[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fwqNS7r28nkxVkdKCmyCqJADNBKGWdSpH60m0cWmnFOg":8},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":106},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"name":13,"describes":6,"symptoms":6,"checkup":6,"treatment":6,"seoTitle":14,"seoKeywords":15,"seoDescription":16,"coverVertical":6,"coverAcross":6,"introduceClassifications":17,"departments":105},107,"乳腺钙化"," 乳腺钙化：症状、诊断与治疗指南\n"," 乳腺钙化, 乳腺钙化症状, 乳腺钙化诊断, 乳腺钙化治疗, 钙化点, 乳房检查, 乳腺健康\n"," 乳腺钙化是一种常见的乳房病变，通常在乳房x线检查中发现。本文详细介绍了乳腺钙化的症状、诊断方法以及有效的治疗方案，帮助您深入了解乳腺钙化及其对健康的影响。了解更多关于乳腺健康的信息，保护您的健康。",[18,23,25,29,31,36,40,42,44,48,50,52,56,58,60,65,67,69,74,76,78,83,85,87,92,94,96,101,103],{"id":19,"classification":20,"description":21,"sort":22,"diseaseId":12},54967,"概述","\u003Cp>　　肠杆菌肺炎(enterobacter pneumonia)过去极为罕见。近几十年。随着广谱抗生素和呼吸医疗器械应用的增多，肠杆菌肺炎已占院内获得性肺炎的9.4%，其中以阴沟肠杆菌和产气肠杆菌所致者多见。临床上，肠杆菌肺炎多发生于衰弱或免疫抑制者，易由污染的医疗器械引起暴发流行，常伴菌血症和对多种抗生素治疗反应差等特征。\u003C/p>",0,{"id":24,"classification":20,"description":21,"sort":22,"diseaseId":12},80649,{"id":26,"classification":27,"description":28,"sort":22,"diseaseId":12},49886,"症状","\u003Cp>　　常见症状：心绞痛、晕厥、呼吸异常、心悸\u003C/p>",{"id":30,"classification":20,"description":21,"sort":22,"diseaseId":12},60473,{"id":32,"classification":33,"description":34,"sort":35,"diseaseId":12},49887,"检查","\u003Cp>　　检查项目：心电图、动态心电图、超声心动图、超声心动图、X线和CT检查\u003C/p>",1,{"id":37,"classification":38,"description":39,"sort":35,"diseaseId":12},54968,"病因","\u003Cp>　　肠杆菌属分阴沟肠杆菌、产气肠杆菌、聚团肠杆菌、杰高菲肠杆菌、坂琦肠杆菌和泰勒肠杆菌。其中阴沟肠杆菌和产气肠杆菌是临床上较重要的条件致病菌，可引起肺炎、败血症、尿路感染和脑膜炎等;聚团肠杆菌是重要的医院内感染病原菌，可污染输液引起败血症和其他感染。肠杆菌属细菌广泛分布于自然环境中。土壤、污水、腐烂蔬菜和乳制品中均可发现。阴沟肠杆菌和产气肠杆菌可寄殖于胃肠道和呼吸道，为正常菌群的一部分。\u003C/p>",{"id":41,"classification":38,"description":39,"sort":35,"diseaseId":12},80650,{"id":43,"classification":38,"description":39,"sort":35,"diseaseId":12},60474,{"id":45,"classification":27,"description":46,"sort":47,"diseaseId":12},54969,"\u003Cp>　　常见症状：发烧、畏寒、咳嗽、咳痰、黏液脓性痰、咯血、气急、发绀、湿啰音\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　肠杆菌肺炎与其他革兰阴性杆菌肺炎相似。起病急骤，突起畏寒发热。体温常于37.7～38.8℃之间。咳嗽明显，咳痰量较多，呈黏液脓性，但与克雷白杆菌肺炎不同，咯血和血性痰少见。如病变广泛，可有呼吸困难。体格检查可有气急、发绀。常于两肺闻及湿性啰音，肺部实变体征少见。如系血源性感染者，肺部体征有时缺如，但常常发现尿路和消化道等肺外感染的表现。\u003C/p>",2,{"id":49,"classification":27,"description":46,"sort":47,"diseaseId":12},80651,{"id":51,"classification":27,"description":46,"sort":47,"diseaseId":12},60475,{"id":53,"classification":33,"description":54,"sort":55,"diseaseId":12},60476,"\u003Cp>　　检查项目：白细胞计数（WBC）、中性粒细胞计数（NEUT）、尿常规、肾功能检查、肝功能检查、胸部平片、痰液细菌培养\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　1.血象 白细胞总数可增高或正常，但中性粒细胞常明显增加，贫血较常见。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　2.尿常规、肾功能和肝功能 肠杆菌败血症合并肺炎者，尿常规、肾功能和肝功能可能异常。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　3.痰液细菌培养为确诊肠杆菌肺炎的唯一手段。临床咳出的痰受口咽部其他细菌的污染，可采用经环甲膜穿刺、经皮肺穿刺和经纤支镜获得标本。若采用咳痰培养，标本需先进行培养前处理和应用合适的选择培养基，以提高结果的可靠性。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　(1)咳痰的处理：咳出的痰液先用生理盐水清洗5～9次后(可平均减少污染菌达100倍)，直接涂片检查。若低倍视野下，白细胞>25、鳞状上皮细胞\u003C10 1=\"\" 2=\"\" 37=\"\">106/ml，则认为培养有诊断意义，进一步进行一系列生化反应和分型以确定菌种、株和型。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　(2)选择培养基：因痰标本中有时肠杆菌属浓度较低，需用选择培养基提高培养阳性率。选择培养基的成分：2%纤维素二糖、0.1%酵母浸膏、0.03% 去氧胆酸钠、10μg/ml头孢菌素、1%琼脂和Andrade's指示剂。多数阴沟肠杆菌经37℃ 24h培养后，由于pH变化而产生色素，多数粪大肠菌群生长缓慢或根本不生长。产气肠杆菌在此培养基上也能生长。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　X线检查胸片常显示双下肺支气管肺炎，但有少数仅见肺纹理增多而无明显的肺实质浸润。少数吸入感染患者，右肺上叶后段及下叶背段可见较大范围的实变影，其间可见空洞，但远较克雷白杆菌肺炎少见。血源感染的病例，胸片见为不规则结节状密度增高，直径4～10mm，遍布全肺。如病情发展，则结节增大融合。\u003C/p>",3,{"id":57,"classification":33,"description":54,"sort":55,"diseaseId":12},80652,{"id":59,"classification":33,"description":54,"sort":55,"diseaseId":12},54970,{"id":61,"classification":62,"description":63,"sort":64,"diseaseId":12},60477,"鉴别","\u003Cp>　　应与革兰阴性杆菌肺炎如：铜绿假单胞菌肺炎、克雷白杆菌肺炎、流感嗜血杆菌肺炎、变形杆菌肺炎相鉴别。\u003C/p>",4,{"id":66,"classification":62,"description":63,"sort":64,"diseaseId":12},54971,{"id":68,"classification":62,"description":63,"sort":64,"diseaseId":12},80653,{"id":70,"classification":71,"description":72,"sort":73,"diseaseId":12},60478,"并发症","\u003Cp>　　肠杆菌肺炎常见的并发症之一为菌血症。文献报道在各种原因的肠杆菌菌血症中，先由呼吸道感染，再发展为菌血症者占11%，仅次于腹部脏器和泌尿系感染者。因此当疑及肺部感染系血源播散所致者或伴有菌血症者，应进行血培养。如肠杆菌阳性，即可确诊。\u003C/p>",5,{"id":75,"classification":71,"description":72,"sort":73,"diseaseId":12},54972,{"id":77,"classification":71,"description":72,"sort":73,"diseaseId":12},80654,{"id":79,"classification":80,"description":81,"sort":82,"diseaseId":12},60479,"预防","\u003Cp>　　1.减少预防性应用抗生素 据研究，抗生素，特别是头孢类抗生素的预防应用，可增加住院患者肠杆菌属的携带率。因此，减少抗生素预防应用，可预防肠杆菌肺炎的发生。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　2.局部应用不吸收的口服抗生素 减少口咽和胃肠道肠杆菌属细菌的寄殖，可以减少ICU中患者肠杆菌属感染的发生。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　3.阻止局部肠杆菌属寄殖发展为感染 有研究表明，应用主动的或被动免疫制药，可阻止寄殖的肠杆菌属发展为感染，但目前大多处于实验阶段。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　4.防止患者之间的感染传播 医务人员在进行呼吸道护理和治疗时，注意洗手，严格无菌操作。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　5.疑及发生暴发感染 立即进行分型以确定相应的控制措施。\u003C/p>",6,{"id":84,"classification":80,"description":81,"sort":82,"diseaseId":12},54973,{"id":86,"classification":80,"description":81,"sort":82,"diseaseId":12},80655,{"id":88,"classification":89,"description":90,"sort":91,"diseaseId":12},54974,"治疗","\u003Cp>　　1.一般治疗包括休息、护理、饮食、吸氧、镇咳祛痰等一般治疗。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　2.抗菌治疗选用针对致病菌并结合药敏试验选用抗生素。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　3.并发症治疗对并发脓胸等及时穿刺或引流，若影响到其他脏器的功能，应作相应的处理。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　4.原发病的治疗原发病性质往往是决定肠杆菌属细菌感染预后的重要因素。因此，在抗菌治疗的同时，积极治疗原发病。\u003C/p>",7,{"id":93,"classification":89,"description":90,"sort":91,"diseaseId":12},60480,{"id":95,"classification":89,"description":90,"sort":91,"diseaseId":12},80656,{"id":97,"classification":98,"description":99,"sort":100,"diseaseId":12},54975,"饮食","\u003Cp>　　芹菜熘鲤鱼——原料鲤鱼250克，鲜芹菜50克，淀粉、姜丝、蒜丝、酱油、白糖、醋、精盐、味精、黄酒、泡酸辣椒、菜油适量。制作将鲤鱼切成丝，芹菜切段，把酱油、白糖、醋、味精、黄酒、盐、淀粉，上汤调成汁。炒锅置旺火上，下油烧至5成热，放人鱼丝熘散，沥去余油，放姜丝、泡酸辣椒。芹菜段炒出香味，而后烹入芡汁，放人亮油，起锅即可。功效鲤鱼有清热解毒、利尿消肿、止咳下气等功效;芹菜有平肝清热、祛风利湿、养神益气等功效。鲤鱼芹菜合食，适用于急慢性肺炎的辅助治疗。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　兔肉蘑菇丝——原料熟兔肉100克，蘑菇50克，葱白 25克，辣椒油、酱油、醋、白糖、香油、芝麻酱、花椒粉、味精适量。制作将熟兔肉、葱白分别切丝，蘑菇煮熟。葱、蘑菇垫底，兔丝盖面，盛入盘内。用酱油把芝麻酱分次调散，香油调匀成味汁，淋于兔丝卜即可食用。功效免肉有清热解毒、益气健脾、祛湿凉血、利便等功效，蘑菇有解毒润燥、益气补脾、化湿止泻等功效。兔肉蘑菇合食，适用于治疗急性肺炎。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　鹌鹑百合汤——原料鹌鹑1只，百合25克，生姜、葱、味精、细盐适量。制作将鹌鹑杀后去毛、去脚爪、去内脏洗净，放人开水中焯一下，捞出切块;将百合掰瓣，洗净，备用。将姜、葱洗净，姜拍破，葱切段。锅置于旺火上，倒入适量清水，放人鹌鹑，烧开，下百合、姜块、葱段，改用小火炖至鹌鹑熟时，加入盐、味精焖数分钟，入汤碗即可食用。功效鹌鹑肉有补五脏、益肝清肺、清热利湿、消积止泻等功效;百合有润肺止咳、养阴清热、清心安神等功效。二者同食，适用于急慢性肺炎。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>　　瘦肉白菜汤——原料瘦肉、大白菜心各100克，姜、蒜、盐、味精、鸡油少许。制作瘦肉切丝，白菜洗净、切丝，放入沸水中，刚熟时捞出，放清水漂净，滤干水分待用;锅置于旺火上，下鸡油烧五成熟，放人蒜，炒金黄色，再加瘦肉合炒，加入细盐，入汤煮熟，再加白菜心煮沸，放入味精即可食用。功效瘦肉有补中益气、生津润肠功效;大白菜性平，味甘，有清热解毒、化痰止咳、除烦通便等功效。瘦肉、白菜合食，适应于急慢性肺炎。\u003C/p>",8,{"id":102,"classification":98,"description":99,"sort":100,"diseaseId":12},60481,{"id":104,"classification":98,"description":99,"sort":100,"diseaseId":12},80657,[],true]