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--> 00:00.980\n嗯，\n\n00:00.980 --> 00:01.780\n大家晚上好，\n\n00:01.780 --> 00:03.755\n我是来自仁济医院的葛医生。\n\n00:03.755 --> 00:07.655\n今天我要给大家分享的是慢阻肺的相关内容。\n\n00:09.793 --> 00:09.918\n嗯，\n\n00:09.918 --> 00:10.593\n今天呢，\n\n00:10.644 --> 00:12.644\n就是讲的目录呢，\n\n00:12.644 --> 00:14.168\n主要分为，\n\n00:14.168 --> 00:15.343\n以下几个方面，\n\n00:15.394 --> 00:17.544\n一个是慢阻肺的概述，\n\n00:18.143 --> 00:18.544\n嗯，\n\n00:18.694 --> 00:21.044\n以及它的症状诊断。\n\n00:22.052 --> 00:22.152\n嗯，\n\n00:22.152 --> 00:24.003\n治疗方法、预防措施，\n\n00:24.003 --> 00:26.702\n以及最后讲一下慢阻肺的护理。\n\n00:29.304 --> 00:29.829\n慢阻肺呢，\n\n00:29.829 --> 00:31.804\n是我们临床上常见的疾病，\n\n00:32.304 --> 00:32.703\n嗯，\n\n00:32.854 --> 00:34.254\n它的一个定义呢，\n\n00:34.254 --> 00:35.453\n以及流行病学。\n\n00:36.574 --> 00:37.023\n慢阻肺，\n\n00:37.124 --> 00:37.499\n嗯，\n\n00:37.499 --> 00:43.324\n是COPD这种常见的可治疗可预防的一类一大类一类疾病。\n\n00:43.773 --> 00:44.824\n它的特征呢，\n\n00:44.824 --> 00:46.973\n就是表现为一个，\n\n00:46.973 --> 00:48.624\n持续性的气流受限。\n\n00:50.644 --> 00:52.469\n那么它的流行情况是怎样的？\n\n00:52.469 --> 00:54.019\n在全球范围内呢？\n\n00:54.019 --> 00:55.743\n慢阻肺是第三大。\n\n00:56.566 --> 00:57.465\n窒息性疾病。\n\n00:58.519 --> 01:00.094\n尤其在中老年人群呢，\n\n01:00.094 --> 01:02.069\n它的发病率是比较高的。\n\n01:03.278 --> 01:06.478\n危险因素表现为主要是长期的吸烟。\n\n01:07.417 --> 01:10.718\n粉尘暴露、空气污染和遗传因素。\n\n01:11.898 --> 01:12.072\n嗯，\n\n01:12.072 --> 01:12.748\n这些呢，\n\n01:12.748 --> 01:14.797\n都是慢阻肺的主要危险因素。\n\n01:17.212 --> 01:18.063\n长期吸烟。\n\n01:18.763 --> 01:20.763\n吸烟是慢阻肺的主要病因之一，\n\n01:21.013 --> 01:27.462\n烟草中啊、尼古丁等一些有害物质可以导致肺功能的下降。\n\n01:29.517 --> 01:34.968\n空气污染如果长期暴露在这个污染的空气当中呢，\n\n01:35.367 --> 01:35.742\n嗯，\n\n01:35.742 --> 01:37.867\n如工业废气啊，\n\n01:37.867 --> 01:42.218\n汽车尾气就会相应的增加慢阻肺的发病风险。\n\n01:43.317 --> 01:43.916\n职业反弹。\n\n01:44.944 --> 01:45.069\n嗯，\n\n01:45.069 --> 01:47.245\n某些特殊的职业有矿工啊，\n\n01:47.245 --> 01:48.595\n陶瓷工人等。\n\n01:49.309 --> 01:49.434\n嗯，\n\n01:49.434 --> 01:51.459\n如果长期吸入这些粉尘呢，\n\n01:51.559 --> 01:53.660\n也会导致慢阻肺的发生。\n\n01:56.276 --> 01:58.375\n慢阻肺的一个症状有哪些？\n\n01:58.625 --> 01:59.676\n呼吸困难啊，\n\n01:59.676 --> 02:01.225\n也是比较常见的，\n\n02:01.375 --> 02:02.426\n咳痰喘。\n\n02:04.412 --> 02:04.986\n活动时呢，\n\n02:04.986 --> 02:05.961\n有呼吸急促。\n\n02:06.412 --> 02:09.486\n慢阻肺患者在进行体力活动时呢，\n\n02:09.486 --> 02:11.162\n就会感到呼吸急促。\n\n02:12.796 --> 02:12.996\n嗯，\n\n02:12.996 --> 02:15.820\n需要一个频繁的休息活动，\n\n02:15.820 --> 02:17.345\n耐力的明显的下降，\n\n02:17.796 --> 02:18.195\n嗯，\n\n02:18.246 --> 02:20.496\n生活的质量也明显的下降。\n\n02:21.744 --> 02:21.845\n嗯，\n\n02:21.845 --> 02:23.195\n慢性的咳嗽咳痰。\n\n02:24.283 --> 02:25.458\n嗯，\n\n02:25.458 --> 02:26.184\nCOPD患者呢，\n\n02:26.184 --> 02:29.583\n表现为一个长期的咳嗽咳痰。\n\n02:30.613 --> 02:30.813\n嗯，\n\n02:31.113 --> 02:35.464\n它是也是慢阻症患者的一个常见也是早期症状之一吧。\n\n02:36.397 --> 02:36.722\n第三呢，\n\n02:36.722 --> 02:37.246\n就是胸闷，\n\n02:37.246 --> 02:37.697\n骨髓。\n\n02:38.557 --> 02:38.707\n嗯，\n\n02:38.707 --> 02:40.007\n因为这个慢性病患者，\n\n02:40.007 --> 02:41.356\n他的肺功能比较差，\n\n02:41.707 --> 02:43.656\n并且伴随有咳嗽咳痰，\n\n02:43.757 --> 02:46.156\n那么就会表现为一个压迫感。\n\n02:46.882 --> 02:47.082\n嗯，\n\n02:47.082 --> 02:48.682\n或者胸部的不适感，\n\n02:48.932 --> 02:49.283\n嗯，\n\n02:49.283 --> 02:51.682\n尤其在这个呼吸的时候呢，\n\n02:51.682 --> 02:53.483\n这种胀不适感呢，\n\n02:53.483 --> 02:54.483\n是更为显著。\n\n02:56.535 --> 02:57.735\n慢性咳嗽与痰多。\n\n02:59.044 --> 02:59.893\n长期的咳嗽，\n\n02:59.994 --> 03:02.494\n慢性病患者常有一个持续性的咳嗽。\n\n03:03.328 --> 03:03.527\n嗯，\n\n03:03.527 --> 03:04.527\n这种咳嗽呢，\n\n03:04.677 --> 03:05.503\n大部分呢，\n\n03:05.503 --> 03:06.328\n它有一个特点，\n\n03:06.328 --> 03:07.977\n就是在早晨，\n\n03:08.628 --> 03:08.977\n嗯，\n\n03:08.977 --> 03:10.027\n或者运动后，\n\n03:10.128 --> 03:11.878\n这个咳嗽会加剧。\n\n03:12.677 --> 03:12.878\n嗯，\n\n03:12.927 --> 03:16.527\n也往往是COP患者的一个早期症状之一。\n\n03:18.813 --> 03:19.188\n第二个呢，\n\n03:19.188 --> 03:19.738\n痰多，\n\n03:19.738 --> 03:20.763\n痰液比较多。\n\n03:21.162 --> 03:21.563\n嗯，\n\n03:21.563 --> 03:23.763\n患者会发现痰液量增加，\n\n03:23.763 --> 03:24.537\n痰色呢，\n\n03:24.537 --> 03:26.263\n可能为白色或黄色。\n\n03:27.050 --> 03:27.151\n嗯，\n\n03:27.151 --> 03:29.100\n并且痰液比较粘稠，\n\n03:29.201 --> 03:30.050\n不易咳出。\n\n03:31.651 --> 03:31.802\n嗯，\n\n03:31.802 --> 03:33.052\n对一些，\n\n03:33.251 --> 03:39.852\n就是长期卧床的或者慢性基础疾病的那些失智失能的患者来说呢，\n\n03:39.852 --> 03:41.951\n往往表现为一个咳痰的困难，\n\n03:42.001 --> 03:43.526\n咳痰无力啊。\n\n03:43.526 --> 03:47.751\n那么就需要我们给这一类患者进行一个加强一个化痰，\n\n03:48.151 --> 03:48.552\n嗯，\n\n03:49.001 --> 03:51.352\n然后帮助他拍背促排痰，\n\n03:51.751 --> 03:53.901\n必要的时候有一个吸痰的护理。\n\n03:56.123 --> 03:58.123\n那么随着他的病情的进展呢，\n\n03:58.123 --> 03:59.774\n就是患者呢，\n\n03:59.774 --> 04:02.524\n会表现为一个咳嗽痰多呢，\n\n04:02.524 --> 04:03.524\n就是加重，\n\n04:03.524 --> 04:07.274\n并且有一个呼吸急促或者呼吸困难。\n\n04:10.759 --> 04:11.610\n活动耐力下降。\n\n04:12.945 --> 04:13.619\n普动耐力下降，\n\n04:13.619 --> 04:17.470\n你呼吸患者就慢阻病患者在进行体力活动时呢，\n\n04:17.470 --> 04:19.644\n会感到呼吸的急促，\n\n04:19.644 --> 04:20.695\n呼吸的困难，\n\n04:20.945 --> 04:24.795\n那么他就没法进行一个长期的运动或活动。\n\n04:26.273 --> 04:26.898\n严重的呢，\n\n04:26.898 --> 04:29.423\n可能就是日常的活动都会受限。\n\n04:29.872 --> 04:31.822\n由于呼吸困难的加重呢，\n\n04:31.822 --> 04:34.023\n就是患者在日常生活中，\n\n04:34.423 --> 04:35.747\n如爬楼梯啊，\n\n04:35.747 --> 04:37.072\n或者提重物，\n\n04:37.423 --> 04:37.798\n嗯，\n\n04:37.798 --> 04:40.972\n这些活动时能让感到这个明显的吃力。\n\n04:41.173 --> 04:43.222\n那么他的日常生活呢，\n\n04:43.222 --> 04:45.372\n就会明显感受到就是。\n\n04:46.071 --> 04:46.170\n嗯，\n\n04:46.170 --> 04:46.621\n限制，\n\n04:46.971 --> 04:49.971\n那生活质量也就会也会相应的下降。\n\n04:52.753 --> 04:54.153\n一个是疲劳感的增加，\n\n04:54.604 --> 04:55.503\n慢阻肺呢，\n\n04:55.503 --> 04:57.153\n导致氧气的供应不足，\n\n04:57.253 --> 05:00.503\n使得患者即使在休息的时候呢，\n\n05:00.503 --> 05:02.604\n也会感到的一个异常的疲劳。\n\n05:07.808 --> 05:08.558\n那第三呢，\n\n05:08.657 --> 05:11.358\n第三个方面我们来讲一下慢阻肺的诊断。\n\n05:12.873 --> 05:14.023\n病史一起个检查。\n\n05:15.118 --> 05:17.868\n我们对一个就是来到医院里面，\n\n05:17.868 --> 05:19.442\n就是就诊的患者呢，\n\n05:19.442 --> 05:21.567\n我们首先要询问他的一个病史。\n\n05:22.622 --> 05:22.821\n嗯，\n\n05:22.921 --> 05:24.622\n尤其是一个吸烟。\n\n05:25.639 --> 05:29.889\n因为询问患者的吸烟史是诊断慢阻肺的一个重要的环节。\n\n05:30.761 --> 05:31.261\n我们知道，\n\n05:31.261 --> 05:34.761\n吸烟是GOP的主要风险因素之一。\n\n05:37.066 --> 05:37.216\n嗯，\n\n05:37.216 --> 05:40.615\n我们还要就是评估他的一个呼吸道的症状。\n\n05:41.687 --> 05:41.838\n嗯，\n\n05:41.838 --> 05:43.888\n尤其是肠道呼吸困难的一个症状。\n\n05:44.746 --> 05:49.496\n通过询问他呼吸困难的一个发生的频率和程度，\n\n05:49.696 --> 05:51.746\n我们来了解病情的严重性。\n\n05:53.983 --> 05:54.132\n嗯，\n\n05:54.132 --> 05:55.032\n肺部听诊，\n\n05:55.583 --> 05:56.882\n通过听诊器来，\n\n05:57.433 --> 05:57.808\n嗯，\n\n05:57.808 --> 06:00.233\n对行肺肺部进行一个体格检查。\n\n06:01.059 --> 06:03.309\n我们可以寻找异常的呼吸音，\n\n06:03.760 --> 06:04.160\n嗯，\n\n06:05.010 --> 06:09.359\n有没有痰鸣音、耳鸣音、干湿罗音等等。\n\n06:13.695 --> 06:13.920\n嗯，\n\n06:13.920 --> 06:15.045\n肺功能测试。\n\n06:16.885 --> 06:20.584\n肺功能测试对于诊断慢阻肺来说是至关重要的。\n\n06:21.554 --> 06:22.855\n用力肺活量测试，\n\n06:22.904 --> 06:24.255\n也就是FAC。\n\n06:25.019 --> 06:30.019\n通过测量患者在最大努力下吸入和呼气呼出的空气量，\n\n06:30.320 --> 06:33.619\n评估肺部的一个容量和通气的功能。\n\n06:34.470 --> 06:36.019\n一氧化碳的弥散量测试。\n\n06:37.290 --> 06:39.040\n测量肺部的气体交换能力，\n\n06:39.240 --> 06:44.140\n通过一氧化碳的扩散量来判断肺泡与血液间的气体交换效率。\n\n06:46.937 --> 06:47.261\n第三呢，\n\n06:47.261 --> 06:48.937\n就是峰值流速的测量。\n\n06:50.796 --> 06:55.346\n我们可以记录那个患者在短时间内呼出的最大的速度，\n\n06:55.647 --> 06:58.846\n用于监测气道组成的程度来评估。\n\n07:00.140 --> 07:00.265\n嗯，\n\n07:00.265 --> 07:01.790\n它的一个呼吸的功能。\n\n07:05.638 --> 07:05.763\n嗯，\n\n07:05.763 --> 07:07.013\n除了肺功能测试，\n\n07:07.013 --> 07:10.138\n我们比较常做的一个还有一个影像学检查。\n\n07:10.976 --> 07:11.851\n营养学检查呢，\n\n07:11.851 --> 07:13.427\n有胸部X光片检查。\n\n07:15.666 --> 07:19.166\n通过X光片是诊断慢阻肺的初步的一个影像学检查，\n\n07:19.266 --> 07:23.516\n可以解释肺部的一个过度的膨胀和肺气肿的迹象。\n\n07:25.842 --> 07:25.993\n嗯，\n\n07:25.993 --> 07:29.942\n我们另一个比较常用的就是高分辨率的CT扫描。\n\n07:30.755 --> 07:31.755\n高分辨CT呢，\n\n07:31.755 --> 07:34.204\n能够更详细的显示肺部结构。\n\n07:34.899 --> 07:38.549\n来帮助识别肺气肿、慢性支气管炎的特征。\n\n07:40.567 --> 07:42.967\n再结合我们前面讲的肺功能测试，\n\n07:43.717 --> 07:44.092\n嗯，\n\n07:44.092 --> 07:45.192\n肺功能测试呢，\n\n07:45.192 --> 07:46.768\n虽然不是影像学检查，\n\n07:47.217 --> 07:48.018\n但是呢，\n\n07:48.018 --> 07:50.667\n是诊断慢阻肺的一个重要手段。\n\n07:51.268 --> 07:53.967\n通过测量肺活量和气流受限，\n\n07:54.018 --> 07:55.167\n来评估病情，\n\n07:55.567 --> 07:57.167\n来指导临床治疗。\n\n08:00.550 --> 08:01.825\n那么第四个方面，\n\n08:01.825 --> 08:03.700\n我们来讲一下慢阻肺的治疗方法。\n\n08:05.730 --> 08:07.204\n药物治疗是一个首要的，\n\n08:07.204 --> 08:08.480\n也是主要的一个方法。\n\n08:11.157 --> 08:11.907\n吸入性的慢，\n\n08:11.907 --> 08:12.282\n嗯，\n\n08:12.282 --> 08:13.707\n吸入性的糖皮激素，\n\n08:13.707 --> 08:15.307\n吸入性的糖皮激素呢，\n\n08:15.907 --> 08:16.307\n嗯，\n\n08:16.307 --> 08:17.856\n可以减轻气道炎症，\n\n08:17.856 --> 08:20.707\n是慢阻肺长期管理的关键药物之一。\n\n08:22.057 --> 08:22.207\n嗯，\n\n08:22.207 --> 08:25.032\n并且吸入性的M皮质激素呢，\n\n08:25.032 --> 08:26.307\n它的副作用是比较。\n\n08:27.260 --> 08:27.910\n比较小的，\n\n08:28.260 --> 08:30.709\n第二个就是常性的贝塔受体激动剂。\n\n08:32.984 --> 08:35.934\n长向的贝塔受体的启动进来有助于扩张。\n\n08:37.145 --> 08:39.096\n支气管缓解呼吸困难，\n\n08:39.346 --> 08:40.645\n改善肺功能，\n\n08:40.645 --> 08:40.995\n嗯，\n\n08:40.995 --> 08:42.645\n可以缓解患者的一个。\n\n08:43.481 --> 08:43.682\n嗯。\n\n08:45.036 --> 08:46.286\n呼吸困难的一个症状。\n\n08:48.138 --> 08:48.513\n第三呢，\n\n08:48.513 --> 08:50.338\n就磷酸二酯酶四的抑制剂。\n\n08:51.138 --> 08:52.888\n磷酸二酯酶四抑制剂呢，\n\n08:52.888 --> 08:55.663\n用于治疗中重度肺慢阻肺，\n\n08:55.663 --> 08:57.687\n减少急性加重的频率。\n\n09:00.513 --> 09:00.763\n嗯，\n\n09:00.914 --> 09:03.888\n药物治疗是比较是非常重要的，\n\n09:03.888 --> 09:06.114\n就是首要的一个治疗，\n\n09:06.314 --> 09:07.789\n当然非药物治疗呢，\n\n09:07.789 --> 09:11.213\n也是我们要就是必须要重视的。\n\n09:12.030 --> 09:14.405\n必要治疗主要包括以下几个方面，\n\n09:14.405 --> 09:15.929\n一个是肺的康复训练。\n\n09:16.530 --> 09:18.604\n肺的康复训练是怎么进行的呢？\n\n09:18.604 --> 09:21.030\n也是通过呼吸剧烈和有氧运动，\n\n09:21.830 --> 09:22.229\n嗯，\n\n09:22.530 --> 09:24.330\n可以增强肺功能，\n\n09:24.580 --> 09:27.929\n改善慢阻肺患者的一个呼吸困难的一个症状。\n\n09:30.294 --> 09:30.544\n第二呢，\n\n09:30.544 --> 09:31.443\n就是营养支持。\n\n09:32.267 --> 09:32.867\n营养知识呢，\n\n09:32.867 --> 09:35.017\n就是我们要做到合理的膳食，\n\n09:35.767 --> 09:37.317\n增加蛋白质的摄入，\n\n09:37.317 --> 09:39.317\n减少碳水化合物，\n\n09:39.416 --> 09:41.817\n帮助改善患者的一个营养状况，\n\n09:41.817 --> 09:42.867\n增强体质。\n\n09:44.409 --> 09:45.960\n第三就是建议咨询。\n\n09:47.122 --> 09:47.247\n嗯，\n\n09:47.247 --> 09:48.747\n我们可以帮助患者呢，\n\n09:48.747 --> 09:51.322\n提供一个专业的戒烟服务和心理支持。\n\n09:52.491 --> 09:52.616\n嗯，\n\n09:52.616 --> 09:57.890\n帮助COPD患者的彻底戒除二吸烟这一主要诱因。\n\n09:58.291 --> 09:58.666\n嗯，\n\n09:58.666 --> 09:59.866\n除了戒除吸烟呢，\n\n09:59.866 --> 10:00.690\n要避免接触，\n\n10:00.690 --> 10:02.440\n还有一个要避免接触二手烟。\n\n10:04.903 --> 10:05.078\n嗯，\n\n10:05.078 --> 10:06.453\n康复与支持治疗，\n\n10:06.453 --> 10:07.479\n肺的康复训练，\n\n10:07.479 --> 10:08.453\n我们前面也说了，\n\n10:08.453 --> 10:12.004\n它主要是通过呼吸的练习和有氧运动。\n\n10:14.166 --> 10:17.241\n可以帮助COPD患者改善肺功能，\n\n10:17.241 --> 10:18.515\n提高生活质量。\n\n10:26.085 --> 10:27.409\n第二个就是营养支持。\n\n10:27.409 --> 10:29.284\n营养支持也是合理膳食，\n\n10:29.284 --> 10:30.234\n均衡膳食，\n\n10:30.734 --> 10:31.085\n嗯，\n\n10:31.085 --> 10:32.534\n增加蛋白质摄入，\n\n10:32.534 --> 10:33.635\n避免营养不良。\n\n10:34.135 --> 10:34.534\n嗯，\n\n10:34.684 --> 10:35.835\n提高抵抗力，\n\n10:36.184 --> 10:38.260\n对慢阻肺患者的恢复呢，\n\n10:38.260 --> 10:39.335\n是至关重要的。\n\n10:42.260 --> 10:42.409\n嗯，\n\n10:42.409 --> 10:42.984\n目前呢，\n\n10:42.984 --> 10:46.559\n就是心理辅导也是我们越来越重视的一个板块了，\n\n10:46.859 --> 10:48.260\n对于CO病的患者呢，\n\n10:48.260 --> 10:50.559\n我们可以提供一个心理支持和咨询。\n\n10:51.312 --> 10:51.486\n嗯，\n\n10:51.486 --> 10:56.762\n可以更好的帮助患者来应对这个疾病带来的一些心理压力，\n\n10:57.111 --> 10:57.512\n嗯，\n\n10:57.961 --> 10:58.611\n然后。\n\n10:59.638 --> 11:00.737\n减轻他们的焦虑，\n\n11:01.187 --> 11:01.588\n嗯，\n\n11:01.987 --> 11:05.138\n他达到一个就是增强他治疗的信心，\n\n11:05.987 --> 11:07.838\n这都有于疾病的恢复。\n\n11:13.702 --> 11:14.202\n第五个方面，\n\n11:14.202 --> 11:16.202\n我们来讲下螨虫的预防措施。\n\n11:18.705 --> 11:19.031\n嗯，\n\n11:19.031 --> 11:23.156\n戒烟的重要性我们前面已经讲过了，\n\n11:23.156 --> 11:25.656\n这个戒烟非常非常的重要。\n\n11:28.973 --> 11:29.473\n戒烟的话，\n\n11:29.473 --> 11:31.323\n我们就可以减少肺功能损伤。\n\n11:31.323 --> 11:32.023\n我们知道，\n\n11:32.124 --> 11:34.874\n长期的吸烟会损害肺功能。\n\n11:35.857 --> 11:39.158\n那么戒烟就有助于减缓肺功能下降，\n\n11:39.357 --> 11:41.857\n从而达到预防慢阻肺的目的。\n\n11:44.382 --> 11:44.807\n戒烟呢，\n\n11:44.807 --> 11:46.432\n还可以降低慢性炎症。\n\n11:47.288 --> 11:49.737\n吸烟也是慢性炎症的主要诱因。\n\n11:51.036 --> 11:51.461\n戒烟呢，\n\n11:51.461 --> 11:52.937\n就可以减少体内炎症，\n\n11:53.236 --> 11:54.986\n降低慢阻肺的一个风险。\n\n11:57.289 --> 11:57.939\n我们知道，\n\n11:58.439 --> 11:59.189\n吸烟呢，\n\n11:59.189 --> 12:00.539\n除了对COPD，\n\n12:00.638 --> 12:02.588\n它是一个主要的风险因素，\n\n12:02.838 --> 12:04.564\n对心血管健康来说，\n\n12:04.564 --> 12:06.489\n它也是一个主要的风险因素。\n\n12:06.888 --> 12:07.439\n所以呢，\n\n12:07.439 --> 12:08.064\n戒烟呢，\n\n12:08.064 --> 12:09.739\n也可以改善心血管健康。\n\n12:12.335 --> 12:14.935\n可以预防相关的一个并发症。\n\n12:18.749 --> 12:19.499\n所以戒烟呢，\n\n12:19.499 --> 12:22.948\n对于呼吸系统和心循环系统来说都是至关重要的。\n\n12:24.828 --> 12:26.328\n第二个就是环境与资源保护。\n\n12:27.495 --> 12:28.596\n环境资源保护呢，\n\n12:28.995 --> 12:30.070\n没能做到的，\n\n12:30.070 --> 12:30.796\n这是一个。\n\n12:32.252 --> 12:32.452\n嗯，\n\n12:32.502 --> 12:34.026\n就是社会性的任务吧，\n\n12:34.026 --> 12:35.752\n就是一个减少空气污染。\n\n12:36.573 --> 12:36.674\n嗯，\n\n12:36.674 --> 12:37.924\n在工业生产中呢，\n\n12:37.924 --> 12:40.973\n就是我们要使用一个高效的过滤的系统，\n\n12:41.323 --> 12:43.174\n减少有害气体的排放。\n\n12:44.114 --> 12:46.715\n起到一个保护这个工人，\n\n12:47.015 --> 12:48.265\n保护我们公众，\n\n12:48.715 --> 12:49.815\n我们公共健康。\n\n12:51.960 --> 12:55.960\n那么对于一些特定的一些职业人群呢，\n\n12:56.159 --> 12:58.109\n我们要改善他的工作环境，\n\n12:58.359 --> 13:02.109\n为他们提供一个良好的一个通风设施。\n\n13:03.098 --> 13:03.247\n嗯，\n\n13:03.247 --> 13:06.197\n定期监测工作场所的空气质量，\n\n13:06.398 --> 13:08.848\n预防职业性的呼吸系统疾病。\n\n13:09.950 --> 13:11.150\n对于个人来说呢，\n\n13:11.150 --> 13:12.450\n我们要做好防护。\n\n13:13.244 --> 13:20.544\n要鼓励使用一些有防尘的口罩和呼吸器等个人防护设备、个人防护的装备，\n\n13:20.994 --> 13:23.893\n减少吸入有害的颗粒物的风险。\n\n13:26.513 --> 13:26.713\n嗯，\n\n13:26.713 --> 13:28.413\n一个健康的生活方式，\n\n13:28.963 --> 13:31.812\n戒因前面我们已经反复在说了，\n\n13:31.812 --> 13:34.413\n这里就不再赘述了啊。\n\n13:34.413 --> 13:35.187\n均衡饮食，\n\n13:35.187 --> 13:36.513\n前面我们也提到了。\n\n13:37.354 --> 13:39.554\n平衡饮食就摄入各类的营养。\n\n13:40.559 --> 13:41.335\n均衡饮食的话，\n\n13:41.335 --> 13:43.260\n就它也可以增强我们的体质。\n\n13:43.760 --> 13:44.710\n增强体质呢，\n\n13:44.710 --> 13:46.859\n就有助于提高呼吸系统的抵抗力。\n\n13:47.835 --> 13:47.934\n嗯，\n\n13:47.934 --> 13:48.859\n适当的运动，\n\n13:48.859 --> 13:50.085\n适当适度，\n\n13:50.385 --> 13:51.684\n科学坚持，\n\n13:52.484 --> 13:56.284\n所以要定期的进行一个适当适度的运动，\n\n13:56.284 --> 13:57.010\n散步啊，\n\n13:57.010 --> 13:57.510\n游泳啊。\n\n13:57.510 --> 13:58.484\n对于老年患者，\n\n13:58.484 --> 13:59.734\n可以练练八段锦。\n\n14:00.585 --> 14:01.885\n可以增强心肺功能，\n\n14:02.036 --> 14:03.411\n预防，\n\n14:03.411 --> 14:04.486\n慢阻肺的发生。\n\n14:07.603 --> 14:07.927\n最后呢，\n\n14:07.927 --> 14:10.802\n我们来讲一下慢阻肺的一个护理。\n\n14:14.794 --> 14:15.794\n日常的生活管理。\n\n14:17.841 --> 14:18.815\n现在的生活管理呢，\n\n14:18.815 --> 14:19.291\n就是。\n\n14:20.736 --> 14:21.085\n饮食。\n\n14:23.153 --> 14:24.679\n饮食那方面我们要注意什么呢？\n\n14:24.679 --> 14:25.778\n对于慢阻来说，\n\n14:25.778 --> 14:29.804\n要选择一些容易消化的高蛋白的食物，\n\n14:30.153 --> 14:32.953\n要避免一些产气多的食物。\n\n14:33.521 --> 14:34.271\n减少腹胀，\n\n14:34.372 --> 14:35.921\n减少呼吸困难的发生。\n\n14:37.161 --> 14:38.185\n适度的运动，\n\n14:38.185 --> 14:39.236\n前面我们讲过的，\n\n14:39.236 --> 14:40.210\n要适度的运动，\n\n14:40.361 --> 14:44.510\n要定期进行呼吸肌的训练和有氧运动，\n\n14:44.810 --> 14:45.786\n散步啊，\n\n14:45.786 --> 14:47.760\n太极，\n\n14:47.760 --> 14:49.286\n游泳，\n\n14:49.286 --> 14:51.210\n这些都有助于增强体质，\n\n14:51.510 --> 14:53.911\n从而起到改善肺功能的一个功效。\n\n14:55.718 --> 14:56.119\n嗯，\n\n14:56.619 --> 14:57.968\n避免烟雾和污染，\n\n14:58.018 --> 14:59.218\n戒烟是关键。\n\n14:59.568 --> 15:00.518\n同时呢，\n\n15:00.518 --> 15:01.968\n还要避免接触二手烟。\n\n15:02.927 --> 15:03.877\n一些尘埃啊，\n\n15:03.877 --> 15:04.452\n颗粒啊，\n\n15:04.452 --> 15:05.226\n化学物质，\n\n15:05.677 --> 15:06.077\n嗯，\n\n15:06.127 --> 15:08.077\n减少慢阻肺症状的加重。\n\n15:12.098 --> 15:14.098\n所以如何应对急性加重，\n\n15:14.098 --> 15:15.898\n我要识别一个早期的症状。\n\n15:17.028 --> 15:23.278\n慢阻风患者我们要学会识别呼吸困难、咳嗽加剧等急性加重的早期信号。\n\n15:23.778 --> 15:25.403\n一旦出现了咳嗽，\n\n15:25.403 --> 15:27.604\n咳痰较前加重，\n\n15:27.604 --> 15:30.479\n咳黄脓痰、呼吸困难、咯血、高热。\n\n15:31.278 --> 15:32.877\n等等等等等一些，\n\n15:33.228 --> 15:33.627\n嗯。\n\n15:35.072 --> 15:37.372\n急性加重的症状就要及时就医。\n\n15:39.098 --> 15:40.197\n避免病情的恶化。\n\n15:41.690 --> 15:42.539\n合理使用药物，\n\n15:42.539 --> 15:44.815\n对一些COPD稳定的患者呢，\n\n15:45.015 --> 15:50.340\n要在医生的指导下要规律的正确的使用药物啊，\n\n15:50.340 --> 15:53.215\n包括稀有性的糖皮激素和支气管扩张剂，\n\n15:53.465 --> 15:55.640\n从而控制症状啊，\n\n15:55.640 --> 15:57.765\n也避免一些急性症状的发生。\n\n15:59.737 --> 16:00.888\n心理支持与教育。\n\n16:01.780 --> 16:02.979\n心理支持教育呢，\n\n16:02.979 --> 16:05.630\n就是可以建立一个支持小组。\n\n16:06.726 --> 16:11.677\n通过组织患者诊治小组可以病友之间可以分享经验，\n\n16:11.677 --> 16:12.526\n相互鼓励。\n\n16:13.229 --> 16:14.380\n来减轻心理压力。\n\n16:16.979 --> 16:17.130\n嗯，\n\n16:17.130 --> 16:18.705\n对于音乐工作者来说呢，\n\n16:18.705 --> 16:23.179\n我们可以开展一些相关的教育课程小讲课。\n\n16:24.072 --> 16:24.223\n嗯，\n\n16:24.223 --> 16:25.797\n帮助他们患者呢，\n\n16:25.797 --> 16:26.723\n更好的理解。\n\n16:27.937 --> 16:28.513\nCOPD,\n\n16:28.713 --> 16:30.263\n提高自我管理能力。\n\n16:31.119 --> 16:31.494\n第三呢，\n\n16:31.494 --> 16:32.770\n就是心理咨询服务。\n\n16:33.460 --> 16:33.659\n嗯，\n\n16:33.760 --> 16:36.909\n可以提供一些专业的心理咨询服务。\n\n16:37.820 --> 16:41.570\n帮助患者来应对疾病带来的焦虑和抑郁情绪。\n\n16:45.823 --> 16:46.023\n嗯，\n\n16:46.023 --> 16:47.973\n以上就是我今天的分享。\n\n16:48.916 --> 16:49.065\n嗯，\n\n16:49.065 --> 16:50.716\n谢谢大家的聆听。\n\n","v0347cg10004d76bg5aljhtai1ussbi0",1016,581,"2026-01-26 12:52:17","慢阻肺的概述及它的症状诊断","慢阻肺是第三大窒息性疾病。尤其在中老年人群呢，它的发病率是比较高的。 危险因素表现为主要是长期的吸烟。","2026-06-11 10:36:16",[35],{"menuId":36,"menuName":37,"parentId":17,"orderNum":38,"path":39,"component":40,"isFrame":41,"isCache":42,"menuType":43,"visible":21,"status":17,"createDept":6,"remark":24,"createTime":44,"children":45,"columnImage":46,"columnLogo":47,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":17,"isHome":17,"forceLogin":17,"color":6,"seoTitle":48,"seoKeywords":49,"seoDescription":50,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":51,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":52,"routerPath":39,"componentInfo":40},"1986622624134549505","科普视频",3,"video","/video.html","1","0","T","2025-11-07 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