[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fwh65E-lzWdJk2XqRcMx-Wm-CjRzIc4b04xUL_hl9vLo":8},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":62},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"name":13,"describes":6,"symptoms":6,"checkup":6,"treatment":6,"seoTitle":14,"seoKeywords":15,"seoDescription":16,"coverVertical":6,"coverAcross":6,"introduceClassifications":17,"departments":58},4769,"小儿食管异物"," 小儿食管异物的症状、诊断与治疗\n"," 小儿食管异物, 儿童吞咽异物, 食道异物症状, 食管异物诊断, 食管异物治疗, 儿童急救, 医学常识\n"," 了解小儿食管异物的常见症状、如何诊断和有效治疗方法。及时处理儿童吞咽异物，保障孩子健康成长。提供详细的医学常识与急救指南，为家长提供实用指导和信息。",[18,23,28,33,38,43,48,53],{"id":19,"classification":20,"description":21,"sort":22,"diseaseId":12},157653,"概述","\u003Cp>　　食管异物 (foreign bodies of the esophagus)是因儿童喜将物品含在口中玩耍，误吞而造成食管异物。常见的异物为硬币、纽扣、微型电池、别针、塑料盖、骨片、枣核等。\u003C/p>",0,{"id":24,"classification":25,"description":26,"sort":27,"diseaseId":12},157654,"病因","\u003Cp>　　(一)发病原因食管异物可分为两类：一类为进食咀嚼时不慎滑入下咽部进入食管，如鱼刺或鸡骨等;另一类为小儿将含在口中或玩耍的异形器具误吞入食管，如曲别针及各种尖锐异物。由于食管为一有较大弹性的肌性管道，一般进入食管的异物多数可随着吞咽蠕动送入胃内，存留于食管内的多为较大而形状不规则的锐性异物。一般多存留在食管第一狭窄处，也可停留在胸段第二狭窄处，相当于主动脉弓水平。通过第二狭窄的异物多数可排送入胃。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>(二)发病机制食管异物可使局部食管黏膜损伤，小的异物仅造成食管黏膜的擦伤或形成小的限局性血肿及糜烂，一般不会引起严重后果。较大而尖锐的异物可刺破食管全层，甚至造成食管穿孔，尤其停留在第二狭窄处的异物，如穿透食管壁，累及主动脉壁，可发生主动脉食管瘘，引起致命性大出血而死亡。由于局部组织的破损加之来自口腔的感染，食管异物停留处组织发生粘连，形成食管周围炎或限局性脓肿。脓肿进一步扩大可引起纵隔感染，并波及周围组织。\u003C/p>",1,{"id":29,"classification":30,"description":31,"sort":32,"diseaseId":12},157655,"症状","\u003Cp>　　常见症状：吞咽困难、吞咽疼痛、呼吸困难、颈部活动受限等\u003C/p>",2,{"id":34,"classification":35,"description":36,"sort":37,"diseaseId":12},157656,"检查","\u003Cp>　　检查项目：x线检查、食管镜检查\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　并发感染时常有感染血象，白细胞和中性粒细胞增高。 X线检查是确诊食管异物的主要方法，不仅可以明确食管异物的性状、位置，也是诊断是否合并食管穿孔的重要手段。颈胸正侧位片可显示不透X线的异物影像，如疑为不显影的异物，可行食管造影检查，多数即可确定诊断。如同时合并食管穿孔者可表现为颈段组织内游离气体，椎前软组织因炎症而增宽、气管前移。明确为食管异物者可直接行食管内镜检查，试行取出异物。对已造成食管穿孔或镜下取异物失败者应手术治疗。\u003C/p>",3,{"id":39,"classification":40,"description":41,"sort":42,"diseaseId":12},157657,"鉴别","\u003Cp>　　根据病史及临床特点易于诊断，与自发性食管破裂相鉴别，主要依靠吞入异物病史和辅助检查,发现食道异物存在 。 自发性食管破裂 是指因管腔内压力骤增，致使邻近横膈上的食管左侧壁全层纵行撕裂。又称Boerhaave综合征、自发性食管撕裂综合征、食管压力性破裂等。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003C/p>",4,{"id":44,"classification":45,"description":46,"sort":47,"diseaseId":12},157658,"并发症","\u003Cp>　　小婴儿表现为哭闹，误吸及较大异物压迫，致声音嘶哑、咳嗽、喘鸣, 甚至窒息。食管异物的常见合并症为食管炎、食管穿孔、食管气管瘘、纵隔炎、食管周围脓肿或上纵隔脓肿，偶可见呼吸道感染。如局部炎症涉及或异物伤及主动脉可发生大出血，危及生命。\u003C/p>",5,{"id":49,"classification":50,"description":51,"sort":52,"diseaseId":12},157659,"治疗","\u003Cp>　　(一)治疗食管异物一经确诊即需用食管镜取出异物。胸部正侧位平片可显示不透X线的金属异物;而多次小口吞咽造影剂，显示食管局限性充盈缺损，可提示透光异物存在。如异物嵌入食管壁内或穿出食管外，应行外科手术取出。对食管异物的合并症应及时进行对症及对因处理，如抗感染等治疗。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>(二)预后取出异物后预后良好。\u003C/p>",6,{"id":54,"classification":55,"description":56,"sort":57,"diseaseId":12},157660,"饮食","\u003Cp>　　1.进食时要细嚼慢咽，不宜过于匆忙。牙齿脱落较多或用牙套矫正的孩子，尤应注意。损坏的假牙要及时修复，以免进食时松动、脱落，误吞成为异物。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　2.教育小儿改正口含小玩物的不良习惯，以防不慎咽下。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　3.全麻或昏迷病人，应将活动的假牙、牙套等。\u003C/p>",7,[59,60,61],"消化内科","胸外科","急诊科",true]