[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fw0K229Xc7hR_DTrm0zcmubI2tAFzr2THJxv4qJ6nQNU":8},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":106},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"name":13,"describes":6,"symptoms":6,"checkup":6,"treatment":6,"seoTitle":14,"seoKeywords":15,"seoDescription":16,"coverVertical":6,"coverAcross":6,"introduceClassifications":17,"departments":105},144,"乳管镜检查"," 乳管镜检查 - 全面了解乳腺健康的关键检测方法\n"," 乳管镜检查, 乳腺健康, 乳腺疾病, 乳腺检查, 乳腺肿瘤, 乳腺癌早期检测\n"," 乳管镜检查是一种先进的乳腺疾病检测方法，通过直接观察乳腺导管内情况，有助于早期发现和诊断乳腺肿瘤及其他疾病，保障女性乳腺健康。了解乳管镜检查的步骤、优势和相关知识，为您的乳腺健康保驾护航。",[18,23,25,29,31,36,40,42,44,48,50,52,56,58,60,65,67,69,74,76,78,83,85,87,92,94,96,101,103],{"id":19,"classification":20,"description":21,"sort":22,"diseaseId":12},55197,"概述","\u003Cp>　　表皮葡萄球菌(staphylococcus epidermidis，SE)可以引致肺炎。可分为原发(吸入)性和继发(血源)性两类。起病急骤，全身毒性症状明显，咳嗽，咳脓血痰，多数病人消瘦。病情较重，易出现并发症。血白细胞计数和中性粒细胞比值明显增高。治疗以有效抗生素和支持疗法为主，伴有脓胸或其他部位化脓性病源时，应及时切开引流。\u003C/p>",0,{"id":24,"classification":20,"description":21,"sort":22,"diseaseId":12},80880,{"id":26,"classification":27,"description":28,"sort":22,"diseaseId":12},50104,"症状","\u003Cp>　　常见症状：咳嗽、心力衰竭、便秘、失眠、淋巴结肿大、腹泻、恶心与呕吐、肝脾肿大、嗜酸性粒细胞增多、乏力、食欲不振、弛张热\u003C/p>",{"id":30,"classification":20,"description":21,"sort":22,"diseaseId":12},60696,{"id":32,"classification":33,"description":34,"sort":35,"diseaseId":12},50105,"检查","\u003Cp>　　检查项目：血常规、血液生化六项检查、蛋白电泳、胸部平片、尿常规\u003C/p>",1,{"id":37,"classification":38,"description":39,"sort":35,"diseaseId":12},55198,"病因","\u003Cp>　　葡萄球菌有31种，有一半可以寄居于人体，金黄色葡萄球菌和SE都是最常寄居于人体和最易引起疾病的菌种。根据细菌对甲氧苯青霉素的敏感情况，将葡萄球菌分成敏感和耐药两部分。又根据凝固酶情况分成阴性和阳性。\u003C/p>",{"id":41,"classification":38,"description":39,"sort":35,"diseaseId":12},80881,{"id":43,"classification":38,"description":39,"sort":35,"diseaseId":12},60697,{"id":45,"classification":27,"description":46,"sort":47,"diseaseId":12},55199,"\u003Cp>　　常见症状：发烧、咳嗽、咳痰、啰音、咳血痰、肺部感染、菌血症、脑膜刺激征\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　与金葡菌相比，CNS不产生α-毒素或中毒性休克综合征毒素，因为不含超抗原。SE的毒力因子比金葡菌少，很少引起急性暴发性感染。SE是早产儿出生18h后败血症的主要病原菌，败血症的发病率与妊娠期及新生儿出生体重明显相关，患有中性粒细胞减少，特别是白血病的病人，约有1/3出现SE性败血症，其感染均与调理吞噬作用减少有关。许多由SE引起的急性临床感染疾病，如心瓣膜修补术引起的心内膜炎、脑脊液引流致脑室炎，大约1/3的病例持续有SE。\u003C/p>",2,{"id":49,"classification":27,"description":46,"sort":47,"diseaseId":12},80882,{"id":51,"classification":27,"description":46,"sort":47,"diseaseId":12},60698,{"id":53,"classification":33,"description":54,"sort":55,"diseaseId":12},60699,"\u003Cp>　　检查项目：白细胞数、植物血凝素皮内试验、浆膜腔积液\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　外周血白细胞>10×109/L。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　其他辅助检查：植物血凝素皮内试验。\u003C/p>",3,{"id":57,"classification":33,"description":54,"sort":55,"diseaseId":12},80883,{"id":59,"classification":33,"description":54,"sort":55,"diseaseId":12},55200,{"id":61,"classification":62,"description":63,"sort":64,"diseaseId":12},60700,"鉴别","\u003Cp>须与黄色葡球菌相鉴别。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003C/p>",4,{"id":66,"classification":62,"description":63,"sort":64,"diseaseId":12},55201,{"id":68,"classification":62,"description":63,"sort":64,"diseaseId":12},80884,{"id":70,"classification":71,"description":72,"sort":73,"diseaseId":12},60701,"并发症","\u003Cp>可致菌血症合并心内膜炎、骨髓炎、化脓性关节炎。\u003C/p>",5,{"id":75,"classification":71,"description":72,"sort":73,"diseaseId":12},55202,{"id":77,"classification":71,"description":72,"sort":73,"diseaseId":12},80885,{"id":79,"classification":80,"description":81,"sort":82,"diseaseId":12},60702,"预防","\u003Cp>　　积极治疗皮肤疖肿，化脓性骨髓炎及深部脓肿等感染，医院内采取措施严格消毒及规范操作以防止交叉感染，慢性患者应加强营养支持及增加免疫力，尽量避免滥用抗菌药物及免疫抑制剂等，均为预防本病的必要措施。\u003C/p>",6,{"id":84,"classification":80,"description":81,"sort":82,"diseaseId":12},55203,{"id":86,"classification":80,"description":81,"sort":82,"diseaseId":12},80886,{"id":88,"classification":89,"description":90,"sort":91,"diseaseId":12},55204,"治疗","\u003Cp>　　当20世纪70年代末尚未认识SE的病原性时，Papapetropoulos等分离了120株CNS，其中SE为76株。分离率最高的标本是创伤和化脓性感染，各是12/16、16/20，还有尿路感染18/34、败血症17/35、腐生葡萄球菌10株。那时SE的67%耐青霉素G，52.6%耐链霉素，96%耐庆大霉素，多数对新型青霉素、先锋霉素、头孢匹林敏感，磺胺甲恶唑(磺胺甲基异恶唑)对所有SE均有作用。20年来SE的耐药谱发生了显著的变化，人们发现了它的耐药机制。葡萄球菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药性的两大机制是产生可诱导的β-内酰胺酶和对药物的亲和力降低。CNS的耐药机制是β-内酰胺类药物能与细菌细胞上的靶位，即青霉素结合蛋白(PBPs)共价结合。PBPs 是合成菌细胞壁的酶，由于被药结合而失去其功能，均由一种低亲和力青霉素结合蛋白PBP2a导致其与药物的结合，仍能起合成菌细胞壁的作用。CNS耐药菌株的PBP2a的基因Mec与耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的Mec相同，在β-酰胺酶过度产生的菌株中，SE的产酶量要高于金黄色葡萄球菌。甲氧西林敏感型与耐药型SE在临床上的致病能力并无差别。CNS对其他抗菌药物的异型耐药性比金黄色葡萄球菌更重要，由于CNS的耐药性菌株亚群数目比金葡菌少，给检测带来一定困难.应做PCR反应以检测Mec基因。有关糖肽类抗生素治疗CNS的机制尚不完全清楚，很可能SE的耐药性与菌体39KD蛋白有关，而溶血性葡萄球菌的耐药性则与35KD蛋白有关。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌(MRS)是葡萄球菌的主要耐药问题。MRS是医院感染的重要致病菌。分离率为60%，在ICU病房可高达90%。NCCLs药敏指南规定，凡MRS菌株不管体外药敏结果是否耐药，均应对全部β-内酰胺类抗菌药物报道耐药，其中包括青霉素类、头孢类、含酶抑制剂的复合制剂、碳青霉烯类、单酰胺类抗生素，即使体外试验是敏感的，但体内疗效也是不佳的。\u003C/p>",7,{"id":93,"classification":89,"description":90,"sort":91,"diseaseId":12},60703,{"id":95,"classification":89,"description":90,"sort":91,"diseaseId":12},80887,{"id":97,"classification":98,"description":99,"sort":100,"diseaseId":12},55205,"饮食","\u003Cp>　　服用任何药物后的30分钟内都不能吸烟。因为烟碱会加快肝脏降解药物的速度，导致血液中药物浓度不足，难以充分发挥药效。试验证实，服药后30分钟内吸烟，血药浓度约降至不吸烟时的1/20。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　服用抗生素前后2小时内不要饮用牛奶或果汁。因为牛奶会降低抗生素活性，使药效无法充分发挥;而果汁(尤其是新鲜果汁)中富含的果酸则加速抗生素溶解，不仅降低药效，还可能生成有害的中间产物，增加毒副作用。\u003C/p>",8,{"id":102,"classification":98,"description":99,"sort":100,"diseaseId":12},60704,{"id":104,"classification":98,"description":99,"sort":100,"diseaseId":12},80888,[],true]