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--> 00:01.875\n嗯，\n\n00:01.875 --> 00:05.849\n下面跟今天大跟大家分享一个就是内容叫肺炎的治疗。\n\n00:07.122 --> 00:07.521\n那么，\n\n00:07.521 --> 00:08.347\n肺炎的治疗呢，\n\n00:08.347 --> 00:09.960\n它主要包括以下几方面，\n\n00:09.960 --> 00:13.171\n包括肺炎的康复、预防肺炎的治疗方法，\n\n00:13.421 --> 00:14.621\n以及什么是肺炎，\n\n00:14.621 --> 00:17.871\n肺炎的传播方式和肺炎的诊断方法。\n\n00:18.422 --> 00:18.822\n嗯，\n\n00:19.172 --> 00:21.572\n首先我们先了解一下什么是肺炎。\n\n00:22.412 --> 00:22.861\n那么，\n\n00:22.861 --> 00:25.062\n了解它的基本定义和重要性，\n\n00:25.812 --> 00:30.961\n肺炎它是由细菌、病毒或者真菌引起的肺部感染，\n\n00:31.361 --> 00:33.611\n那么它的症状是轻重不一的，\n\n00:33.611 --> 00:34.337\n轻者呢，\n\n00:34.337 --> 00:35.861\n可以仅有轻微的咳嗽，\n\n00:35.861 --> 00:37.411\n重者可能危及生命。\n\n00:37.661 --> 00:38.062\n那么，\n\n00:38.062 --> 00:38.712\n肺炎呢，\n\n00:39.012 --> 00:41.911\n可以是通过空气飞沫传播的，\n\n00:41.962 --> 00:45.212\n这使得它在人群密集场所更容易被传播。\n\n00:45.562 --> 00:48.161\n肺炎是全球范围内常见的疾病，\n\n00:48.262 --> 00:49.937\n每年影响数百万人，\n\n00:49.937 --> 00:51.861\n导致大量的医疗负担。\n\n00:52.062 --> 00:52.611\n那么。\n\n00:52.720 --> 00:53.919\n不同年龄阶段的人呢，\n\n00:53.919 --> 00:55.669\n肺炎的易感性是不同的，\n\n00:55.669 --> 00:58.970\n包括儿童和老年人是肺炎的高风险的群体。\n\n00:59.270 --> 00:59.770\n那么，\n\n00:59.770 --> 01:02.319\n肺炎对健康影响比较广泛。\n\n01:02.919 --> 01:03.319\n嗯，\n\n01:03.319 --> 01:04.870\n除肺部的损伤以外，\n\n01:04.870 --> 01:07.569\n还可能引发全身性的并发症。\n\n01:09.971 --> 01:10.420\n那么，\n\n01:10.420 --> 01:13.621\n肺炎的症状包括持续咳嗽，\n\n01:13.871 --> 01:15.920\n那么通常痰里面有浓痰，\n\n01:16.221 --> 01:16.945\n有时呢，\n\n01:16.945 --> 01:18.371\n痰咳里面有带血丝，\n\n01:18.621 --> 01:19.521\n呼吸急促，\n\n01:19.521 --> 01:21.396\n就也就是我们讲的呼吸困难，\n\n01:21.396 --> 01:23.271\n尤其在活动以后更为明显。\n\n01:23.721 --> 01:24.121\n嗯，\n\n01:24.271 --> 01:25.545\n疲劳乏力，\n\n01:25.545 --> 01:27.121\n感觉极度的疲倦，\n\n01:27.621 --> 01:28.570\n缺乏活力，\n\n01:28.570 --> 01:30.670\n这个在老年人中比较多见。\n\n01:30.920 --> 01:31.445\n那么，\n\n01:31.445 --> 01:32.420\n第四个是头痛，\n\n01:32.420 --> 01:34.271\n可能伴有持续性的头痛，\n\n01:34.320 --> 01:35.820\n影响日常的活动。\n\n01:36.555 --> 01:36.705\n那么，\n\n01:36.705 --> 01:38.105\n它同时伴有发热，\n\n01:38.154 --> 01:39.455\n也就是体温升高，\n\n01:39.605 --> 01:43.955\n伴或不伴这种胃畏寒寒颤以及全身的不适感。\n\n01:43.955 --> 01:46.004\n这其实是一种全身的不良反应。\n\n01:46.154 --> 01:49.455\n全身的一种就是一种体现吧。\n\n01:49.455 --> 01:50.205\n胸痛呢，\n\n01:50.205 --> 01:54.355\n可以就是因为咳嗽或者深呼吸导致胸痛加剧，\n\n01:54.404 --> 01:59.254\n那么同时可能出现食欲减退、体重下降以及肌肉酸痛等。\n\n01:59.877 --> 02:02.377\n就是全身肌肉都感到疼痛和不适，\n\n02:02.678 --> 02:06.328\n那么肺炎可以按照病原体分为以下几类，\n\n02:06.477 --> 02:08.027\n包括细菌性肺炎。\n\n02:09.147 --> 02:10.197\n细菌性肺炎呢，\n\n02:10.197 --> 02:11.572\n就是由顾名思义，\n\n02:11.572 --> 02:13.921\n就是由细菌和肺炎链球菌引起的，\n\n02:13.921 --> 02:15.647\n是最常见的类型之一。\n\n02:15.897 --> 02:17.697\n第二个就是病毒性肺炎，\n\n02:17.697 --> 02:21.897\n是由病毒如流感病毒或新冠病毒引起，\n\n02:21.897 --> 02:23.197\n它传播速度比较快。\n\n02:23.447 --> 02:25.147\n第3个是真菌性肺炎，\n\n02:25.246 --> 02:27.397\n由真菌如念珠菌引起，\n\n02:27.496 --> 02:30.647\n常见于免疫系统较弱的患者。\n\n02:30.847 --> 02:32.621\n第4个是支原体肺炎，\n\n02:32.621 --> 02:35.322\n由支原体感染引起，\n\n02:35.322 --> 02:36.222\n症状较轻，\n\n02:36.222 --> 02:37.246\n但传染性。\n\n02:38.033 --> 02:38.283\n强。\n\n02:38.733 --> 02:40.283\n第五个是衣原体肺炎。\n\n02:41.203 --> 02:42.529\n由衣原体感染引起，\n\n02:42.529 --> 02:44.578\n常见于儿童和年轻人。\n\n02:45.279 --> 02:45.628\n嗯，\n\n02:45.628 --> 02:47.654\n第六个是寄生虫性肺炎，\n\n02:47.654 --> 02:48.304\n也就是说，\n\n02:48.304 --> 02:49.279\n寄生虫引起的，\n\n02:49.279 --> 02:53.078\n比如说弓形虫什么的是比较罕见的，\n\n02:53.078 --> 02:55.328\n但是症状通常比较严重。\n\n02:55.628 --> 02:59.979\n最后一个就是我们以前常说的一个非典型性肺炎，\n\n03:00.179 --> 03:02.828\n由非典型病原体引起的症状呢，\n\n03:02.828 --> 03:04.253\n和典型肺炎相似，\n\n03:04.253 --> 03:05.328\n但病因不同。\n\n03:06.376 --> 03:06.850\n那么，\n\n03:06.850 --> 03:08.925\n下面我们看一下肺炎的传播方式。\n\n03:11.126 --> 03:12.100\n肺炎传播呢，\n\n03:12.100 --> 03:13.326\n包括空气传播。\n\n03:13.776 --> 03:14.725\n空气传播呢，\n\n03:14.725 --> 03:18.026\n就是说通过咳嗽或者打喷嚏释放的飞沫，\n\n03:18.526 --> 03:20.026\n就是含有病原体的飞沫，\n\n03:20.026 --> 03:21.376\n在空气中漂浮，\n\n03:21.576 --> 03:22.850\n易被他人吸入。\n\n03:22.850 --> 03:23.300\n那么，\n\n03:23.300 --> 03:27.126\n在人群聚集场所的传播风险就是在会议室啊，\n\n03:27.126 --> 03:28.675\n影院这种密闭场所，\n\n03:28.925 --> 03:30.475\n人与人之间距离比较近，\n\n03:30.475 --> 03:32.725\n就增加了传传播的机会。\n\n03:33.076 --> 03:33.526\n那么，\n\n03:33.526 --> 03:34.651\n近距离接触呢，\n\n03:34.651 --> 03:36.425\n可以导致传播风险增高。\n\n03:36.792 --> 03:41.393\n在密闭环境中与感染者密切接触容易导致传播。\n\n03:41.643 --> 03:42.317\n那么，\n\n03:42.317 --> 03:44.143\n如果使用公共交通工具，\n\n03:44.143 --> 03:46.893\n比如说这拥挤的公共交通，\n\n03:47.093 --> 03:48.117\n什么地铁啊，\n\n03:48.117 --> 03:49.268\n什么公交车啊，\n\n03:49.268 --> 03:54.343\n就导致空气流动性差一容易传播病原体。\n\n03:54.442 --> 03:54.942\n那么，\n\n03:54.942 --> 03:56.643\n最后一个就是空气传播，\n\n03:57.042 --> 04:00.742\n它的防护措施佩戴口罩是比较有效的。\n\n04:00.742 --> 04:01.393\n其次呢，\n\n04:01.393 --> 04:02.442\n就是保持通风，\n\n04:02.442 --> 04:04.542\n减少聚集，\n\n04:04.542 --> 04:06.742\n可以有效的降低传播。\n\n04:06.800 --> 04:07.199\n风险。\n\n04:08.186 --> 04:08.486\n那么，\n\n04:08.486 --> 04:12.886\n接触传播直接接触污染物可以导致传播肺炎。\n\n04:12.886 --> 04:13.486\n比如说，\n\n04:13.486 --> 04:15.287\n接触患者使用过的物品，\n\n04:15.486 --> 04:17.386\n比如接触门把手、餐具，\n\n04:17.386 --> 04:18.486\n然后没有洗手，\n\n04:18.736 --> 04:19.786\n又接触口鼻，\n\n04:19.786 --> 04:20.636\n导致感染。\n\n04:20.786 --> 04:21.161\n嗯，\n\n04:21.161 --> 04:22.486\n从而体现了手卫生，\n\n04:22.486 --> 04:23.486\n手卫生的重要。\n\n04:24.432 --> 04:27.006\n所以我们通常要经常洗手，\n\n04:27.006 --> 04:27.981\n使用消毒剂，\n\n04:28.481 --> 04:31.082\n可以有效的防止病原体的传播。\n\n04:31.481 --> 04:33.832\n家庭内的这个接触传播的，\n\n04:33.832 --> 04:37.082\n包括成员之间共用物品导致肺炎传播，\n\n04:37.532 --> 04:38.731\n需要特别注意。\n\n04:38.782 --> 04:42.631\n那么医疗环境中的接触传播就包括医院内的交叉感染，\n\n04:42.881 --> 04:44.256\n它的风险是比较高的，\n\n04:44.256 --> 04:46.881\n需要严格遵循消毒和防护措施。\n\n04:47.082 --> 04:47.532\n那么，\n\n04:47.532 --> 04:49.481\n公共场所的接触传播包，\n\n04:49.481 --> 04:53.707\n就是包括在超市或者电梯以内频繁接触公共物品，\n\n04:53.707 --> 04:54.682\n增加了感染。\n\n04:54.723 --> 04:55.273\n感染的风险，\n\n04:56.123 --> 04:59.824\n那么如何有效的预防预防肺炎的传播？\n\n05:00.174 --> 05:00.574\n嗯，\n\n05:00.723 --> 05:02.248\n首先就是勤洗手，\n\n05:02.248 --> 05:03.973\n包括我们用肥皂洗手啊，\n\n05:04.023 --> 05:06.623\n或者是流动水彻底清洗双手。\n\n05:06.873 --> 05:09.148\n以前我们学的这种七步吧，\n\n05:09.148 --> 05:09.998\n七步洗手，\n\n05:09.998 --> 05:10.873\n然后使用呢，\n\n05:10.873 --> 05:13.799\n或者使用那种酒精的手消毒剂，\n\n05:13.799 --> 05:16.273\n以及减少手上的病原体的数量。\n\n05:16.424 --> 05:17.498\n那么同时呢，\n\n05:17.498 --> 05:18.773\n佩戴佩戴口罩，\n\n05:18.924 --> 05:22.773\n在公共场所与他人保持这种有效的距离，\n\n05:22.773 --> 05:23.424\n然后呢，\n\n05:23.773 --> 05:24.174\n嗯。\n\n05:25.040 --> 05:27.940\n可以有效阻止飞沫传播。\n\n05:29.265 --> 05:30.665\n降低感染风险，\n\n05:31.265 --> 05:36.565\n那么第三个就是保持着社交距离与他人保持至少一米的距离，\n\n05:36.614 --> 05:38.089\n减少近距离接触，\n\n05:38.089 --> 05:41.114\n有助于防止病原体的传播。\n\n05:41.415 --> 05:43.065\n第四个就是定期通风，\n\n05:43.515 --> 05:43.890\n嗯，\n\n05:43.890 --> 05:45.415\n经常开窗通风，\n\n05:45.765 --> 05:47.415\n保持室内的空气流通，\n\n05:47.515 --> 05:51.665\n有助于降低空气中的病毒和细菌的浓度。\n\n05:51.964 --> 05:54.339\n那么第五个就是避免接触患者，\n\n05:54.339 --> 05:58.665\n同时就是尽量避避免接触已经确诊或者疑似的感染者。\n\n06:00.058 --> 06:00.808\n密切接触，\n\n06:00.808 --> 06:02.359\n以降低被传染的可能性。\n\n06:04.890 --> 06:07.591\n下面我们看一下肺炎的诊断方法，\n\n06:07.841 --> 06:10.490\n准确的诊断是有效治疗的第一步。\n\n06:11.343 --> 06:11.743\n那么。\n\n06:13.838 --> 06:15.687\n诊断包括临床检查，\n\n06:16.138 --> 06:18.037\n首先就是测量体温，\n\n06:18.037 --> 06:20.037\n确认患者是否有存在发热，\n\n06:20.187 --> 06:21.687\n评估感染他的程，\n\n06:21.738 --> 06:23.338\n评估他的感染程度。\n\n06:23.638 --> 06:25.437\n那么询问他的病史了，\n\n06:25.437 --> 06:30.238\n就是了解患者在症状出现过程中的时间以及发展的发展过程。\n\n06:30.437 --> 06:32.187\n那么观察咳嗽情况，\n\n06:32.187 --> 06:34.187\n评估患者咳嗽的频率啊，\n\n06:34.187 --> 06:36.388\n强度以及痰液的颜色，\n\n06:36.388 --> 06:38.388\n是黄痰白痰，\n\n06:38.388 --> 06:40.638\n还是我们说的这种粘液样的，\n\n06:40.638 --> 06:42.537\n什么果冻状的这种痰液，\n\n06:42.787 --> 06:43.937\n那么通过呢？\n\n06:44.104 --> 06:45.704\n就是观察患者的。\n\n06:46.802 --> 06:48.252\n症状包括就是说，\n\n06:48.752 --> 06:51.351\n听诊器听诊他有没有异常的呼吸音，\n\n06:51.601 --> 06:51.927\n嗯，\n\n06:51.927 --> 06:53.502\n听诊他的呼吸频率，\n\n06:54.002 --> 06:55.552\n判断病情的严重性。\n\n06:55.652 --> 06:56.101\n那么，\n\n06:56.101 --> 06:59.002\n同时可以看就是患者的皮肤颜色，\n\n06:59.252 --> 06:59.601\n嗯，\n\n06:59.601 --> 07:02.451\n明确是不是有没有发干缺氧的这种症状，\n\n07:02.701 --> 07:04.652\n从而评估他全身的症状。\n\n07:04.752 --> 07:08.652\n就是患者了解他是否有疲劳头痛不适症状。\n\n07:09.903 --> 07:10.403\n那么，\n\n07:10.403 --> 07:12.053\n同时我们看一下影像学，\n\n07:12.252 --> 07:13.178\n影像学呢，\n\n07:13.178 --> 07:15.127\n包括这种胸部X线，\n\n07:15.127 --> 07:17.877\n包括这种就是X光啊，\n\n07:17.877 --> 07:20.178\n还有什么还有肺CT等检查。\n\n07:20.178 --> 07:22.078\n就是现在随着CT的普及呢，\n\n07:22.078 --> 07:23.703\n我们就是CT的应用比较多。\n\n07:24.053 --> 07:25.352\n那么胸片呢，\n\n07:25.352 --> 07:26.703\n相对就是比较简洁，\n\n07:26.703 --> 07:28.102\n但是，\n\n07:28.203 --> 07:29.102\n容易漏诊。\n\n07:31.890 --> 07:32.191\nCT呢，\n\n07:32.191 --> 07:34.665\n就是能够提提供更详细的肺部影像，\n\n07:34.665 --> 07:37.515\n尤其适用于就是复杂的疑似病理，\n\n07:37.615 --> 07:41.466\n帮助识别早期的病变或者是细微的变化。\n\n07:41.816 --> 07:42.265\n那么，\n\n07:42.265 --> 07:45.015\n胸片上可能就是如果有片状模糊影，\n\n07:45.115 --> 07:46.865\n它才能能够有的显示。\n\n07:47.265 --> 07:47.816\n那么，\n\n07:47.816 --> 07:49.466\n影像检查的优势呢，\n\n07:49.466 --> 07:53.816\n就是说它可以直接直观的看到患者的肺部病变，\n\n07:53.966 --> 07:56.515\n帮助医生快速明确的判断病情，\n\n07:56.966 --> 07:59.365\n能以制定适当的治疗方案。\n\n07:59.466 --> 08:01.716\n那么影像检查的限制呢，\n\n08:01.716 --> 08:01.966\n就是。\n\n08:02.023 --> 08:02.424\n就是说，\n\n08:02.674 --> 08:03.824\n虽然它很有效，\n\n08:03.973 --> 08:04.674\n但是呢，\n\n08:04.674 --> 08:07.873\n需要结合临床症状以及其他的诊断方法，\n\n08:08.123 --> 08:11.074\n以确保诊断的全面性和准确性。\n\n08:13.279 --> 08:17.079\n实验室检测包括痰液培养，\n\n08:17.079 --> 08:20.630\n就是说通过痰培养识别感染的病原体，\n\n08:21.079 --> 08:23.179\n有助于选择最有效的治疗方案。\n\n08:23.380 --> 08:25.179\n但是痰培养的就是。\n\n08:26.481 --> 08:27.006\n就是说，\n\n08:27.006 --> 08:27.881\n选择痰培养，\n\n08:27.881 --> 08:29.131\n包括患者吐痰培养，\n\n08:29.131 --> 08:33.432\n是需要就是教患者做一个深刻保。\n\n08:33.432 --> 08:34.007\n同时呢，\n\n08:34.007 --> 08:37.081\n保持口腔菌的口腔的清洁，\n\n08:37.231 --> 08:38.831\n以避免其他污染菌。\n\n08:39.661 --> 08:40.111\n然后，\n\n08:40.111 --> 08:42.861\n诱导就是误导我们的治疗。\n\n08:42.961 --> 08:43.361\n那么，\n\n08:43.361 --> 08:43.887\n同时呢，\n\n08:43.887 --> 08:45.111\n还有抗原检测，\n\n08:45.262 --> 08:48.437\n包括快快速的检测病原体的抗原，\n\n08:48.437 --> 08:50.461\n可以在短期内获得结果，\n\n08:50.562 --> 08:51.861\n便于早期诊断。\n\n08:52.111 --> 08:53.762\n第三个就是分子检测，\n\n08:54.012 --> 08:58.236\n可以使用PCR技术来检测病原体的核酸，\n\n08:58.236 --> 09:02.012\n具有高灵敏度和持续性和特异性，\n\n09:02.111 --> 09:04.262\n能够适用就适用于确诊。\n\n09:04.512 --> 09:04.986\n那么，\n\n09:04.986 --> 09:05.812\n就还有呢，\n\n09:05.812 --> 09:06.911\n如果住院的病人，\n\n09:06.911 --> 09:09.512\n或者说我们可以做他的血液检测。\n\n09:09.903 --> 09:12.328\n包括血细胞里面的白细胞计数，\n\n09:12.328 --> 09:13.403\n炎症标志物，\n\n09:13.653 --> 09:18.203\n可以评估患者的这个感染的严重程度。\n\n09:18.504 --> 09:20.153\n还有做抗体检测，\n\n09:20.504 --> 09:25.604\n就是说可以真可以明确是否有存在特异的抗体，\n\n09:25.653 --> 09:28.504\n判断是否曾感染或者正在感染。\n\n09:30.598 --> 09:33.799\n那么肺炎的治疗方法包括以下几种，\n\n09:33.999 --> 09:35.749\n首先是抗生素的治疗，\n\n09:36.198 --> 09:39.773\n那么针对细菌性肺炎的有效治疗手段呢，\n\n09:39.773 --> 09:42.148\n是包括选择合适的抗生素。\n\n09:42.398 --> 09:47.223\n那么根据细菌培养或者是药敏选择精准，\n\n09:47.223 --> 09:49.398\n可以精精准的选择抗生素，\n\n09:49.648 --> 09:51.023\n但是它有一个弊端，\n\n09:51.023 --> 09:53.749\n就是说它可能是在患者。\n\n09:54.697 --> 09:57.546\n就是发病以后三到五天之内才会出来，\n\n09:57.796 --> 09:59.447\n就是细菌培养的结果。\n\n09:59.796 --> 10:04.296\n那么所以临床上我们常经常是经验性的用药，\n\n10:04.546 --> 10:06.146\n选择敏感的抗生素。\n\n10:06.396 --> 10:06.822\n那么，\n\n10:06.822 --> 10:07.721\n第二个就是说，\n\n10:07.721 --> 10:11.197\n严格按照医嘱完成整个的疗程，\n\n10:11.346 --> 10:13.197\n确保彻底消除感染。\n\n10:13.646 --> 10:14.046\n嗯，\n\n10:14.146 --> 10:15.771\n就是要求患者按时服药。\n\n10:15.771 --> 10:16.296\n这个呢，\n\n10:16.296 --> 10:18.146\n我们在门诊也经常多见，\n\n10:18.146 --> 10:18.971\n就是有的患者，\n\n10:18.971 --> 10:21.046\n他可以觉得他觉得吃药了，\n\n10:21.046 --> 10:21.721\n我吃药了，\n\n10:21.721 --> 10:22.697\n我可以吃一粒。\n\n10:23.737 --> 10:24.838\n你让我吃三粒，\n\n10:25.038 --> 10:26.163\n我可以吃一粒，\n\n10:26.163 --> 10:27.138\n甚至吃一顿。\n\n10:27.437 --> 10:27.913\n其实，\n\n10:27.913 --> 10:28.763\n它这个治疗呢，\n\n10:28.763 --> 10:30.288\n就是说是无效的，\n\n10:30.288 --> 10:30.862\n而且呢，\n\n10:30.862 --> 10:33.138\n它容易增加细菌的耐药性。\n\n10:33.138 --> 10:35.987\n我们已经反复跟这个患者要做好宣教。\n\n10:36.138 --> 10:36.737\n那么，\n\n10:36.737 --> 10:38.362\n第三个就是监测它的副作用，\n\n10:38.362 --> 10:41.638\n包括可能的过敏反应和胃肠不适，\n\n10:41.888 --> 10:43.388\n需要及时报告医师。\n\n10:43.788 --> 10:44.513\n第四个呢，\n\n10:44.513 --> 10:49.288\n就是不当的使用抗生素可以导致细菌的耐药，\n\n10:49.437 --> 10:50.737\n影响治疗结果，\n\n10:50.838 --> 10:52.163\n包括我们前面提到，\n\n10:52.163 --> 10:53.838\n如果这个患者是不是按照。\n\n10:54.000 --> 10:56.275\n正规的这种抗感染治疗，\n\n10:56.275 --> 11:01.400\n它也也会导致细菌耐药或者是影响它的治疗结果。\n\n11:01.700 --> 11:02.750\n那么同时呢，\n\n11:02.750 --> 11:04.424\n对于感染的患者，\n\n11:04.424 --> 11:07.299\n尤其对于老年人需要支持治疗，\n\n11:07.299 --> 11:10.200\n包括他的充足的水分营养支持。\n\n11:10.549 --> 11:13.075\n然后对于这种年纪轻的患者呢，\n\n11:13.075 --> 11:14.799\n就叫他注意休息啊，\n\n11:14.900 --> 11:16.599\n避免剧烈运动什么的。\n\n11:16.799 --> 11:18.200\n那么同时呢，\n\n11:18.750 --> 11:19.299\n就是。\n\n11:21.346 --> 11:24.620\n一般是如果说肺内有这个片状的模糊影呢，\n\n11:24.620 --> 11:27.895\n我们会关照患者一个月以后来复查这个影像，\n\n11:27.895 --> 11:30.796\n学做肺部CT来评估它的治疗效果。\n\n11:31.841 --> 11:33.291\n然后对于患者的教育呢，\n\n11:33.291 --> 11:34.442\n就是说。\n\n11:35.762 --> 11:37.611\n普及抗生素的正确使用，\n\n11:37.812 --> 11:39.062\n提高它的依存性，\n\n11:39.062 --> 11:41.262\n不要就是滥用抗生素。\n\n11:42.395 --> 11:45.094\n那么下面我们看一下就是抗病毒治疗，\n\n11:45.094 --> 11:46.020\n抗病毒治疗呢，\n\n11:46.020 --> 11:47.145\n包括以下几方面，\n\n11:47.594 --> 11:47.945\n嗯，\n\n11:47.945 --> 11:50.719\n如奥司他韦、利巴韦林、奥司他韦。\n\n11:50.719 --> 11:52.195\n我们知道这是对于这个。\n\n11:53.567 --> 11:55.867\n甲乙流的病人能够直接有效的，\n\n11:55.966 --> 11:56.892\n那么同时呢，\n\n11:56.892 --> 11:58.617\n我们需要监测病情的变化，\n\n11:58.867 --> 12:02.492\n就是监测患者的症状变化，\n\n12:02.492 --> 12:03.992\n有监测氧饱和度啊。\n\n12:03.992 --> 12:06.367\n如果低氧的患者监测氧饱和度，\n\n12:06.367 --> 12:07.517\n监测，\n\n12:07.567 --> 12:09.442\n复查血气分析什么的，\n\n12:09.442 --> 12:10.767\n及时调整治疗方案。\n\n12:11.067 --> 12:11.392\n嗯，\n\n12:11.392 --> 12:12.567\n在流行季节呢，\n\n12:12.617 --> 12:15.517\n比如说我们接种疫苗有时候呢，\n\n12:15.716 --> 12:17.317\n它能降低感染的几率，\n\n12:17.416 --> 12:20.567\n同时能够降低就是重症感染的发生几率。\n\n12:21.473 --> 12:21.872\n同时呢，\n\n12:21.872 --> 12:23.697\n对患者应有的心理支持，\n\n12:23.697 --> 12:27.523\n有的患者对于年纪就是如果是年纪比较大呢，\n\n12:27.622 --> 12:29.297\n平时比较焦虑的患者呢，\n\n12:29.297 --> 12:33.398\n他可能会有点恐惧什么所以我们对他患者这种疏导啊，\n\n12:33.398 --> 12:34.822\n心理支持也是必要的。\n\n12:34.973 --> 12:35.447\n那么，\n\n12:35.447 --> 12:36.273\n第四第五个，\n\n12:36.273 --> 12:38.047\n我们就是支持性的治疗，\n\n12:38.047 --> 12:39.872\n包括我们前面提到的肺炎，\n\n12:39.872 --> 12:40.872\n其实也是消耗的，\n\n12:40.872 --> 12:43.773\n尤其尤其对于这种年纪大的患者，\n\n12:43.773 --> 12:44.723\n他如果说。\n\n12:45.693 --> 12:49.244\n一个重症的感染也会导致他的营养缺失，\n\n12:49.294 --> 12:50.619\n包括低蛋白血症啊，\n\n12:50.619 --> 12:52.544\n所以需要充足的营养，\n\n12:52.744 --> 12:53.744\n合理的饮食。\n\n12:54.143 --> 12:54.544\n嗯，\n\n12:54.593 --> 12:58.818\n那么还有一个就是对于家人需需要注意一个隔离，\n\n12:58.818 --> 13:00.843\n包括它避免密切接触，\n\n13:00.943 --> 13:04.193\n减少病毒或者是传传播风险。\n\n13:04.343 --> 13:05.419\n那么辅助治疗呢，\n\n13:05.419 --> 13:07.244\n包括就是退烧药止咳药，\n\n13:07.393 --> 13:09.443\n其实这个就是说减轻症状。\n\n13:09.443 --> 13:11.843\n比如说他如果高热三十八度5以上，\n\n13:11.843 --> 13:13.343\n我们建议他口服退热，\n\n13:13.693 --> 13:14.994\n那么止咳呢？\n\n13:14.994 --> 13:15.943\n如果说咳的很厉害。\n\n13:16.000 --> 13:16.299\n厉害，\n\n13:16.299 --> 13:17.275\n轻微的咳嗽，\n\n13:17.275 --> 13:19.125\n我们可以去不去管它，\n\n13:19.125 --> 13:19.700\n不去干预。\n\n13:19.700 --> 13:25.775\n因为适度的咳嗽对于他的就是排出肺的肺内的这种病原菌啊，\n\n13:25.775 --> 13:26.875\n或者是痰液啊，\n\n13:26.875 --> 13:27.825\n还是有好处的。\n\n13:27.825 --> 13:28.138\n但是，\n\n13:28.138 --> 13:30.549\n如果这个患者的咳嗽比较正比较严重，\n\n13:30.750 --> 13:32.375\n严重影响他的睡眠啊，\n\n13:32.375 --> 13:33.724\n影响他的生活呢，\n\n13:33.724 --> 13:34.950\n是需需要干预的。\n\n13:35.150 --> 13:35.650\n那么，\n\n13:35.650 --> 13:39.400\n针对就是病毒性的肺炎的药物干预是。\n\n13:40.921 --> 13:42.072\n就包括以上几方面，\n\n13:42.122 --> 13:43.247\n下面我们看一下，\n\n13:43.247 --> 13:44.271\n就是辅助治疗，\n\n13:44.372 --> 13:45.721\n包括这种氧疗。\n\n13:45.721 --> 13:46.146\n当然，\n\n13:46.146 --> 13:48.322\n这个是针对是缺氧的患者，\n\n13:48.322 --> 13:49.322\n就是一个低氧，\n\n13:49.721 --> 13:54.322\n那么包括他的氧气支持提高改善呼吸功能，\n\n13:54.421 --> 13:56.072\n维持它的血氧饱和度，\n\n13:56.221 --> 13:57.896\n包括物理治疗，\n\n13:57.896 --> 14:00.971\n也就是说呼吸训练以及体位引流，\n\n14:00.971 --> 14:02.146\n促进痰液的排出。\n\n14:02.146 --> 14:02.471\n当然，\n\n14:02.471 --> 14:03.596\n这个是比较重的患者。\n\n14:03.596 --> 14:05.721\n如果是患者是生活能自理的，\n\n14:05.721 --> 14:06.947\n这个不存在这个问题，\n\n14:06.947 --> 14:09.997\n这个相对于是长期卧床的有肺部感染的患者，\n\n14:09.997 --> 14:11.122\n我们需要体验。\n\n14:11.171 --> 14:11.572\n饮流啊，\n\n14:11.572 --> 14:14.471\n然后有患者帮他拍背什么的。\n\n14:14.622 --> 14:15.947\n第三个就是营养支持，\n\n14:15.947 --> 14:20.896\n我们反复提反复强调需要高营养高蛋白维生素增强免疫力，\n\n14:20.896 --> 14:22.072\n促进身体的恢复。\n\n14:22.572 --> 14:23.021\n那么，\n\n14:23.021 --> 14:26.747\n心理支持包括提供心理咨询和支持，\n\n14:26.747 --> 14:29.271\n帮助患者解除焦虑和压力，\n\n14:29.421 --> 14:30.671\n促进心理康复。\n\n14:31.021 --> 14:31.622\n后面呢，\n\n14:31.622 --> 14:32.771\n就是包括康复训练，\n\n14:32.771 --> 14:34.721\n也就是适度的运动康复锻炼，\n\n14:34.771 --> 14:37.822\n提高肺功能和全身的这种康复状态，\n\n14:37.921 --> 14:39.271\n全身的健康状态，\n\n14:39.372 --> 14:41.122\n那么最后一个是有中医。\n\n14:41.176 --> 14:41.651\n一调理，\n\n14:41.651 --> 14:44.875\n包括结合中药和针灸，\n\n14:44.875 --> 14:46.250\n增强免疫力，\n\n14:46.250 --> 14:47.625\n改善肺部循环，\n\n14:47.976 --> 14:49.875\n促进病情好转。\n\n14:49.875 --> 14:52.575\n下面我们看一下肺炎的康复和预防。\n\n14:54.015 --> 14:54.265\n嗯，\n\n14:54.265 --> 14:54.991\n康复呢，\n\n14:54.991 --> 14:57.041\n包括就是说饮食调理啊，\n\n14:57.041 --> 14:58.015\n合理休息啊，\n\n14:58.015 --> 14:59.966\n心理疏导适当锻炼，\n\n15:00.166 --> 15:02.216\n定期复诊和良好的睡眠，\n\n15:02.216 --> 15:03.866\n以及避免，\n\n15:03.866 --> 15:06.991\n因就是烟远远离这种烟酒啊，\n\n15:06.991 --> 15:08.265\n什么这种刺激性的。\n\n15:10.692 --> 15:11.518\n刺激性的东西，\n\n15:11.518 --> 15:12.718\n然后预防措施呢，\n\n15:12.718 --> 15:15.468\n还包括就是说减少肺炎的发病的有效措施，\n\n15:15.468 --> 15:17.242\n包括它的健康生活方式啊，\n\n15:17.393 --> 15:18.418\n适当的运动啊，\n\n15:18.418 --> 15:19.817\n然后不要熬夜什么的，\n\n15:19.817 --> 15:20.742\n定期的体检，\n\n15:21.192 --> 15:21.593\n嗯，\n\n15:21.593 --> 15:23.942\n发觉发现潜在的问题，\n\n15:23.942 --> 15:24.843\n潜在的病因。\n\n15:25.093 --> 15:26.567\n然后在公共场所呢，\n\n15:26.567 --> 15:27.843\n如果是体弱的患者呢，\n\n15:27.843 --> 15:29.218\n建议他戴口罩，\n\n15:29.218 --> 15:31.692\n能够避免这种飞沫的传播风险。\n\n15:31.893 --> 15:32.793\n那么室内呢，\n\n15:32.793 --> 15:33.268\n就是说，\n\n15:33.268 --> 15:34.143\n要空气流通，\n\n15:34.143 --> 15:34.843\n勤洗手，\n\n15:35.093 --> 15:36.643\n避免接触感染源，\n\n15:36.643 --> 15:38.293\n然后避免吸烟，\n\n15:38.293 --> 15:39.168\n因为吸烟呢，\n\n15:39.168 --> 15:40.893\n会削弱肺部的防御能力。\n\n15:40.952 --> 15:42.302\n增加了感染风险，\n\n15:42.452 --> 15:43.401\n那么同时呢，\n\n15:43.401 --> 15:44.952\n保持有效的社交距离。\n\n15:45.002 --> 15:46.627\n在流感高发季节啊，\n\n15:46.627 --> 15:48.302\n这种与它保持适当距离，\n\n15:48.752 --> 15:51.526\n然后定期清洁居住和工作环境，\n\n15:51.526 --> 15:52.851\n减少病菌的滋生。\n\n15:53.502 --> 15:54.427\n那么同时呢，\n\n15:54.427 --> 15:56.226\n我们要提高公众的健康意识，\n\n15:56.226 --> 15:57.702\n包括健康知识普及，\n\n15:58.002 --> 15:59.302\n媒体宣传和。\n\n16:00.630 --> 16:01.280\n政府支持。\n\n16:02.520 --> 16:06.119\n社会活动和学校教育活动好，\n\n16:06.719 --> 16:08.395\n今天就讲到这里，\n\n16:08.395 --> 16:09.119\n谢谢大家。\n\n","v0d47cg10004d61ha92ljht3t5ajm09g",971,578,"2026-01-25 02:11:34","肺炎的治疗方法及注意事项 - 专业医疗指南  ","肺炎治疗, 肺炎症状, 肺炎用药, 肺炎康复, 肺炎预防, 细菌性肺炎, 病毒性肺炎  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