[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fxJ37y225oyyo9sTL-No2XrA0RT_2U0cG_kK43Uy_p2Y":8},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":47},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"name":13,"describes":6,"symptoms":6,"checkup":6,"treatment":6,"seoTitle":6,"seoKeywords":6,"seoDescription":6,"coverVertical":6,"coverAcross":6,"introduceClassifications":14,"departments":45},8106,"小头畸形",[15,20,25,30,35,40],{"id":16,"classification":17,"description":18,"sort":19,"diseaseId":12},127474,"概述","\u003Cp>　　小头畸形(microcephaly)的特点是头小和脑发育不全。分伴和不伴其他畸形两类，均包括遗传、环境和原因不明3类情况。由遗传决定者为原发性小头畸形，是一种独特的情况。\u003C/p>",0,{"id":21,"classification":22,"description":23,"sort":24,"diseaseId":12},127475,"病因","\u003Cp>　　发病机理不明。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　病理\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　突出表现是脑萎小，重量为正常脑的1，3-l/4，额回小且融合，枕叶不能遮盖小脑，岛盖发育不全而致脑岛裸露。脑同结构简单，小头畸形的病因可见巨脑回、小脑回和脑回不对称。脑皮质与髓质体秘比尚属正常。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　遗传学\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　发病率约2.5×10-5。家系中同胞多人患病及近亲婚配率高，小头畸形呈AR遗传，也有报道为AD遗传的类型。\u003C/p>",1,{"id":26,"classification":27,"description":28,"sort":29,"diseaseId":12},127476,"症状","\u003Cp>　　常见症状：头小、身高体重不达标\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　出生时头小，头颅外形特殊，前额狭而后倾，顶尖，枕扁平，与发育完整的面骨形成强烈对比。鼻梁低，耳大，头围在同龄儿头围平均值的3个标准差以下。矮小，身高和体重亦低于同龄儿正常值下限。偶见头皮变厚，有褶皱如同脑回，称回状头皮(cutis verricis gyrata)。85%患儿发型异常，额发际届掠，顶部发螺纹不明显。中至重度的智能发育不全，情绪多不稳，口齿不清。神经体征常见运动性共济失调伴轻度痉挛，锥体束征，惊厥发作。在病理标本上观察脑回、脑沟仍然存在，蛛网膜下腔比较宽敞。脑回细如鸡肠，其表面积远与相应年龄不符。\u003C/p>",2,{"id":31,"classification":32,"description":33,"sort":34,"diseaseId":12},127477,"检查","\u003Cp>　　检查项目：X线、CT、神经系统、核磁\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　诊断检查：\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　头围小于正常儿头围平均值3个标准差以下，外貌特殊，智能低下，矮小，X线示颅腔各径线显著变短，其他影像学检查示脑容积变小等可作诊断。\u003C/p>",3,{"id":36,"classification":37,"description":38,"sort":39,"diseaseId":12},127478,"鉴别","\u003Cp>　　鉴别诊断：\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　须与猫叫综合征鉴别。\u003C/p>",4,{"id":41,"classification":42,"description":43,"sort":44,"diseaseId":12},127479,"治疗","\u003Cp>　　治疗本病时应经过头颅照片及CT等检查，对于有颅内压升高者，应尽早手术。对于单纯骨缝闭合过早的患儿，可采用神经外科手术疗法，能取得一定的疗效。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　小头畸形，以手术治疗为主，目的在扩大颅腔，解除颅内高压，使受压的脑组织及颅神经得到发育和生长。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　手术治疗有两种方式，一种切除过早闭合的骨缝，再选新的骨缝，二是切除大块骨质以达到减压和有利于脑的发育。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　手术越早越好，出后六个月以内手术者预后较好，一旦出视神经萎缩和智能障碍，即使施行手术，功能已不易恢复。\u003C/p>",5,[46],"整形外科",true]