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--> 00:12.378\n可以了吗？\n\n00:17.423 --> 00:17.697\n大家好，\n\n00:17.697 --> 00:21.747\n我是上海市普陀区中心医院急诊内科的主治医生，\n\n00:21.747 --> 00:22.648\n我叫邵周俊。\n\n00:22.648 --> 00:27.122\n今天我和大家分享一下上呼吸道感染的认识，\n\n00:27.122 --> 00:28.273\n预防与治疗。\n\n00:34.972 --> 00:38.423\n那么首先我们了解一下什么是上呼吸道感染。\n\n00:42.907 --> 00:49.207\n上呼吸道感染的定义上呼吸道感染是鼻腔、咽或喉部的急性炎症的概称，\n\n00:49.356 --> 00:51.657\n是最常见的呼吸道传染病。\n\n00:51.806 --> 00:56.006\n从鼻腔到喉部之间的这一段区域发生的急性炎症，\n\n00:56.006 --> 00:58.256\n都可以归类为上呼吸道感染。\n\n00:59.485 --> 01:00.784\n它并非单一的疾病，\n\n01:00.784 --> 01:03.034\n而是涵盖了多种表现形式，\n\n01:03.235 --> 01:08.635\n像我们平常所说的伤风感冒都处于上呼吸道感染的范畴。\n\n01:12.266 --> 01:14.916\n上呼吸道感染的常见症状有哪些呢？\n\n01:15.652 --> 01:16.402\n鼻部症状，\n\n01:16.552 --> 01:18.902\n鼻塞是很常见的症状，\n\n01:18.902 --> 01:19.851\n鼻子不通气，\n\n01:19.851 --> 01:21.152\n呼吸受到影响，\n\n01:21.302 --> 01:23.652\n严重时可能需要张口呼吸，\n\n01:23.952 --> 01:25.177\n频繁的打喷嚏，\n\n01:25.177 --> 01:26.001\n一个接一个，\n\n01:26.001 --> 01:26.777\n难以控制，\n\n01:26.777 --> 01:30.702\n有时还会伴有大量清水样鼻涕的流出，\n\n01:30.702 --> 01:32.702\n2.3天后鼻涕可能会粘稠。\n\n01:33.001 --> 01:34.001\n咽部症状，\n\n01:34.202 --> 01:34.777\n咽痛，\n\n01:34.777 --> 01:37.052\n吞咽时疼痛可能会加重。\n\n01:37.844 --> 01:38.994\n感觉喉咙里有异物，\n\n01:38.994 --> 01:39.793\n干痒不适，\n\n01:39.893 --> 01:41.293\n总想清嗓子，\n\n01:41.293 --> 01:44.594\n咽痒和灼热感让人忍不住咳嗽咳嗽，\n\n01:44.594 --> 01:46.494\n但咳嗽通常不剧烈。\n\n01:47.616 --> 01:49.692\n喉部的症状有声音嘶哑，\n\n01:49.692 --> 01:52.092\n说话时嗓音变得粗哑，\n\n01:52.092 --> 01:55.116\n严重时甚至不能说不出话。\n\n01:56.317 --> 01:56.942\n讲话困难，\n\n01:56.942 --> 01:58.391\n发声时喉部疼痛，\n\n01:58.391 --> 02:01.266\n有时还能听到喉部的喘息声。\n\n02:01.666 --> 02:04.516\n全身的症状有发热、体温升高，\n\n02:04.567 --> 02:06.491\n严重者可能会有高热，\n\n02:06.491 --> 02:08.667\n同时伴有畏寒怕冷的感觉。\n\n02:09.606 --> 02:09.955\n头痛，\n\n02:09.955 --> 02:11.330\n感觉头部胀痛，\n\n02:11.330 --> 02:11.805\n昏沉，\n\n02:11.805 --> 02:14.455\n影响日常的工作和生活。\n\n02:14.455 --> 02:15.455\n全身酸痛，\n\n02:15.606 --> 02:18.330\n肌肉和关节好像被重物压过一样，\n\n02:18.330 --> 02:19.305\n酸痛无力，\n\n02:19.356 --> 02:20.755\n让人十分难受。\n\n02:24.199 --> 02:25.699\n上呼吸道感染的病因。\n\n02:26.912 --> 02:28.462\n最常见的是病毒感染。\n\n02:28.662 --> 02:33.111\n约70%.80%的上呼吸道感染由病毒引起。\n\n02:33.261 --> 02:35.011\n这些病毒种类繁多，\n\n02:35.111 --> 02:39.686\n包括鼻病毒、冠状病毒、腺病毒、流感和副流感病毒，\n\n02:39.686 --> 02:44.311\n以及呼吸道合胞病毒、埃可病毒和柯萨奇病毒等。\n\n02:44.311 --> 02:45.462\n比如鼻病毒，\n\n02:45.462 --> 02:48.712\n它是引起普通感冒最常见的病毒之一，\n\n02:48.811 --> 02:53.037\n通过飞空气飞沫传播在人群密集场所，\n\n02:53.037 --> 02:54.611\n如学校和办公室等，\n\n02:54.611 --> 02:56.011\n很容易传播开来。\n\n02:57.445 --> 03:01.895\n细菌感染另有20%.30%的上感为细菌引起，\n\n03:02.095 --> 03:05.445\n可单纯发生或继发于病毒感染之后，\n\n03:05.546 --> 03:09.121\n以口腔定植菌、溶血性链球菌为多见，\n\n03:09.121 --> 03:15.046\n其次为流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌和葡萄球菌等。\n\n03:15.643 --> 03:17.143\n偶见革兰阴性杆菌，\n\n03:17.292 --> 03:19.143\n当身体抵抗力下降时，\n\n03:19.143 --> 03:24.867\n原本存在于口腔、鼻腔中的细菌就可能大量繁殖，\n\n03:24.867 --> 03:25.768\n引发感染。\n\n03:25.768 --> 03:26.942\n比如在感冒后，\n\n03:27.192 --> 03:28.667\n呼吸道粘膜受损，\n\n03:28.667 --> 03:29.843\n细菌就容易。\n\n03:30.621 --> 03:31.246\n趁虚而入，\n\n03:31.246 --> 03:32.572\n导致病情的加重。\n\n03:33.451 --> 03:34.850\n感冒的诱发因素，\n\n03:35.251 --> 03:40.701\n淋雨、受凉、气候突变、过度劳累等都可降低呼吸道局部防御功能，\n\n03:41.050 --> 03:45.276\n致使原存的病菌或病毒或细菌迅速繁殖，\n\n03:45.276 --> 03:48.350\n或者直接接触含有病原体的患者。\n\n03:48.451 --> 03:52.550\n喷嚏、空气以及污染的手和用具诱发本病。\n\n03:54.005 --> 03:56.005\n老弱、体幼、免疫功能低下，\n\n03:56.005 --> 04:01.305\n或有慢性呼吸道疾病如鼻窦炎、扁桃体炎格者更容易发病，\n\n04:01.505 --> 04:04.005\n例如老年人身体机能衰退。\n\n04:05.326 --> 04:06.026\n免疫功能。\n\n04:07.050 --> 04:07.324\n减弱，\n\n04:07.324 --> 04:10.050\n更容易受到上呼吸道感染的侵袭。\n\n04:12.061 --> 04:14.686\n上呼吸道感染的类型包括普通感冒，\n\n04:14.686 --> 04:15.710\n俗称伤风，\n\n04:15.860 --> 04:19.936\n又称急性鼻炎或上呼吸道卡塔瘤病毒感染引起，\n\n04:19.936 --> 04:20.860\n起病较急，\n\n04:21.110 --> 04:22.885\n主要表现为鼻部症状，\n\n04:22.885 --> 04:25.960\n如喷嚏、鼻塞、流清水样鼻涕，\n\n04:25.960 --> 04:29.911\n也可表现为咳嗽、咽干、咽痒或烧灼感，\n\n04:29.911 --> 04:31.960\n甚至鼻后滴漏感。\n\n04:33.722 --> 04:35.822\n3天后2.3天后鼻涕变稠，\n\n04:35.822 --> 04:40.872\n可伴咽痛、头痛、流泪、味觉迟钝、呼吸不畅、声嘶等。\n\n04:40.872 --> 04:44.472\n有时由于咽鼓管炎导致听力减弱，\n\n04:44.472 --> 04:47.722\n严重者有发热、轻度畏寒和头痛等。\n\n04:47.722 --> 04:50.523\n体检可见鼻腔粘膜充血、水肿，\n\n04:50.523 --> 04:51.222\n有分泌物，\n\n04:51.222 --> 04:52.972\n咽部可为轻度充血。\n\n04:53.222 --> 04:55.497\n一般近5.7天后痊愈，\n\n04:55.497 --> 04:55.822\n并。\n\n04:57.816 --> 05:00.316\n有并发症者可致病程的迁延。\n\n05:01.247 --> 05:04.260\n急性病毒性咽炎和喉炎由鼻病毒，\n\n05:04.260 --> 05:04.872\n腺病毒，\n\n05:04.872 --> 05:05.798\n流感病毒，\n\n05:05.898 --> 05:08.023\n副流感病毒以及肠病毒，\n\n05:08.023 --> 05:09.798\n呼吸道合胞病毒等引起。\n\n05:10.048 --> 05:13.023\n临床表现为咽痒和灼热感，\n\n05:13.023 --> 05:14.023\n咽痛不明显，\n\n05:14.023 --> 05:14.597\n咳嗽，\n\n05:14.947 --> 05:15.997\n咳嗽少见。\n\n05:16.197 --> 05:18.197\n急性咽炎多为流感病毒，\n\n05:18.197 --> 05:20.923\n副流感病毒及腺病毒等引起。\n\n05:20.923 --> 05:23.497\n临床表现为明显声嘶，\n\n05:23.497 --> 05:24.298\n讲话困难，\n\n05:24.298 --> 05:25.472\n可有发热，\n\n05:25.472 --> 05:26.747\n咽痛或咳嗽，\n\n05:26.898 --> 05:27.747\n咳嗽时。\n\n05:28.738 --> 05:29.912\n咽喉疼痛加重。\n\n05:29.912 --> 05:31.388\n体检可见咽部。\n\n05:32.477 --> 05:35.727\n头部充血、水肿、局部淋巴结轻度肿大和。\n\n05:37.240 --> 05:37.540\n触痛，\n\n05:37.540 --> 05:40.341\n有时可闻及喉部的喘鸣。\n\n05:42.257 --> 05:46.108\n急性疱疹性咽峡炎多由科下奇病毒A引起，\n\n05:46.108 --> 05:48.007\n表现为明显咽痛、发热，\n\n05:48.058 --> 05:49.358\n病程约为1周。\n\n05:50.213 --> 05:51.864\n查体可见咽部充血，\n\n05:52.014 --> 05:57.713\n软腭、悬雍、垂咽及扁桃体表面有灰白色疱疹及浅表溃疡，\n\n05:57.764 --> 05:59.014\n周围伴红晕。\n\n05:59.809 --> 06:00.635\n多发于夏季，\n\n06:00.635 --> 06:01.559\n多见于儿童，\n\n06:01.559 --> 06:03.010\n有偶见于成人。\n\n06:03.010 --> 06:07.859\n在幼儿园、学校等儿童聚集的地方容易出现小规模的传播。\n\n06:08.946 --> 06:12.971\n急性咽结膜炎表现主要为腺病毒、柯萨奇病毒引起，\n\n06:12.971 --> 06:16.795\n表现为发热、咽痛、畏光、流泪、咽及结膜明显充血。\n\n06:16.795 --> 06:17.871\n病程4.6天，\n\n06:17.871 --> 06:18.895\n多发于夏季，\n\n06:19.045 --> 06:20.170\n由游泳传播，\n\n06:20.170 --> 06:21.045\n儿童多见。\n\n06:23.615 --> 06:27.066\n细菌性咽扁桃体炎病原体多为溶血性链球菌，\n\n06:27.066 --> 06:31.515\n其次为流血嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌、葡萄球菌等。\n\n06:31.615 --> 06:32.390\n起病急，\n\n06:32.390 --> 06:33.191\n咽痛明显，\n\n06:33.191 --> 06:34.865\n伴发热、畏寒，\n\n06:34.865 --> 06:37.415\n体温可达39°C以上。\n\n06:39.585 --> 06:42.635\n查体可发现咽部明显充血，\n\n06:43.036 --> 06:44.786\n扁桃体肿大充血。\n\n06:45.717 --> 06:46.467\n表面有。\n\n06:47.386 --> 06:48.937\n黄色脓性分泌物。\n\n06:50.470 --> 06:52.869\n有时伴有颌下淋巴结肿大、压痛。\n\n06:54.393 --> 06:57.342\n肺部查体无明显异常体征。\n\n06:58.563 --> 07:00.713\n上呼吸道感染的诊断方法包括，\n\n07:00.713 --> 07:01.813\n症状判断，\n\n07:01.963 --> 07:06.414\n根据患者出现的鼻塞、流涕、咽痛、咳嗽、发热等典型症状，\n\n07:06.414 --> 07:09.563\n医生可以初步诊断是否为上呼吸道感染。\n\n07:10.605 --> 07:10.829\n患者，\n\n07:10.829 --> 07:12.554\n如果先是出现了打喷嚏，\n\n07:12.554 --> 07:13.130\n流清涕，\n\n07:13.130 --> 07:14.554\n随后又有咽痛咳嗽，\n\n07:14.654 --> 07:16.329\n很可能就是上呼吸道感染，\n\n07:16.329 --> 07:18.204\n但仅凭症状还不能确诊，\n\n07:18.304 --> 07:20.105\n还需要结合其他检查。\n\n07:20.890 --> 07:22.066\n包括血液的检查，\n\n07:22.066 --> 07:23.316\n因多为病毒性感染，\n\n07:23.316 --> 07:25.591\n白细胞计数常正常或偏低，\n\n07:25.591 --> 07:27.540\n伴淋巴细胞比例增高。\n\n07:27.540 --> 07:32.740\n细菌感染者可有白细胞计数与中性粒细胞增增多和核左移现象。\n\n07:32.941 --> 07:35.290\n通过血常规检查医生可以了解。\n\n07:36.028 --> 07:39.628\n患者血液中白细胞、淋巴细胞数的等的数量变化，\n\n07:39.628 --> 07:42.329\n从而判断是病毒感染还是细菌感染，\n\n07:42.329 --> 07:44.678\n为后续的治疗提供依据。\n\n07:46.532 --> 07:49.157\n病原学检查一般无需明确病原学检查。\n\n07:49.157 --> 07:49.481\n因为。\n\n07:50.305 --> 07:53.855\n病毒种类繁多且明确类型对治疗无明显帮助。\n\n07:54.055 --> 07:56.006\n但是在特殊情况下，\n\n07:56.006 --> 08:03.605\n可用免疫荧光法、酶联免疫吸附法、血清学诊断和病毒分离鉴定等方法确定病毒的类型。\n\n08:03.805 --> 08:05.805\n细菌培养可判断细菌类型，\n\n08:05.805 --> 08:08.855\n并做药物敏感试验以指导临床用药。\n\n08:12.028 --> 08:15.579\n上呼吸道感染的鉴别诊断与过敏性鼻炎的区别？\n\n08:16.321 --> 08:18.020\n过敏性鼻炎起病急骤，\n\n08:18.270 --> 08:21.270\n常表现为鼻粘膜充血和分泌物增多，\n\n08:21.471 --> 08:25.821\n伴有突发的连续喷嚏、鼻痒、鼻塞、大量清涕，\n\n08:25.821 --> 08:26.446\n无发热，\n\n08:26.446 --> 08:27.321\n咳嗽较少。\n\n08:28.114 --> 08:32.965\n多有过敏因素如螨虫、灰尘、动物皮毛、低温点等刺激引起，\n\n08:32.965 --> 08:35.914\n如脱离过敏原数分钟至1.2小时，\n\n08:35.914 --> 08:36.914\n症状即消失。\n\n08:36.965 --> 08:39.489\n检查可见鼻粘膜苍白充血，\n\n08:39.489 --> 08:43.164\n鼻分泌物物图片可见嗜酸性粒细胞增多。\n\n08:43.265 --> 08:44.590\n皮肤增刺是过敏，\n\n08:44.590 --> 08:46.164\n试验可明确过敏原。\n\n08:46.843 --> 08:48.193\n与流行性感冒的区别。\n\n08:48.193 --> 08:48.693\n流感。\n\n08:49.638 --> 08:50.789\n为流感病毒引起，\n\n08:50.789 --> 08:52.705\n可为散发时有小规模流行，\n\n08:52.705 --> 08:55.189\n病毒发生变异时可大规模爆发。\n\n08:55.289 --> 08:57.239\n疾病及鼻咽部症状较轻，\n\n08:57.239 --> 08:58.989\n但全身症状较重，\n\n08:59.088 --> 09:02.388\n伴高热、全身酸痛和眼结膜炎症状。\n\n09:05.072 --> 09:10.971\n上呼吸道感染的并发症呼吸道的并发症少数患者可并发急性的鼻窦炎，\n\n09:11.122 --> 09:12.171\n出现鼻塞，\n\n09:12.171 --> 09:12.921\n流脓涕，\n\n09:13.171 --> 09:14.747\n头痛等等症状，\n\n09:14.747 --> 09:16.622\n严重影响生活质量。\n\n09:16.671 --> 09:19.872\n中耳炎也是常见的并发症之一，\n\n09:19.872 --> 09:20.771\n患者会。\n\n09:21.646 --> 09:24.796\n感到耳部疼痛、耳鸣、听力下降等。\n\n09:26.049 --> 09:28.724\n气管支气管炎表现为咳嗽、咳痰加重，\n\n09:28.724 --> 09:30.700\n严重时可能会影响呼吸。\n\n09:31.049 --> 09:32.049\n其他并发症，\n\n09:32.049 --> 09:34.150\n以咽炎为表现的上呼吸道感染，\n\n09:34.150 --> 09:35.549\n部分患者可继发。\n\n09:35.599 --> 09:37.650\n溶血性链球菌引起的风湿热，\n\n09:37.650 --> 09:40.575\n出现关节疼痛、肿胀、发热等症状，\n\n09:40.575 --> 09:43.150\n严重时还可能影响心脏功能。\n\n09:43.299 --> 09:47.500\n肾小球肾炎患者可能出现血尿、蛋白尿、水肿等症状，\n\n09:47.549 --> 09:49.700\n对肾脏功能造成损害。\n\n09:49.700 --> 09:50.250\n损害，\n\n09:50.450 --> 09:53.224\n少数患者可并发病毒性心肌炎，\n\n09:53.224 --> 09:56.200\n出现心慌、胸闷、胸痛、呼吸困难等。\n\n09:56.312 --> 09:58.711\n症状严重时甚至危及生命，\n\n09:58.711 --> 09:59.861\n需要特别警惕。\n\n10:01.192 --> 10:03.093\n上呼吸道感染的治疗方法。\n\n10:03.971 --> 10:07.721\n一般治疗包括注意适当休息，\n\n10:07.771 --> 10:09.872\n保证充足的睡眠，\n\n10:09.872 --> 10:11.771\n让身体得到充分的恢复。\n\n10:11.872 --> 10:14.271\n过度劳累可能会加重病情，\n\n10:14.471 --> 10:18.872\n所以患病期间一定要避免熬夜和过度的工作。\n\n10:20.075 --> 10:22.299\n多饮开水有助于稀释痰液，\n\n10:22.299 --> 10:23.174\n缓解咳嗽，\n\n10:23.174 --> 10:25.450\n还能促进新陈代谢，\n\n10:25.450 --> 10:27.125\n帮助身体排出毒素，\n\n10:27.125 --> 10:30.388\n每天至少要喝1500.2000ml的水，\n\n10:30.388 --> 10:33.424\n发热期间宜给流质或易消化食物，\n\n10:33.474 --> 10:35.424\n如米粥、面条、果汁等，\n\n10:35.424 --> 10:38.875\n避免食用辛辣、油腻、刺激性的食物，\n\n10:38.875 --> 10:40.775\n以免加重胃肠道的负担。\n\n10:41.075 --> 10:41.875\n注意口。\n\n10:42.908 --> 10:43.934\n眼、鼻的清洁。\n\n10:43.934 --> 10:47.008\n保持室内空气流通及适当的。\n\n10:48.039 --> 10:50.838\n温湿度可以使用加湿器，\n\n10:51.039 --> 10:55.439\n保持室内湿湿度在40.60%，\n\n10:55.789 --> 10:59.239\n有助于呼吸道粘膜的湿嗯湿润，\n\n10:59.239 --> 11:00.539\n缓解不适症状。\n\n11:01.419 --> 11:03.195\n对症治疗高热处理，\n\n11:03.195 --> 11:05.744\n高热时可以可给予物理降温，\n\n11:05.744 --> 11:11.044\n如用温水擦拭额头、腋窝、腹股沟等大血管丰富的部位，\n\n11:11.044 --> 11:13.619\n通过水分的蒸发带走热量，\n\n11:13.619 --> 11:14.469\n降低体温。\n\n11:14.469 --> 11:18.169\n也可口服阿司匹林、布洛芬等解热镇痛药，\n\n11:18.219 --> 11:19.669\n但要注意说明，\n\n11:19.869 --> 11:22.320\n按照说明书或医嘱的剂量服用，\n\n11:22.320 --> 11:23.219\n避免过量。\n\n11:23.856 --> 11:24.806\n鼻塞的缓解，\n\n11:24.856 --> 11:26.005\n如鼻塞重，\n\n11:26.005 --> 11:30.705\n可以在进食前用或睡前用0.5%的麻黄碱滴鼻，\n\n11:31.056 --> 11:32.755\n可减轻鼻粘膜充血，\n\n11:32.755 --> 11:34.106\n缓解鼻塞症状，\n\n11:34.205 --> 11:35.755\n让呼吸更通畅。\n\n11:35.806 --> 11:37.580\n但使用时间不宜过长，\n\n11:37.580 --> 11:39.306\n以免引起药物性鼻炎。\n\n11:39.505 --> 11:42.556\n抗病毒药物的治疗可适用病毒唑，\n\n11:42.606 --> 11:44.255\n为广谱抗病毒药物，\n\n11:44.255 --> 11:46.931\n剂量每日10.15mg，\n\n11:46.931 --> 11:49.455\n每千克用病毒唑片两毫克，\n\n11:49.455 --> 11:50.255\n每日6次，\n\n11:50.306 --> 11:52.455\n热退后可改为每日3次。\n\n11:53.088 --> 11:54.838\n疗程一般为3.5日，\n\n11:54.888 --> 11:57.789\n也可使用0.5%病毒唑滴鼻，\n\n11:57.989 --> 11:59.614\n每1.2小时一次。\n\n11:59.614 --> 12:03.989\n但要注意抗病毒药物的使用需要在医生的指导下进行，\n\n12:04.338 --> 12:06.338\n不能自行随意使用。\n\n12:06.539 --> 12:07.864\n控制细菌感染，\n\n12:07.864 --> 12:08.638\n病重时，\n\n12:08.638 --> 12:10.888\n继发细菌感染或并发症时。\n\n12:11.956 --> 12:13.206\n可选用抗菌药物，\n\n12:13.206 --> 12:17.906\n常用的有青霉素类、第一代孢菌素类、大环内酯类或喹诺酮类。\n\n12:17.956 --> 12:18.731\n但要注意，\n\n12:18.731 --> 12:21.807\n16岁以下的患者禁止使用喹诺酮类药物，\n\n12:21.956 --> 12:23.706\n使用抗菌素一定要严格。\n\n12:24.849 --> 12:27.549\n按照医嘱足量服用，\n\n12:27.549 --> 12:29.650\n不能症状一缓解就停药，\n\n12:29.650 --> 12:31.450\n以免细菌产生耐药性。\n\n12:31.549 --> 12:32.450\n中医疗法，\n\n12:32.450 --> 12:35.049\n上呼吸道感染在中医称伤风感冒，\n\n12:35.200 --> 12:36.974\n需根据临床辨症用药，\n\n12:36.974 --> 12:40.700\n比如风热感冒可选用银翘散、双黄连。\n\n12:41.685 --> 12:43.210\n等清热解毒的中药，\n\n12:43.210 --> 12:46.835\n风寒感冒可选用藿香正气散等温温。\n\n12:48.750 --> 12:49.700\n清解表的中药，\n\n12:49.700 --> 12:51.651\n中药治疗不仅可以缓解症状，\n\n12:51.651 --> 12:53.926\n还能调节身体的免疫力，\n\n12:53.926 --> 12:55.101\n促进病情的恢复。\n\n12:55.101 --> 12:58.601\n但需要在中医师的指导下合理用药。\n\n12:59.570 --> 13:03.520\n上呼吸道感染的预防措施包括消毒、隔离、预防。\n\n13:03.619 --> 13:05.770\n感冒流行期间应避免。\n\n13:06.723 --> 13:07.697\n去公共场所，\n\n13:07.697 --> 13:10.773\n如商场、电影院、车站等人群密集的地方，\n\n13:10.872 --> 13:14.122\n非外出不不可使应戴口罩，\n\n13:14.172 --> 13:17.372\n避免病毒吸入和避免交叉感染。\n\n13:17.622 --> 13:19.922\n居室应保持空气清新，\n\n13:20.172 --> 13:21.622\n经常打开空气，\n\n13:21.622 --> 13:22.822\n嗯窗户通风，\n\n13:22.922 --> 13:24.348\n每日至少一次，\n\n13:24.348 --> 13:25.622\n每次20分钟。\n\n13:25.672 --> 13:28.598\n定期将居室门窗紧闭，\n\n13:28.598 --> 13:32.723\n每立方米空间用食醋10.55ml，\n\n13:32.773 --> 13:34.473\n加水一被稀释后。\n\n13:35.041 --> 13:35.341\n嗯，\n\n13:35.640 --> 13:39.791\n加热熏蒸两小时能起到消毒空气作用，\n\n13:39.791 --> 13:41.991\n有条件者可每天消毒一次。\n\n13:42.241 --> 13:43.241\n戒烟少酒，\n\n13:43.440 --> 13:46.741\n烟草中含有尼古丁等30多种毒物，\n\n13:46.791 --> 13:50.791\n吸烟有助于细菌病毒在呼吸道生长繁殖，\n\n13:50.890 --> 13:53.440\n长期酗酒可使免疫力下降，\n\n13:53.591 --> 13:54.241\n因此。\n\n13:55.765 --> 13:57.815\n戒烟、少饮酒是预防感冒的。\n\n13:58.705 --> 14:00.005\n重要措施之一，\n\n14:00.205 --> 14:03.580\n戒烟后呼吸道的抵抗力会逐步增强，\n\n14:03.580 --> 14:04.955\n减少感染的机会。\n\n14:06.242 --> 14:11.567\n适当饮酒或不饮酒也有助于维持身体的正常免疫功能。\n\n14:11.567 --> 14:12.893\n注意劳逸的结合，\n\n14:13.043 --> 14:14.442\n生活要有规律，\n\n14:14.442 --> 14:17.192\n每天定时起床、睡觉、工作、就餐。\n\n14:18.234 --> 14:19.758\n睡眠应充足，\n\n14:19.758 --> 14:23.008\n一般成年人每天需要7.8小时的睡眠，\n\n14:23.008 --> 14:25.033\n儿童和青少年需要更多。\n\n14:25.234 --> 14:26.447\n避免过度疲劳，\n\n14:26.447 --> 14:28.833\n过度劳累会使身体的免疫力下降，\n\n14:28.934 --> 14:31.083\n容易引起病毒和细菌的侵蚀，\n\n14:31.333 --> 14:33.033\n宜加强体育锻炼。\n\n14:34.156 --> 14:35.156\n以增强体质，\n\n14:35.156 --> 14:37.507\n提高机体抵抗力。\n\n14:37.557 --> 14:42.106\n可选择跑步、保健体操、太极拳、气功等项目，\n\n14:42.257 --> 14:43.206\n持之以恒。\n\n14:43.356 --> 14:44.507\n从夏天开始，\n\n14:44.507 --> 14:47.856\n每天早晨用冷水洗脸、洗鼻，\n\n14:47.856 --> 14:48.757\n坚持到冬天，\n\n14:48.757 --> 14:51.307\n能增强对寒冷的适应性和耐受性，\n\n14:51.557 --> 14:54.557\n在寒冷季节或气候突变时应注意。\n\n14:55.138 --> 14:55.814\n防寒保暖，\n\n14:55.814 --> 14:57.489\n及时增减衣服。\n\n14:58.330 --> 15:00.280\n饮食营养调整饮食要均衡，\n\n15:00.479 --> 15:04.179\n多吃富含丰富维生素和矿物质的食物，\n\n15:04.280 --> 15:05.554\n食物食谱要广，\n\n15:05.554 --> 15:06.280\n不挑食，\n\n15:06.380 --> 15:07.130\n不偏食。\n\n15:08.546 --> 15:12.671\n比如可以多吃瘦肉、鱼类、蛋类、豆类等富含蛋白质的食物，\n\n15:12.671 --> 15:15.046\n多吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果，\n\n15:15.046 --> 15:18.197\n如橙子、苹果、菠萝、西兰花等，\n\n15:18.197 --> 15:21.997\n以保质保证身体摄入足足够的营养，\n\n15:21.997 --> 15:23.096\n提高抵抗力。\n\n15:24.689 --> 15:29.239\n今天我们来做一个总结上呼叫感染是常见的呼吸道疾病，\n\n15:29.239 --> 15:30.263\n病因多样，\n\n15:30.263 --> 15:31.138\n症状表现。\n\n15:32.093 --> 15:33.518\n各异类型也有多种，\n\n15:33.518 --> 15:38.318\n诊断需要结合症状、血液检查和病原性检查等方法治疗，\n\n15:38.318 --> 15:43.893\n包括一般治疗、对症治疗、抗病毒和抗菌药物的治疗以及中医治疗。\n\n15:43.943 --> 15:49.093\n预防则要从消毒、隔离、生活习惯、饮食等方面入手。\n\n15:49.093 --> 15:50.568\n今天的分享到此结束，\n\n15:50.568 --> 15:51.143\n谢谢大家。\n\n","v0d47cg10004d6253galjhtb8759d5b0",960,557,"2026-01-25 07:48:04","上呼吸道感染：症状识别、预防措施与有效治疗方法  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