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--> 00:04.102\n大家好，\n\n00:04.102 --> 00:10.751\n今天我和大家分享的课题内容是支气管哮喘的基础知识。\n\n00:13.470 --> 00:13.920\n那么，\n\n00:13.920 --> 00:14.720\n我们都知道，\n\n00:14.720 --> 00:15.071\n嗯，\n\n00:15.071 --> 00:16.221\n哮喘的定义，\n\n00:16.471 --> 00:18.621\n哮喘是有多种细胞，\n\n00:18.621 --> 00:27.871\n比如说嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞、T淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、气道上皮细胞和细胞组分参与的气道慢性炎症性的疾病。\n\n00:29.076 --> 00:31.625\n这种慢性炎症与气道高反应性相关，\n\n00:31.926 --> 00:35.675\n通常出现广泛而多变的可逆性呼吸气流受限，\n\n00:35.976 --> 00:37.750\n导致反复发作的喘息，\n\n00:37.750 --> 00:38.250\n气急，\n\n00:38.250 --> 00:40.076\n胸闷或者咳嗽的症状，\n\n00:40.226 --> 00:42.476\n多在夜间和清晨发作加剧，\n\n00:42.776 --> 00:45.826\n多数患者可以自行缓解或经治疗缓解。\n\n00:46.076 --> 00:46.625\n例如，\n\n00:46.625 --> 00:49.776\n小李在春季时经常会突然感觉呼吸急促，\n\n00:49.776 --> 00:50.250\n喘息，\n\n00:50.250 --> 00:53.826\n经过休息和使用药物后又会减轻症状，\n\n00:54.076 --> 00:54.976\n这就是哮喘，\n\n00:54.976 --> 00:56.276\n典型的发作表现，\n\n00:56.526 --> 00:57.476\n简单来说，\n\n00:57.476 --> 00:59.375\n哮哮喘就像气道这个小。\n\n00:59.431 --> 01:00.506\n小管道生病了。\n\n01:00.506 --> 01:01.431\n正常情况下，\n\n01:01.431 --> 01:03.431\n气流是通畅的，\n\n01:03.582 --> 01:04.931\n空气能自由进出，\n\n01:04.931 --> 01:08.281\n但哮喘患者的气道因为各种原因变得敏感，\n\n01:08.332 --> 01:10.732\n就像一个容易发脾气的管道。\n\n01:12.345 --> 01:14.419\n一旦接触到一些刺激物，\n\n01:14.419 --> 01:15.694\n比如说花粉啊，\n\n01:15.995 --> 01:16.970\n灰尘等等，\n\n01:16.970 --> 01:18.419\n就会出现闹别扭，\n\n01:18.419 --> 01:19.669\n出现肿胀狭窄，\n\n01:19.669 --> 01:20.995\n导致空气进出困难，\n\n01:20.995 --> 01:24.370\n从而引发喘息、咳嗽等症状，\n\n01:24.370 --> 01:26.269\n就好比家里的下水道堵塞了，\n\n01:26.269 --> 01:27.595\n水流就不通畅一样，\n\n01:27.944 --> 01:29.220\n空气也是正常的，\n\n01:29.220 --> 01:30.044\n难以流通。\n\n01:30.345 --> 01:34.345\n那么在哮喘在全球以及国内的发病现状的话，\n\n01:34.394 --> 01:37.194\n全球哮喘的发病的整体数据趋势，\n\n01:37.294 --> 01:38.845\n根据h who统计，\n\n01:38.845 --> 01:41.294\n全球约有3亿人患有哮喘。\n\n01:42.596 --> 01:45.246\n而且这个数字还在以每年1000万的速度增加。\n\n01:45.596 --> 01:46.795\n在一些发达国家，\n\n01:46.795 --> 01:48.721\n哮喘的话发病率相对比较高，\n\n01:48.721 --> 01:52.695\n例如澳大利亚哮喘发病率达到了10%.15%。\n\n01:52.695 --> 01:53.695\n在发展中国家，\n\n01:53.695 --> 01:55.596\n哮喘的发病率也不容小觑，\n\n01:56.396 --> 01:58.070\n且由于人口基数大，\n\n01:58.070 --> 01:59.945\n患者总体素也相当可观，\n\n02:00.246 --> 02:03.795\n哮喘已经成为全球范围内严重的公共卫生问题。\n\n02:04.820 --> 02:06.871\n给社会和家庭带来了沉重的负担，\n\n02:07.471 --> 02:08.945\n那么在我国的话，\n\n02:08.945 --> 02:11.320\n哮喘的发病率也是呈上升趋势的。\n\n02:11.320 --> 02:13.270\n根据相关调查数据显示，\n\n02:13.421 --> 02:17.320\n我国20岁及以上人群患哮喘患病率为四点二，\n\n02:18.020 --> 02:20.621\n患者总总人数超过4500万。\n\n02:20.871 --> 02:23.020\n不同地区的发病率存在差异，\n\n02:23.020 --> 02:26.121\n一些城市地区的发病率略高于农村地区，\n\n02:27.220 --> 02:30.070\n而且儿童的哮喘的发病率增长更为明显，\n\n02:30.070 --> 02:33.671\n这个与环境的改变、生活方式以及多种因素的有关。\n\n02:34.259 --> 02:34.509\n嗯。\n\n02:35.432 --> 02:35.632\n那么，\n\n02:35.632 --> 02:40.832\n哮喘长期发作对身体的舒适度以及长期健康是有损害的。\n\n02:40.882 --> 02:42.358\n哮喘化发作的时候，\n\n02:42.358 --> 02:45.483\n患者会出现喘息、咳嗽、呼吸困难等症状，\n\n02:45.483 --> 02:47.132\n严重影响身体的舒适度。\n\n02:47.233 --> 02:49.882\n频繁发作还可以导致患者的体力下降，\n\n02:49.983 --> 02:51.283\n活动耐力的降低。\n\n02:51.582 --> 02:56.033\n长期哮喘控制不佳会对肺部功能造成损害，\n\n02:56.283 --> 02:59.783\n增加慢性阻塞性肺疾病等并发症的发生风险。\n\n02:59.932 --> 03:00.507\n比如说，\n\n03:00.507 --> 03:02.358\n老张患有哮喘病史多年的话，\n\n03:02.358 --> 03:03.533\n由于病情控制不好，\n\n03:03.533 --> 03:05.632\n现在稍微活动一下就会气喘吁吁。\n\n03:05.712 --> 03:07.962\n去生活和自理都变得困难，\n\n03:08.111 --> 03:10.912\n同时还会出现一些心理问题及影响，\n\n03:11.061 --> 03:15.061\n常常因为病情的发作而产生焦虑、恐惧等心理问题，\n\n03:15.162 --> 03:18.311\n长期受到疾病的困扰还可能导致抑郁的情绪。\n\n03:18.811 --> 03:23.061\n这些心理问题又反过来会影响哮喘的治疗效果和病情控制。\n\n03:23.462 --> 03:24.436\n有研究表明，\n\n03:24.436 --> 03:28.311\n约30%.40%的哮喘患者存在有不同程度的心理障碍。\n\n03:29.029 --> 03:29.429\n比如说，\n\n03:29.479 --> 03:32.929\n小王经常因为哮喘发作而不敢参加社交活动，\n\n03:33.078 --> 03:35.029\n逐渐变得孤僻、自卑等等。\n\n03:36.179 --> 03:36.378\n那么，\n\n03:36.378 --> 03:39.878\n哮喘对生活质量的影响也是多方面的。\n\n03:39.878 --> 03:40.604\n比如说，\n\n03:40.604 --> 03:45.229\n在日常生活中需要格外注意避免接接触过敏源以及刺激性的物质，\n\n03:45.578 --> 03:47.279\n这限制了他们的活动范围。\n\n03:47.279 --> 03:49.979\n比如不能去花粉交的公园，\n\n03:49.979 --> 03:51.854\n不能参加一些剧烈运动等等。\n\n03:51.854 --> 03:52.253\n而且，\n\n03:52.253 --> 03:56.479\n哮喘发作的不确定性也会影响患者的工作和学习。\n\n03:56.628 --> 03:59.679\n有些患者因为哮喘发作频繁请假。\n\n04:02.953 --> 04:05.154\n频繁请假导致工作效率下降，\n\n04:05.404 --> 04:07.304\n甚至影响职业发展。\n\n04:09.647 --> 04:12.147\n学生则可能因为病情而耽误学业，\n\n04:12.697 --> 04:13.097\n嗯，\n\n04:13.996 --> 04:15.222\n那么，\n\n04:15.222 --> 04:17.497\n我们常说的支气管哮喘的发病机制，\n\n04:17.796 --> 04:21.696\n主要是因为免疫系统的正常运作与方的方式与作用。\n\n04:21.696 --> 04:23.596\n免疫系统就像人体的防御部队，\n\n04:23.747 --> 04:24.897\n在正常情况下，\n\n04:24.897 --> 04:27.046\n它能够识别清除外来的病原体，\n\n04:27.046 --> 04:28.446\n如细菌、病毒等等，\n\n04:28.796 --> 04:30.372\n保护身体免受侵害。\n\n04:30.372 --> 04:31.747\n当有病原体入侵时，\n\n04:31.747 --> 04:33.997\n免疫系统会迅速启动一系列的反应，\n\n04:34.747 --> 04:36.796\n比如说白细胞会奔赴战场，\n\n04:36.796 --> 04:38.346\n吞噬和消灭细菌。\n\n04:39.131 --> 04:39.330\n嗯。\n\n04:40.492 --> 04:43.117\n他还能记住曾经入侵过的病原体，\n\n04:43.117 --> 04:44.941\n下次遇到相同的病原体的话，\n\n04:45.141 --> 04:46.867\n就能快速的有效的做出反应。\n\n04:46.867 --> 04:48.842\n这就是我们常说的免疫记忆作用。\n\n04:49.191 --> 04:49.666\n那么，\n\n04:49.666 --> 04:55.191\n支气管哮喘的发病机制是因为免疫系统的失衡导致了哮喘的发病。\n\n04:55.492 --> 04:58.391\n在哮喘患者的体内免疫系统出现了失衡。\n\n04:58.391 --> 04:59.416\n正常情况下，\n\n04:59.416 --> 05:01.641\n免疫系统会对无害物质保持宽容，\n\n05:01.941 --> 05:04.191\n但哮喘患者的免疫系统却将一些，\n\n05:04.492 --> 05:04.891\n嗯，\n\n05:04.891 --> 05:06.016\n原本无害的物质，\n\n05:06.016 --> 05:06.916\n比如说花粉啊，\n\n05:06.916 --> 05:07.742\n尘螨等等，\n\n05:07.842 --> 05:08.992\n误判为敌人。\n\n05:09.739 --> 05:11.389\n当这些物质进入人体后，\n\n05:11.739 --> 05:13.188\n免疫系统会过度反应，\n\n05:13.188 --> 05:15.789\n释放出组胺、白三烯等多种炎症介质。\n\n05:15.889 --> 05:18.414\n这些炎症介质会导致气道粘膜的肿胀，\n\n05:18.414 --> 05:19.338\n分泌物的增多，\n\n05:19.338 --> 05:20.838\n气道变得狭窄，\n\n05:20.989 --> 05:22.588\n从而引发哮喘的症状。\n\n05:22.639 --> 05:23.614\n根据研究的话，\n\n05:23.614 --> 05:27.938\n约70%.80%的患者存在有免疫系统失衡的状况。\n\n05:27.938 --> 05:29.938\n比如说小张在接触花粉后，\n\n05:29.938 --> 05:31.364\n免疫系统就像失控了一样，\n\n05:31.364 --> 05:33.588\n引发了剧烈的发作。\n\n05:34.427 --> 05:34.752\n那么，\n\n05:34.752 --> 05:35.826\n同同时呢，\n\n05:35.826 --> 05:42.576\n环境因素也是诱诱发一个哮喘会有诱发一个哮喘常见的过敏原刺激，\n\n05:42.976 --> 05:43.277\n嗯，\n\n05:43.277 --> 05:44.201\n比如说花粉啊，\n\n05:44.201 --> 05:44.777\n尘螨啊，\n\n05:44.777 --> 05:47.877\n动物吸泻等等是诱发哮喘的重要环境因素。\n\n05:48.027 --> 05:49.765\n当这些过敏原进入体内后，\n\n05:49.765 --> 05:51.627\n会与免疫系统的抗体结合，\n\n05:51.777 --> 05:52.777\n激活免疫细胞，\n\n05:52.777 --> 05:53.726\n引发免疫反应。\n\n05:53.826 --> 05:55.101\n以花粉为例的话，\n\n05:55.101 --> 05:56.877\n在花粉传播的高峰期，\n\n05:57.177 --> 05:59.576\n许多患者会出现症状加重的情况，\n\n05:59.726 --> 06:03.226\n花粉中的蛋白质等成分被免疫系统识别为外来异物。\n\n06:04.028 --> 06:05.877\n免疫系统会产生大量的IG抗体，\n\n06:05.877 --> 06:07.528\n这些抗体与肥大细胞结合。\n\n06:07.928 --> 06:10.028\n那再次接触发花粉的时候，\n\n06:10.028 --> 06:12.477\n花粉与肥大细胞表面的IG抗体结合，\n\n06:12.727 --> 06:15.178\n促使肥大细胞释放组胺等炎症介质，\n\n06:15.178 --> 06:16.278\n导致气道收缩，\n\n06:16.477 --> 06:18.403\n炎性炎症反应加剧，\n\n06:18.403 --> 06:19.828\n从而引发哮喘的发作。\n\n06:20.727 --> 06:21.303\n那么，\n\n06:21.303 --> 06:24.227\n空气污染也对哮喘的发病有具体的影响。\n\n06:24.328 --> 06:25.828\n空气中的有害气体，\n\n06:25.828 --> 06:27.127\n比如说二氧化硫啊，\n\n06:27.127 --> 06:28.602\n氮氧化物、臭氧等等，\n\n06:28.602 --> 06:33.127\n以及颗粒物PM二点五啊、PM 10等等都有可能诱发哮喘。\n\n06:33.278 --> 06:34.227\n这些污染物。\n\n06:34.243 --> 06:35.343\n会刺激气道粘膜，\n\n06:35.343 --> 06:36.993\n导致气道上皮细胞受损，\n\n06:37.144 --> 06:38.894\n使气道的防御功能下降。\n\n06:38.894 --> 06:41.194\n长期暴露在一些污染的环境中的话，\n\n06:41.194 --> 06:43.394\n还会引起免疫系统的慢性炎症。\n\n06:44.678 --> 06:45.178\n反应，\n\n06:45.328 --> 06:46.977\n增加哮喘的发病的危险。\n\n06:47.328 --> 06:48.453\n在研究表明，\n\n06:48.453 --> 06:50.428\n在空气污染严重的城市，\n\n06:51.028 --> 06:54.278\n哮喘的发病率明显高于空气质量好的地区。\n\n06:56.105 --> 06:58.980\n如果在雾霾天气出现的时候，\n\n06:58.980 --> 07:01.506\n哮喘的患者的急诊就诊人数大大的增加，\n\n07:01.906 --> 07:04.805\n这充分显示了空气污染对哮喘发病的影响。\n\n07:05.506 --> 07:05.980\n那么，\n\n07:05.980 --> 07:09.205\n气候变化也是会对哮喘产生一定的影响。\n\n07:09.406 --> 07:09.805\n嗯，\n\n07:09.906 --> 07:12.406\n气温的变化也会诱传诱发哮喘的发作，\n\n07:12.406 --> 07:13.680\n比如说气温骤变啊，\n\n07:13.680 --> 07:16.705\n温湿度变化等等都有可能对气道产生刺激。\n\n07:16.955 --> 07:20.031\n寒冷空气会使得气道的黏膜血管收缩，\n\n07:20.031 --> 07:21.256\n气道反应性增高，\n\n07:21.455 --> 07:23.006\n容易诱发哮喘等等。\n\n07:23.701 --> 07:23.927\n也，\n\n07:23.927 --> 07:26.002\n温度的变化也不容过忽视。\n\n07:26.002 --> 07:29.201\n过高的湿度有利于尘螨、霉菌等过敏原的滋生，\n\n07:29.402 --> 07:30.851\n增加哮喘发作的几率，\n\n07:30.851 --> 07:33.752\n而过低的温度就会使得气道黏膜干燥。\n\n07:34.579 --> 07:34.753\n嗯，\n\n07:34.753 --> 07:35.878\n同样诱发哮喘。\n\n07:35.878 --> 07:37.778\n比如说在南方的梅雨季节呢，\n\n07:37.979 --> 07:39.253\n就湿度比较大，\n\n07:39.253 --> 07:40.528\n就容易诱发哮喘。\n\n07:41.934 --> 07:42.385\n那么，\n\n07:42.385 --> 07:45.385\n我们常说的支气管哮喘的临床表现是有哪些呢？\n\n07:45.684 --> 07:46.084\n嗯，\n\n07:46.084 --> 07:46.684\n首先，\n\n07:46.684 --> 07:50.785\n喘息是哮喘的主要主要最典型的症状之一。\n\n07:50.834 --> 07:55.535\n患者在呼吸的时候会发出一种高调的类似吹哨的声音，\n\n07:55.535 --> 07:56.910\n这是由于气道狭窄，\n\n07:56.910 --> 07:59.035\n气流通过受阻所导致的。\n\n07:59.135 --> 08:00.834\n喘息的程度因人而异，\n\n08:01.184 --> 08:05.734\n轻者可能在剧烈运动或者情绪激动时出现轻微的喘息声，\n\n08:05.734 --> 08:08.885\n而重者可能在安静状态下也会有明显的喘息，\n\n08:09.084 --> 08:10.684\n甚至需要费力呼吸。\n\n08:10.785 --> 08:11.234\n例如，\n\n08:11.234 --> 08:11.885\n小张在。\n\n08:12.015 --> 08:12.790\n每次跑步以后，\n\n08:12.790 --> 08:14.665\n忽然感觉到呼吸急促，\n\n08:14.765 --> 08:16.415\n伴随着明显的喘息声，\n\n08:16.716 --> 08:17.941\n那休息片刻以后，\n\n08:17.941 --> 08:18.966\n症状并没有缓解，\n\n08:18.966 --> 08:20.765\n去医院检查后确诊为哮喘。\n\n08:20.915 --> 08:21.765\n据统计的话，\n\n08:21.765 --> 08:25.915\n约80%.90%的哮喘患者在发作时会出现喘息的症状。\n\n08:29.153 --> 08:31.454\n那么哮喘的咳嗽，\n\n08:31.704 --> 08:33.679\n咳嗽也是哮喘的一个重要的症状，\n\n08:33.679 --> 08:35.479\n这种咳嗽通常具有一定的特点，\n\n08:35.479 --> 08:37.703\n比如视为多刺激性的干咳，\n\n08:37.854 --> 08:40.453\n有时也可能伴有少量白色粘液痰。\n\n08:40.953 --> 08:43.479\n咳嗽在夜间或者清晨时往往会加重，\n\n08:43.479 --> 08:46.504\n这是因为在夜间人体的迷走神经兴奋性增高，\n\n08:46.703 --> 08:47.903\n气道平滑肌收缩，\n\n08:47.903 --> 08:49.354\n导致气道更加狭窄，\n\n08:49.354 --> 08:50.703\n从而有引发咳嗽。\n\n08:51.054 --> 08:53.854\n有些患者可能仅仅表现为长期的咳嗽，\n\n08:53.854 --> 08:55.354\n而没有明显的喘息症状，\n\n08:55.754 --> 08:58.203\n这种情况被称为咳嗽变异性哮喘。\n\n08:59.109 --> 08:59.559\n比如说，\n\n08:59.708 --> 09:01.434\n小李同长期咳嗽，\n\n09:01.434 --> 09:03.658\n尤其在晚上睡觉时咳嗽更加厉害，\n\n09:04.008 --> 09:06.559\n经过多种止咳药物治疗都没有效果。\n\n09:06.559 --> 09:09.809\n最后通过详细的检查才发现是咳嗽变异性哮喘。\n\n09:11.518 --> 09:11.968\n那么，\n\n09:11.968 --> 09:14.218\n呼吸困难的严重程度表现，\n\n09:14.468 --> 09:17.443\n呼吸困难是哮喘发作是最为严重的症状。\n\n09:17.443 --> 09:19.869\n患者会感觉到空气不够用，\n\n09:19.919 --> 09:20.718\n呼吸费力，\n\n09:20.718 --> 09:21.768\n有一种窒息感。\n\n09:22.119 --> 09:23.443\n为了缓解呼吸困难，\n\n09:23.443 --> 09:27.869\n患者常常会不自觉的采取端坐位或者半卧位以帮助呼吸。\n\n09:28.068 --> 09:31.718\n严重的呼吸困难可能导致患者无法正常的说话、进食，\n\n09:31.968 --> 09:34.568\n甚至会出现口唇发干等缺氧表现。\n\n09:35.838 --> 09:38.989\n比如一次老王在一次哮喘急性发作的时候，\n\n09:38.989 --> 09:40.939\n呼吸困难非常严重。\n\n09:42.262 --> 09:44.512\n家人发现他的嘴唇都变成了青紫色，\n\n09:44.562 --> 09:46.111\n赶紧将他送往医院急救。\n\n09:46.111 --> 09:48.012\n在哮喘急性发作的患者中，\n\n09:48.161 --> 09:52.562\n约有60%.70%会出现不同程度的呼吸困难的症状。\n\n09:53.411 --> 09:55.486\n那么哮喘的发作规律呢，\n\n09:55.486 --> 09:57.461\n主要是根据季节性的发作。\n\n09:58.195 --> 09:58.395\n嗯，\n\n09:58.695 --> 10:00.245\n有明显的季节性的特点。\n\n10:00.245 --> 10:01.695\n在春季和秋季的话，\n\n10:01.745 --> 10:04.145\n哮喘发作的频率是相对比较高的。\n\n10:04.745 --> 10:05.346\n那么，\n\n10:05.495 --> 10:05.846\n嗯，\n\n10:05.846 --> 10:07.645\n春季是万物复苏的季节，\n\n10:07.645 --> 10:09.546\n有各种花粉飘散在空气中。\n\n10:10.562 --> 10:10.762\n嗯，\n\n10:10.812 --> 10:14.111\n花粉是最常常见导致哮喘发作的常见原因之一。\n\n10:14.461 --> 10:17.012\n在花粉高传播期间，\n\n10:17.062 --> 10:20.611\n哮喘患者的就诊人数会比平时增加30%.40%。\n\n10:20.812 --> 10:22.361\n秋季气温逐渐降低，\n\n10:22.361 --> 10:23.512\n昼夜温差较大，\n\n10:23.512 --> 10:24.786\n气道容易受到刺激，\n\n10:24.786 --> 10:27.512\n而且秋季也是尘螨繁殖的高峰期，\n\n10:27.762 --> 10:30.211\n这些因素都增加了哮喘发作的风险。\n\n10:30.771 --> 10:31.072\n比如说，\n\n10:31.072 --> 10:32.072\n每年春天，\n\n10:32.072 --> 10:33.671\n小王只要外出接触到花粉，\n\n10:33.671 --> 10:35.346\n就会出现哮喘的症状，\n\n10:35.346 --> 10:36.096\n而到了夏天，\n\n10:36.096 --> 10:38.072\n症状则会相对的减轻。\n\n10:40.757 --> 10:44.357\n那么哮喘症状在一天中发作也有一定的规律，\n\n10:44.458 --> 10:46.857\n通常在夜间和清晨更容易发作。\n\n10:47.158 --> 10:50.083\n这是因为在夜间人体的激素水平会发生变化，\n\n10:50.083 --> 10:52.882\n肾上腺素分泌明显的减少啊，\n\n10:52.882 --> 10:54.333\n同时迷走神经兴奋，\n\n10:54.333 --> 10:55.557\n气道平滑肌收缩，\n\n10:55.757 --> 10:57.458\n就容易引起哮喘的症状。\n\n10:59.070 --> 10:59.471\n嗯，\n\n10:59.620 --> 11:00.395\n同时呢，\n\n11:00.395 --> 11:03.320\n运动也是诱发哮喘发作的常见因素之一。\n\n11:03.520 --> 11:06.620\n许多哮喘患者在剧烈运动以后会出现哮喘的症状，\n\n11:06.620 --> 11:08.570\n这种情况被称为运动性的哮喘。\n\n11:08.770 --> 11:09.570\n一般来说，\n\n11:09.570 --> 11:10.546\n运动时间越长，\n\n11:10.546 --> 11:11.421\n强度越大，\n\n11:11.570 --> 11:13.520\n哮喘发作的可能性就越高。\n\n11:13.721 --> 11:17.570\n运动性哮喘通常在停运动停止后5.15分钟内发作，\n\n11:17.721 --> 11:20.770\n症状主要表现为喘息、咳嗽、呼吸困难等等。\n\n11:24.403 --> 11:24.953\n那么，\n\n11:24.953 --> 11:29.129\n哮喘发症状发生的发作的规律就是情绪，\n\n11:29.129 --> 11:33.004\n情绪因素也会存在一些诱发一些哮喘的发作。\n\n11:33.054 --> 11:37.054\n比如说患者处于紧张、焦虑、激动等强烈情绪状态时，\n\n11:37.153 --> 11:38.528\n体内会分泌一些激素，\n\n11:38.528 --> 11:39.903\n比如说肾上腺素啊，\n\n11:40.054 --> 11:43.054\n会导致气管平滑肌的收缩，\n\n11:43.054 --> 11:44.278\n气道反应性的增高，\n\n11:44.278 --> 11:45.703\n从而引发哮喘的症状。\n\n11:48.119 --> 11:52.518\n那么支气管哮喘的诊断方法、常规的检查项目以及整体介绍。\n\n11:52.518 --> 11:53.669\n主要是一些。\n\n11:54.479 --> 11:54.629\n嗯，\n\n11:54.629 --> 12:00.078\n从医生通过视诊、触诊、叩诊、听诊等方面对症患者进行全面的检查。\n\n12:00.629 --> 12:01.028\n嗯，\n\n12:01.028 --> 12:02.804\n观察呼吸的呼吸频率啊，\n\n12:02.804 --> 12:04.278\n节律有没有呼吸困难，\n\n12:04.278 --> 12:05.528\n口唇紫绀等等。\n\n12:05.679 --> 12:08.903\n有哮喘患者发作时可能出现呼吸急促、鼻翼颤动，\n\n12:08.903 --> 12:11.528\n严重时出现口唇紫绀等等。\n\n12:11.528 --> 12:13.979\n触诊时出现语颤减弱。\n\n12:14.278 --> 12:14.679\n嗯，\n\n12:14.679 --> 12:16.903\n叩诊出现患者的轻音啊，\n\n12:16.903 --> 12:17.903\n浊音等等情况，\n\n12:17.903 --> 12:19.629\n还可能出出现过轻音，\n\n12:19.979 --> 12:20.729\n还可以，\n\n12:20.729 --> 12:22.179\n听诊是最最重要的环节，\n\n12:22.179 --> 12:23.778\n医生能够听到哮鸣音。\n\n12:25.101 --> 12:25.452\n等等，\n\n12:25.851 --> 12:29.502\n那么支气管哮喘的诊断方法主要是以下几个方面，\n\n12:29.502 --> 12:31.002\n一个是血常规的检查，\n\n12:31.252 --> 12:33.901\n可以了解血液中各类细胞的数量和比例。\n\n12:33.901 --> 12:35.151\n在哮喘患者当中，\n\n12:35.151 --> 12:38.002\n嗜酸性粒细胞是一个最最最重要的指标。\n\n12:38.002 --> 12:39.752\n嗜酸性粒细胞常常会增高，\n\n12:40.302 --> 12:41.226\n那然后呢，\n\n12:41.226 --> 12:44.752\n胸部X线的检查作用是比较局限性的。\n\n12:44.752 --> 12:49.377\n胸部X线检查能够帮助患者观察肺部的大致形态结构。\n\n12:49.377 --> 12:50.702\n在哮喘发作的期间，\n\n12:50.702 --> 12:53.302\nX片可以显示两肺透亮度的增加，\n\n12:53.401 --> 12:54.952\n呈过度充气的状态。\n\n12:55.685 --> 12:56.335\n那么，\n\n12:56.486 --> 13:00.286\n支气管哮喘的诊断方法主要是一个是肺功能检查，\n\n13:00.435 --> 13:01.486\n这是，\n\n13:01.935 --> 13:04.736\n这是支气管哮喘诊断中最具有关键意义，\n\n13:04.736 --> 13:06.736\n能够直接反映气道的功能状态，\n\n13:06.986 --> 13:09.935\n为准确诊断和病情评估提供重要的依据。\n\n13:11.335 --> 13:11.786\n那么，\n\n13:11.786 --> 13:16.111\n通气功能检测指标的意义包括一些肺活量呀，\n\n13:16.111 --> 13:18.885\n用力肺活量疫苗率等等，\n\n13:18.885 --> 13:21.335\n评主要是评评估的一些指标。\n\n13:22.445 --> 13:22.695\n嗯，\n\n13:23.994 --> 13:26.044\n结合症状有助于诊断哮喘。\n\n13:26.344 --> 13:26.744\n嗯，\n\n13:26.744 --> 13:29.395\n那么支气管哮喘的治疗手段呢，\n\n13:29.445 --> 13:31.844\n主要包括一个是控制药物的作用，\n\n13:32.044 --> 13:33.807\n控控制药物和缓解药物。\n\n13:33.807 --> 13:36.794\n控制药物是每需要每天长期使用的药物，\n\n13:36.794 --> 13:39.145\n主要用于治疗慢性气道慢性炎症，\n\n13:39.195 --> 13:41.195\n使哮喘症状得到长期控制。\n\n13:41.195 --> 13:43.895\n吸入性的糖皮质激素是最常用的抗菌药物，\n\n13:44.244 --> 13:45.369\n比如说布地奈德呀，\n\n13:45.369 --> 13:46.445\n氟地卡松等等，\n\n13:46.544 --> 13:48.419\n它们都有效减轻气道的炎症，\n\n13:48.419 --> 13:49.794\n降低气道的高反应。\n\n13:50.044 --> 13:50.820\n研究表明，\n\n13:50.820 --> 13:52.645\n长期规范使用糖皮质。\n\n13:52.695 --> 13:56.846\n激素可以使得哮喘发作次数减少50%.70%，\n\n13:57.495 --> 13:58.620\n那么，\n\n13:58.620 --> 14:00.671\n一些还有一些缓解药物，\n\n14:00.671 --> 14:03.245\n缓解药物也是哮喘治疗的一个。\n\n14:04.911 --> 14:06.111\n一个，\n\n14:06.911 --> 14:12.085\n原就是重要的药物缓解药物是在哮喘发作的时候按需使用药物，\n\n14:12.085 --> 14:13.810\n能迅速缓解哮喘症状。\n\n14:14.111 --> 14:16.810\n短效的贝塔尔激动剂是最常用的缓解药物，\n\n14:16.810 --> 14:18.810\n比如说沙丁胺醇特布他林等等。\n\n14:18.911 --> 14:21.611\n这些药物可以快速的舒张支气管平滑肌，\n\n14:21.861 --> 14:23.060\n使得气道通畅。\n\n14:23.760 --> 14:28.161\n一般在吸入5.15分钟内有效作用可以持续4.6个小时。\n\n14:29.744 --> 14:29.943\n嗯。\n\n14:31.340 --> 14:32.190\n那么同时呢，\n\n14:32.190 --> 14:34.590\n一些吸入疗法具有一些独特的优势。\n\n14:34.590 --> 14:35.864\n优势比如，\n\n14:35.864 --> 14:36.565\n首先呢，\n\n14:36.565 --> 14:38.690\n药物可以直接作用于气道的靶器官，\n\n14:38.690 --> 14:39.927\n局部的药物浓度高，\n\n14:39.927 --> 14:43.190\n能够迅速的发挥抗炎舒张气道等作用，\n\n14:43.190 --> 14:45.090\n而全身不良反应相对较少。\n\n14:45.239 --> 14:46.664\n与口服药物相比的话，\n\n14:46.664 --> 14:49.640\n吸入疗法能使药物更快的达到病变部位，\n\n14:49.890 --> 14:50.890\n起效迅速。\n\n14:51.289 --> 14:51.940\n例如，\n\n14:51.940 --> 14:56.390\n糖皮质激素吸入几分钟后就能对气道炎症产生和抑制作用，\n\n14:56.489 --> 15:00.539\n而口服糖皮质激素则需要较长时间才能在气道达到有效的浓度，\n\n15:01.140 --> 15:01.539\n其。\n\n15:01.703 --> 15:01.903\n次呢，\n\n15:01.903 --> 15:04.054\n吸入疗法使用的药物剂量相对较小，\n\n15:04.304 --> 15:06.604\n能减少药物对全身的不良影响。\n\n15:08.539 --> 15:08.939\n那么，\n\n15:09.138 --> 15:13.388\n一些定路气雾剂也是我们常用的吸入装置之一。\n\n15:14.039 --> 15:14.414\n嗯，\n\n15:14.414 --> 15:15.489\n它需要注意的是，\n\n15:15.489 --> 15:17.588\n使用后需要用清水及时的漱口，\n\n15:17.588 --> 15:19.888\n以减少药物在口腔和咽部的残留，\n\n15:19.888 --> 15:21.289\n降低不良反应的发生。\n\n15:22.088 --> 15:22.439\n嗯，\n\n15:22.439 --> 15:23.939\n还有一些干粉吸入剂，\n\n15:23.939 --> 15:25.489\n它主要是使用方便，\n\n15:25.489 --> 15:27.664\n无需额外的动力装置。\n\n15:27.664 --> 15:27.963\n嗯，\n\n15:27.963 --> 15:29.539\n使用干粉剂以后，\n\n15:29.539 --> 15:30.739\n也同样是建议漱口，\n\n15:30.739 --> 15:32.088\n以保持口腔的清洁。\n\n15:32.708 --> 15:33.033\n嗯，\n\n15:33.033 --> 15:37.257\n同时一些雾化吸入器将药物融化溶液雾化成微小颗粒，\n\n15:37.257 --> 15:39.807\n使其更容易的达到气道深部。\n\n15:40.257 --> 15:40.658\n嗯，\n\n15:40.807 --> 15:41.557\n同时呢，\n\n15:41.557 --> 15:42.807\n对一些病情比较危重，\n\n15:42.807 --> 15:45.257\n无法配合使用其他吸入装置的患者，\n\n15:45.257 --> 15:48.507\n雾化吸入器能够更好的将药物送到气道，\n\n15:48.507 --> 15:49.557\n达到治疗的作用。\n\n15:49.557 --> 15:50.432\n雾化结束以后，\n\n15:50.432 --> 15:53.033\n要及时的清洗雾化器，\n\n15:53.033 --> 15:54.408\n防止细菌的滋滋生。\n\n15:55.685 --> 15:55.935\n那么，\n\n15:55.935 --> 15:57.460\n支气管哮喘的日常管理的话，\n\n15:57.460 --> 16:02.486\n第一个就是要明确的避免明确并且避免过敏食物的方法，\n\n16:02.635 --> 16:04.710\n就是患者要明确知道自己的过敏原，\n\n16:04.710 --> 16:06.135\n并且严格避免食用，\n\n16:06.236 --> 16:07.911\n或者一些花粉什么等等，\n\n16:07.911 --> 16:09.286\n尽尽量避免接触。\n\n16:09.536 --> 16:12.911\n还有一个就是选择一些有益的食物，\n\n16:12.911 --> 16:13.960\n对病情的帮助，\n\n16:13.960 --> 16:15.335\n比如说，\n\n16:15.536 --> 16:17.161\n富含维生素C的水果啊，\n\n16:17.161 --> 16:19.760\n橙子、柠檬、草莓具有抗氧化作用，\n\n16:19.760 --> 16:20.935\n增强免疫力等等，\n\n16:21.185 --> 16:23.060\n还有一些有益的蔬菜，\n\n16:23.060 --> 16:24.885\n一些，\n\n16:24.885 --> 16:25.885\n蛋白质含量比较。\n\n16:25.955 --> 16:26.955\n高的鱼类等等，\n\n16:27.255 --> 16:32.906\n嗯需要对一些选择一些对病情有帮助的有益食物。\n\n16:33.255 --> 16:34.606\n那么预防措施的话，\n\n16:34.606 --> 16:36.606\n一个就是避免过敏源，\n\n16:36.755 --> 16:40.580\n嗯过花粉过敏的高高发时段以及对应的策略。\n\n16:40.580 --> 16:44.005\n那么在花花粉高粉传播的高峰期的话，\n\n16:44.056 --> 16:46.755\n哮喘患者需及格外的小心。\n\n16:47.005 --> 16:47.330\n嗯，\n\n16:47.330 --> 16:48.255\n出门在外的话，\n\n16:48.255 --> 16:52.856\n尽量戴上口罩以隔离一些一些花粉进入呼吸道。\n\n16:54.057 --> 16:54.507\n然后，\n\n16:54.656 --> 16:56.531\n还有一些尘螨什么的，\n\n16:56.531 --> 16:58.581\n生活环境的话，\n\n16:58.581 --> 17:03.057\n在清洗床单呀、枕头啊、沙发等等用品的时候，\n\n17:03.057 --> 17:04.107\n需要戴好口罩，\n\n17:04.107 --> 17:05.557\n并且定做好防护。\n\n17:06.642 --> 17:06.843\n嗯，\n\n17:06.843 --> 17:11.343\n然后一些宠物毛屑过敏的原则也是，\n\n17:11.343 --> 17:12.642\n尽量避免饲养宠物。\n\n17:12.642 --> 17:14.267\n如果一定一定饲养宠物的话，\n\n17:14.267 --> 17:17.942\n尽量就跟宠物跟卧室等区域是隔离开，\n\n17:18.042 --> 17:19.743\n然后定期给宠物洗澡呀，\n\n17:19.743 --> 17:22.642\n梳理毛发减少头发和皮屑的掉落等等。\n\n17:23.243 --> 17:23.917\n同时呢，\n\n17:23.917 --> 17:24.868\n一些，\n\n17:24.868 --> 17:28.618\n个人卫生习惯的那个要点也要做好，\n\n17:28.618 --> 17:29.993\n一个就是勤洗手啊。\n\n17:31.253 --> 17:33.628\n那避免飞沫传播在流感高发季节的话，\n\n17:33.628 --> 17:35.353\n要勤洗手啊，\n\n17:35.353 --> 17:37.302\n正确的咳嗽和打喷嚏的习惯，\n\n17:37.402 --> 17:40.703\n然后佩戴口罩等等啊。\n\n17:40.753 --> 17:41.453\n同时呢，\n\n17:41.453 --> 17:43.353\n要增强一些机体的免疫力，\n\n17:43.552 --> 17:43.953\n嗯，\n\n17:44.003 --> 17:46.128\n有助于感有助于预防呼吸道的感染，\n\n17:46.128 --> 17:48.103\n从而降低哮喘的发作风险。\n\n17:48.302 --> 17:51.302\n并且均衡的饮食一些，\n\n17:51.302 --> 17:53.853\n中等强度的有氧运动等等，\n\n17:53.853 --> 17:56.402\n并且保证七到8小时的高质量睡眠，\n\n17:56.402 --> 17:58.302\n让身体得到充分的休息等等，\n\n17:58.402 --> 18:00.953\n这些都是预防呼吸道感染的一些措施。\n\n18:01.550 --> 18:02.400\n同时呢，\n\n18:02.400 --> 18:02.724\n嗯，\n\n18:02.724 --> 18:05.449\n避免到人群聚集的场所啊。\n\n18:07.725 --> 18:09.551\n在呼吸道疾病高发的季节，\n\n18:09.551 --> 18:10.625\n如冬季和春季，\n\n18:10.625 --> 18:12.326\n尽量避免前往人群密集。\n\n18:13.350 --> 18:14.350\n空气不流通的场所，\n\n18:14.350 --> 18:15.875\n如商场啊，\n\n18:15.875 --> 18:16.625\n电影院等等，\n\n18:16.625 --> 18:17.901\n这些场所人员众多，\n\n18:17.901 --> 18:19.426\n病菌传播的几率比较高，\n\n18:19.426 --> 18:22.701\n哮喘患者感染的风险也相应的增加。\n\n18:23.000 --> 18:27.250\n例如在流行在流感盛行的冬季，\n\n18:27.250 --> 18:29.875\n很多人在商场的密闭空间内活动，\n\n18:29.875 --> 18:32.826\n空气不流通使得病菌容易传播，\n\n18:32.826 --> 18:35.826\n哮喘患者前往此类场所和感染呼吸道疾病，\n\n18:35.826 --> 18:37.625\n并诱发哮喘发生的可能性很大，\n\n18:37.625 --> 18:39.500\n因为应该尽量避免前往。\n\n18:40.608 --> 18:43.508\n这就是我今天和大家分享的内容啊，\n\n18:43.907 --> 18:45.633\n今天的分享就到此结束，\n\n18:45.633 --> 18:46.108\n谢谢。\n\n","v0347cg10004d61aukiljht2ed18b03g",1142,633,"2026-01-24 23:42:34"," 支气管哮喘基础知识 - 症状、病因与治疗方法全解析  "," 支气管哮喘, 哮喘症状, 哮喘病因, 哮喘治疗, 哮喘预防, 呼吸系统疾病  "," 本文详细介绍了支气管哮喘的基础知识，包括常见症状、主要病因、诊断方法和有效治疗方案，帮助您更好地了解和管理这一慢性呼吸系统疾病。","2026-04-06 08:00:00",[36],{"menuId":37,"menuName":38,"parentId":17,"orderNum":39,"path":40,"component":41,"isFrame":42,"isCache":43,"menuType":44,"visible":22,"status":17,"createDept":6,"remark":24,"createTime":45,"children":46,"columnImage":47,"columnLogo":48,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":17,"isHome":17,"forceLogin":17,"color":6,"seoTitle":49,"seoKeywords":50,"seoDescription":51,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":52,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":53,"routerPath":40,"componentInfo":41},"1986622624134549505","科普视频",3,"video","/video.html","1","0","T","2025-11-07 10:31:58",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:09:40/0d7fcb56-3dc4-4dcb-99ca-a5d5c438378e.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:09:43/958efac7-dd02-4681-b8fd-0dd84b1bbf42.png","健康科普视频大全,了解你的健康生活","健康科普视频, 戒烟视频, 饮食健康视频, 胸痛科普, 用药知识, 职业健康视频, 贫血科普, 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