28.544 --> 03:31.619\n这些一些严重的全身免疫应答反应。\n\n03:35.250 --> 03:35.524\n嗯，\n\n03:35.524 --> 03:38.449\n第二部分讲的是急性咽炎的一个病因。\n\n03:38.850 --> 03:39.250\n嗯，\n\n03:39.649 --> 03:42.899\n首先说一下是这个细菌性感染的病因。\n\n03:43.000 --> 03:47.574\n因为细菌性多出多由于链球菌感染引起，\n\n03:47.574 --> 03:49.175\n最常见的就是，\n\n03:49.175 --> 03:51.800\nA组贝塔溶血链球菌感染，\n\n03:52.050 --> 03:54.500\n它可以引起咽部的剧烈疼痛，\n\n03:54.699 --> 03:56.475\n然后甚至会发生高热，\n\n03:56.475 --> 04:01.449\n有的可能还会导致风湿热和肾小球肾炎这些一些全身并发症。\n\n04:01.899 --> 04:04.850\n所以这个时候就需要及时使用抗生素了。\n\n04:06.115 --> 04:06.464\n嗯，\n\n04:06.514 --> 04:07.964\n第二个细菌的话，\n\n04:08.664 --> 04:09.940\n可能就是金葡菌。\n\n04:09.940 --> 04:10.815\n金葡菌的话，\n\n04:10.815 --> 04:15.315\n它可以通过分泌毒素引起一个化脓性的咽炎。\n\n04:16.079 --> 04:17.779\n也会表现为咽部充血，\n\n04:18.029 --> 04:19.454\n然后脓性分泌物，\n\n04:19.454 --> 04:22.579\n有的时候还可能会引起咽后壁的脓肿。\n\n04:23.279 --> 04:26.730\n第三个致病细菌就是肺炎链球菌，\n\n04:26.829 --> 04:31.529\n它都是继发于上呼吸道感染以后，\n\n04:31.730 --> 04:35.579\n嗯可以导致咽粘膜的一个弥漫性的红肿，\n\n04:35.679 --> 04:38.204\n从而会伴随着咳嗽咳痰啊，\n\n04:38.204 --> 04:41.880\n声音嘶哑这些一些上呼吸道感染的症状。\n\n04:43.182 --> 04:43.481\n嗯，\n\n04:43.682 --> 04:45.856\n第二类的那个致病因素的话，\n\n04:45.856 --> 04:46.532\n就是病毒。\n\n04:46.631 --> 04:49.506\n病毒里面比较常见的是，\n\n04:49.506 --> 04:50.631\n柯萨奇病毒。\n\n04:51.182 --> 04:51.481\n嗯，\n\n04:51.481 --> 04:53.006\n它可以通过飞沫传播，\n\n04:53.006 --> 04:55.682\n会引起那个疱疹性咽峡炎。\n\n04:55.932 --> 04:56.332\n嗯，\n\n04:56.682 --> 05:01.032\n主要的特征就是咽部弥散着一个灰白色的那个疱疹，\n\n05:01.282 --> 05:04.432\n同时会有一个就是皱起的高热。\n\n05:05.217 --> 05:06.917\n这个在儿童比较多见。\n\n05:08.635 --> 05:10.809\n第二个常见的病毒就是腺病毒。\n\n05:10.809 --> 05:12.385\n它可以引起。\n\n05:13.881 --> 05:15.006\n咽结膜，\n\n05:15.006 --> 05:16.631\n咽的咽结膜，\n\n05:16.832 --> 05:17.682\n结膜热，\n\n05:17.731 --> 05:23.332\n然后主要的一个特征的三联针就是咽咽炎、结膜炎和发热。\n\n05:24.082 --> 05:24.381\n嗯，\n\n05:24.532 --> 05:25.407\n咽部也是，\n\n05:25.407 --> 05:28.432\n主要表现为淋巴滤包增生和咽痛。\n\n05:30.221 --> 05:30.522\n嗯，\n\n05:30.671 --> 05:32.772\n第三类常见的病毒呢，\n\n05:32.772 --> 05:34.897\n就是鼻病毒，\n\n05:34.897 --> 05:35.921\n就是EB病毒，\n\n05:35.971 --> 05:38.022\n它与就是那个。\n\n05:39.299 --> 05:40.700\n单核细胞增多。\n\n05:42.050 --> 05:46.626\n有关主要表现为就是咽部的伪膜性炎症，\n\n05:46.626 --> 05:49.401\n然后扁桃体肿大，\n\n05:49.401 --> 05:53.351\n然后同时会伴随一个颈部的一个淋巴肿大，\n\n05:53.351 --> 05:55.101\n还有肝脾异常等等。\n\n05:56.106 --> 05:58.457\n第四个常见的病毒就是流感病毒。\n\n05:58.657 --> 06:02.407\n流感病毒一般性就是我们常说的甲流、乙流。\n\n06:02.756 --> 06:03.157\n嗯，\n\n06:04.106 --> 06:07.182\n它除了就是那个咽部症状的以外，\n\n06:07.182 --> 06:09.782\n也会可以伴随全身的一些症状，\n\n06:09.782 --> 06:13.356\n比如说肌肉酸痛啊、全身乏力、高热等等。\n\n06:14.772 --> 06:19.471\n第三类的那个致病因素就是环境和就是诱因。\n\n06:19.921 --> 06:20.321\n嗯，\n\n06:21.522 --> 06:23.096\n首先是理化刺激，\n\n06:23.096 --> 06:26.696\n比如说长期暴露于粉尘、烟草、烟雾啊，\n\n06:26.696 --> 06:27.747\n空气干燥啊，\n\n06:27.747 --> 06:31.671\n这些都会破坏到就是咽部黏膜的屏障，\n\n06:31.671 --> 06:34.321\n从而导致一个非感染性的一个炎症。\n\n06:34.872 --> 06:37.821\n然后还有当机体免疫力下降，\n\n06:37.971 --> 06:39.122\n就是，\n\n06:39.221 --> 06:44.122\n机体处于比如说过度疲劳啊、睡眠不足这些应急状态下的话，\n\n06:44.122 --> 06:44.821\n免疫力。\n\n06:44.899 --> 06:45.924\n功能是减退的，\n\n06:45.924 --> 06:48.700\n它就有可能会导致一些条件致病菌，\n\n06:48.799 --> 06:49.725\n然后繁殖，\n\n06:49.725 --> 06:52.200\n从而引起继发性的感染。\n\n06:53.690 --> 06:55.515\n还有一些温度的骤变，\n\n06:55.515 --> 06:56.890\n比如说寒冷的刺激，\n\n06:56.989 --> 06:59.489\n它可能会引起咽部血管的痉挛，\n\n06:59.489 --> 07:02.214\n导致就是局部血血供骤减，\n\n07:02.214 --> 07:03.315\n然后，\n\n07:03.315 --> 07:05.239\n黏膜的防御功能下降。\n\n07:05.239 --> 07:05.864\n这个时候，\n\n07:05.864 --> 07:08.640\n病毒和细菌就可能更容易感染。\n\n07:10.442 --> 07:12.993\n第三个部分讲的是临床表现与症状。\n\n07:14.503 --> 07:15.104\n首先，\n\n07:15.104 --> 07:16.778\n第一个就是局部的症状，\n\n07:16.778 --> 07:17.653\n比如说咽痛。\n\n07:18.003 --> 07:19.053\n咽痛的话，\n\n07:19.454 --> 07:22.579\n它一般性就是是呈一个渐进性的发展。\n\n07:22.579 --> 07:24.503\n初期为咽部干燥灼热，\n\n07:24.604 --> 07:29.954\n然后一到两天以后可能会发生一个持续性的钝痛或者是刺痛。\n\n07:30.303 --> 07:30.678\n嗯，\n\n07:30.678 --> 07:33.229\n有的时候就是加剧了以后，\n\n07:33.229 --> 07:34.854\n可能还会出现吞咽痛。\n\n07:36.416 --> 07:36.766\n嗯，\n\n07:37.217 --> 07:40.666\n还有一个就是可能有一个局部的就是异物感。\n\n07:41.934 --> 07:44.834\n很多就是炎症咽炎患者呢，\n\n07:45.334 --> 07:48.434\n他可能会刺激一个喉上神经的一个分支，\n\n07:48.434 --> 07:52.785\n会导致患者就是咽部有一种梗阻感，\n\n07:53.385 --> 07:53.760\n嗯，\n\n07:53.760 --> 07:56.434\n表现为反复的这种空咽的动作。\n\n07:57.434 --> 07:57.785\n嗯，\n\n07:57.785 --> 08:02.635\n局部检查也可能会发现患者咽后壁这个淋巴滤泡增生，\n\n08:02.635 --> 08:04.385\n形成一种颗粒状的隆起。\n\n08:05.812 --> 08:08.712\n有的炎症的患者可能会出现一个尾膜，\n\n08:08.861 --> 08:12.261\n就是就是咽后壁的这个白就黄白色的分泌物。\n\n08:13.319 --> 08:13.618\n嗯，\n\n08:13.669 --> 08:15.519\n还有一个症状就是咳嗽。\n\n08:15.968 --> 08:16.368\n嗯，\n\n08:16.569 --> 08:19.093\n就是因为炎症的就是局部刺激嘛，\n\n08:19.093 --> 08:21.694\n会就是引起一个机制，\n\n08:21.694 --> 08:25.169\n机体出现一个防御性的那个咳嗽反射。\n\n08:25.468 --> 08:25.794\n嗯，\n\n08:25.794 --> 08:27.919\n多表现为是阵发性的干咳，\n\n08:27.968 --> 08:32.018\n有的时候因为晨起的分泌物聚集可能会加重。\n\n08:34.263 --> 08:36.187\n第二个症状就是全身症状，\n\n08:36.187 --> 08:38.362\n有的急性咽炎可能会出现发热，\n\n08:38.562 --> 08:39.713\n因为这也是一些，\n\n08:39.713 --> 08:42.987\n比如说病毒或者是细菌感染引起的。\n\n08:42.987 --> 08:44.163\n这些就是。\n\n08:46.164 --> 08:48.914\n引起了一个继发的那个发热，\n\n08:49.565 --> 08:53.840\n还有一些可能会因为就是有全身中毒症状的表现，\n\n08:53.840 --> 08:56.364\n严重的可能会因为就是那种。\n\n08:57.401 --> 08:59.502\n病原体代谢产物引起以后，\n\n08:59.502 --> 09:00.752\n会引起啊，\n\n09:00.752 --> 09:01.427\n头痛啊，\n\n09:01.427 --> 09:02.427\n肌肉酸痛啊，\n\n09:02.427 --> 09:03.651\n全身不适等等。\n\n09:03.752 --> 09:06.101\n有的人可能还会因为有皮疹啊，\n\n09:06.252 --> 09:08.401\n关节痛等等这些原因。\n\n09:11.593 --> 09:12.692\n体征的话。\n\n09:13.851 --> 09:14.927\n就是一般性，\n\n09:14.927 --> 09:16.351\n就是表现在局部，\n\n09:16.401 --> 09:16.802\n嗯，\n\n09:16.901 --> 09:18.302\n可能是咽部充血，\n\n09:18.302 --> 09:21.202\n淋巴就是滤泡增生。\n\n09:25.114 --> 09:28.263\n第四个就是讲一下这个诊断与鉴别诊断。\n\n09:31.273 --> 09:31.473\n嗯，\n\n09:31.823 --> 09:32.648\n诊断的话，\n\n09:32.648 --> 09:34.473\n可能根据临床的检查方法，\n\n09:34.473 --> 09:38.398\n比如说咽部的湿疹可以看看急性咽炎患者，\n\n09:38.398 --> 09:40.698\n一般性咽后壁都是充血肿胀，\n\n09:40.698 --> 09:42.674\n淋巴就是滤泡增生的，\n\n09:42.973 --> 09:45.823\n然后可以通过喉镜可以清晰的看到，\n\n09:45.874 --> 09:49.573\n就是患者局部黏膜的一些糜烂溃疡等等。\n\n09:49.773 --> 09:50.223\n然后，\n\n09:50.223 --> 09:51.223\n颈部触诊的话，\n\n09:51.223 --> 09:54.874\n也可以就是触到一些就是肿大的淋巴结。\n\n09:57.450 --> 09:57.799\n嗯，\n\n09:58.049 --> 10:01.875\n其次就是可以通过实验室辅助检查来协助诊断。\n\n10:01.875 --> 10:03.750\n比如说血培就是血常规，\n\n10:03.849 --> 10:09.250\n可以根据白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数或者是这种淋巴细胞技术，\n\n10:09.400 --> 10:12.974\n然后还可以通过咽拭子的培养来采集患者，\n\n10:12.974 --> 10:16.000\n就是那个分泌物做细菌培养。\n\n10:16.250 --> 10:18.799\n然后是可以做一些过敏原的测定，\n\n10:18.950 --> 10:20.625\n然后是，\n\n10:20.625 --> 10:22.150\nEB病毒抗体的检测，\n\n10:22.299 --> 10:25.150\n这些实验室检查来协助我们的诊断。\n\n10:26.130 --> 10:27.280\n鉴别诊断的话，\n\n10:27.280 --> 10:28.729\n我们可以通过就是。\n\n10:30.469 --> 10:30.669\n嗯。\n\n10:32.627 --> 10:34.377\n可以通过就是这些体征啊，\n\n10:34.377 --> 10:36.427\n就是病原体啊，\n\n10:36.427 --> 10:41.627\n或者是来跟就是咽喉其他疾病做一些检查，\n\n10:41.627 --> 10:42.427\n就是鉴别，\n\n10:42.478 --> 10:44.877\n比如说可以跟就是慢性咽炎啊。\n\n10:45.942 --> 10:47.291\n一般性慢性咽炎呢，\n\n10:47.291 --> 10:48.692\n它的病程可能会比较长，\n\n10:49.041 --> 10:49.992\n然后的话。\n\n10:52.184 --> 10:53.109\n而且诱因也不同，\n\n10:53.109 --> 10:55.984\n它因为长期的可能有一些患者有吸烟啊，\n\n10:56.034 --> 10:57.184\n胃酸反流啊，\n\n10:57.184 --> 10:58.734\n粉尘刺激等等。\n\n11:00.544 --> 11:00.744\n嗯，\n\n11:01.494 --> 11:07.593\n最后讲一下它的治疗与预防治疗首先就是药物治疗，\n\n11:07.593 --> 11:09.193\n比如说对症治疗，\n\n11:09.343 --> 11:09.744\n嗯，\n\n11:09.893 --> 11:10.919\n是细菌性的，\n\n11:10.919 --> 11:12.744\n我们就要合理的选择抗生素。\n\n11:12.744 --> 11:14.568\n如果是病毒感染引起的话，\n\n11:14.568 --> 11:16.943\n我们就要合理的使用抗病毒的药物，\n\n11:16.994 --> 11:20.343\n并且可以配合使用一些就是。\n\n11:21.406 --> 11:25.856\n局部的抗菌药和一些就是激素来帮助治疗。\n\n11:27.726 --> 11:27.926\n嗯，\n\n11:28.875 --> 11:31.125\n临床上可能还会就是。\n\n11:32.322 --> 11:34.697\n采取一些常常的一些对症治疗，\n\n11:34.697 --> 11:36.672\n比如说解热镇痛药，\n\n11:36.822 --> 11:37.723\n然后是。\n\n11:38.616 --> 11:41.666\n常用的比如说布洛芬、对乙酰氨基酚等等，\n\n11:41.866 --> 11:43.466\n然后局部的麻醉药。\n\n11:43.666 --> 11:44.065\n嗯，\n\n11:44.416 --> 11:48.015\n因为患者可能会出现咽喉不适症状比较明显的话，\n\n11:48.015 --> 11:50.466\n可以用局部喷一些利多卡因啊，\n\n11:50.466 --> 11:53.216\n这些来缓解一下局部的症状。\n\n11:53.616 --> 11:56.565\n还可以采取一些物理的降温，\n\n11:56.565 --> 12:00.190\n比如说出现高热的患者可以用就温水擦浴啊，\n\n12:00.190 --> 12:01.216\n这些就是。\n\n12:02.216 --> 12:03.315\n来辅助降温，\n\n12:03.565 --> 12:03.966\n嗯，\n\n12:05.015 --> 12:06.991\n最后一个讲一下预防措施。\n\n12:06.991 --> 12:07.940\n预防措施的话，\n\n12:07.940 --> 12:09.515\n就包括增加免疫力，\n\n12:09.565 --> 12:11.315\n然后的话避免刺激，\n\n12:11.366 --> 12:13.866\n增加免疫力方面就是要均衡营养，\n\n12:13.866 --> 12:14.466\n然后。\n\n12:16.442 --> 12:18.142\n提高患者的抵抗力，\n\n12:18.142 --> 12:21.892\n然后避免就是局部环境的刺激。\n\n12:22.041 --> 12:23.091\n比如说，\n\n12:23.091 --> 12:25.017\n需要如果是吸烟的患者，\n\n12:25.017 --> 12:26.841\n需要需要戒烟，\n\n12:26.892 --> 12:28.192\n远离二手烟。\n\n12:28.442 --> 12:29.291\n冬天的话，\n\n12:29.291 --> 12:30.892\n因为空气比较干燥，\n\n12:30.892 --> 12:35.091\n也就是建议配合使用空气加湿器，\n\n12:35.392 --> 12:41.242\n然后来减少这些干燥或者粉尘对咽后壁的那个刺激。\n\n12:42.814 --> 12:43.164\n嗯，\n\n12:43.513 --> 12:47.614\n最后一部分是讲一下慢性咽炎的简介简介。\n\n12:50.822 --> 12:51.822\n慢性咽炎呢，\n\n12:51.822 --> 12:57.572\n它是因为就是粘膜充血和分泌物增多引起的。\n\n12:57.622 --> 12:58.021\n嗯，\n\n12:58.072 --> 13:01.021\n因为咽后壁粘膜呈一个弥漫性的充血，\n\n13:01.171 --> 13:01.872\n然后呢，\n\n13:01.872 --> 13:05.421\n血管周围以及淋巴细胞浆细胞浸润，\n\n13:05.521 --> 13:07.697\n它会导致粘膜腺体增生，\n\n13:07.697 --> 13:09.471\n从而导致分泌物粘稠，\n\n13:09.622 --> 13:11.296\n然后附着在咽喉壁。\n\n13:11.296 --> 13:15.497\n患者晨起的时候就可能会有这种干性刺激性的干咳，\n\n13:15.497 --> 13:19.971\n然后咳出或者是咳出少量的那个白色粘液。\n\n13:23.301 --> 13:23.426\n嗯，\n\n13:23.426 --> 13:25.601\n患者的主观感受可能比较突出，\n\n13:25.651 --> 13:29.051\n很多患者都会有就是咽部异物感，\n\n13:29.051 --> 13:30.250\n然后干灼啊，\n\n13:30.250 --> 13:31.401\n灼烧感等等，\n\n13:31.401 --> 13:35.351\n特别是在说话或者是空气干燥的时候表现的比较明显。\n\n13:35.401 --> 13:36.250\n这个症状呢，\n\n13:36.250 --> 13:38.000\n可能会持续数月。\n\n13:38.551 --> 13:38.901\n嗯，\n\n13:38.901 --> 13:41.551\n仅仅在就是咽部检查的时候可以看到，\n\n13:41.651 --> 13:43.301\n就是咽部充血，\n\n13:43.801 --> 13:44.825\n一般性没有，\n\n13:44.825 --> 13:46.551\n就是显著的结构改变。\n\n13:48.007 --> 13:48.158\n嗯，\n\n13:48.158 --> 13:51.482\n还有一个就是慢性肥厚性咽炎的表现，\n\n13:51.482 --> 13:54.057\n它主要是就是淋巴滤泡的增生。\n\n13:54.357 --> 13:54.757\n嗯，\n\n13:54.958 --> 13:55.882\n这些患者呢，\n\n13:55.882 --> 13:58.507\n可能会看到咽后壁有颗粒感，\n\n13:58.908 --> 14:03.057\n或者是这种就是融合成片的这个淋巴细胞增生，\n\n14:03.107 --> 14:04.908\n表面会出现凹凸不平，\n\n14:05.107 --> 14:08.208\n然后有的可能会呈一些条索状的隆起。\n\n14:09.414 --> 14:12.364\n有部分患者可能会因为由咽鼓管的堵塞，\n\n14:12.364 --> 14:14.765\n会引起耳朵发闷、发胀感。\n\n14:16.013 --> 14:16.864\n这些患者呢，\n\n14:16.864 --> 14:19.213\n最主要的感受就是持续的异物感。\n\n14:23.195 --> 14:23.395\n嗯，\n\n14:23.596 --> 14:28.770\n这些患者因为就是抗炎的治疗效果都是有限的，\n\n14:28.770 --> 14:32.046\n所以一般性就是治疗的反应都会比较差。\n\n14:33.531 --> 14:35.182\n还有一类就是萎缩性。\n\n14:36.426 --> 14:37.976\n咽炎的一个典型的症状。\n\n14:41.393 --> 14:45.294\n它可能会与就是粘膜的萎缩和皮痂形成有关，\n\n14:45.443 --> 14:49.994\n还有可能会与干干燥综合征这个有关联。\n\n14:56.354 --> 14:56.554\n嗯，\n\n14:56.953 --> 14:58.504\n以上就是我的分享，\n\n14:58.754 --> 14:59.703\n谢谢大家。\n\n","v0d47cg10004d74ul1qljht067gqs560",908,571,"2026-03-03 00:02:27","2026-06-11 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