[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fqVj-saLpewsKBdGS_iq3QM4kfLwIOVKK6wtuwTw56bk":8,"$fUIjKNpAKezoThfdkadQzjQxH5kuEMX46auWmrg9_1Cs":57,"$fFqBOZvUGS4DPQUP9LHfqj8f7JEtmQ4iQ7MTsdmOiSUI":61},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":56},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":28,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":28,"createTime":29,"seoTitle":30,"seoKeywords":31,"seoDescription":32,"shelvesTime":33,"version":34,"menus":35,"menuId":37,"type":44,"quality":55,"commentCount":28,"isComment":44},9102,864283,[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/medical/ystApp/6TSnXYSJquSdrTRSj3RcQag6VObDrVRG.png","陆寒英","上海市黄浦区豫园街道社区卫生服务中心","全科医疗","副主任医师",5,4,"感冒高发季：警惕急性上呼吸道感染症状与应对策略","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/24945882-b89b-48ad-842e-99a1bffb2486.jpg","\u003Cdiv class=\"material-wrapper\">   \u003Ch1 class=\"material-title\" id=\"material_title\">感冒高发季，这些症状别硬扛！科学应对急性上呼吸道感染\u003C/h1>    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg-1\">     \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">01 急性上呼吸道感染：背后的“主谋”是谁？\u003C/h2>     \u003Cp>最近天气一变冷，身边不少朋友开始流鼻涕、嗓子痛。有的人总觉得，感冒就是“着凉”，其实不然。近80%的急性上呼吸道感染其实是病毒作祟，比如鼻病毒、冠状病毒、流感病毒等。细菌感染虽然也有，但比例小得多，只有一小部分人会碰到溶血性链球菌等细菌。\u003Cspan class=\"material-emoji\">🦠\u003C/span>\u003C/p>     \u003Cp>       简单来说，如果头疼、流鼻涕、嗓子不舒服，多半是病毒“中招”了。细菌引发的咽喉炎、扁桃体炎虽然危险，但并没那么常见。不管病因是什么，激烈的气候变化、环境污染等外部刺激，会让呼吸道容易中枪，这一点也别小看。     \u003C/p>     \u003Cul class=\"material-list\">       \u003Cli>病毒感染：鼻病毒、冠状病毒、流感病毒最常见\u003C/li>       \u003Cli>细菌感染：溶血性链球菌等比例较低\u003C/li>       \u003Cli>特殊诱因：季节变化、空气污染、免疫低下\u003C/li>     \u003C/ul>     \u003Cdiv class=\"material-tips\">       \u003Cspan class=\"material-tips-title\">小提示\u003C/span>：80%的感冒都是病毒引起的，所以大多数情况下不需要用抗生素。（参考文献：Heikkinen, T., & Järvinen, A. (2003). The common cold. \u003Ci>The Lancet\u003C/i>, 361(9351), 51-59.）     \u003C/div>   \u003C/div>    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg-2\">     \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">02 这些症状出现，别硬扛！\u003C/h2>     \u003Cp>       很多人初期遇到轻微咳嗽、偶尔打喷嚏时会选择“忍一忍就过去了”。但其实有些变化需要引起重视，尤其是下列表格里的明显信号：     \u003C/p>     \u003Ctable class=\"material-table\">       \u003Cthead>         \u003Ctr>           \u003Cth>症状类别\u003C/th>           \u003Cth>常见表现\u003C/th>         \u003C/tr>       \u003C/thead>       \u003Ctbody>         \u003Ctr>           \u003Ctd>轻微阶段\u003C/td>           \u003Ctd>偶有咽部不适、轻微鼻塞、单次喷嚏\u003C/td>         \u003C/tr>         \u003Ctr>           \u003Ctd>明显警示\u003C/td>           \u003Ctd>持续喉咙痛、鼻塞加重、反复低热（37.5-38°C）、咳嗽持续数日\u003C/td>         \u003C/tr>         \u003Ctr>           \u003Ctd>需就医信号\u003C/td>           \u003Ctd>高热不退（超过38.5°C超2天）、呼吸急促、咽痛明显无法进食、胸闷不适\u003C/td>         \u003C/tr>       \u003C/tbody>     \u003C/table>     \u003Cdiv class=\"material-tips\">       \u003Cspan class=\"material-tips-title\">别忽视\u003C/span>：如果出现高热不退或呼吸困难，及时到医院检查，不要等着“自愈”。     \u003C/div>     \u003Cp>       说起来，身边有位27岁的上班族朋友，刚开始只是觉得嗓子微痛，后来几天高烧不退，最后检查发现扁桃体化脓，差点引发并发症。这也提醒我们，别对身体的求救信号视而不见。     \u003C/p>   \u003C/div>    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg-3\">     \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">03 为什么有些人总是“中招”？\u003C/h2>     \u003Cp>       不是每个人遇到病毒都会感冒，有的人“中招”频繁，有的人却安然无恙。这背后的原因和免疫力、生活习惯关系很大。     \u003C/p>     \u003Col class=\"material-num-list\">       \u003Cli>         \u003Cspan class=\"material-highlight\">免疫力低下\u003C/span>：长期熬夜、缺乏锻炼，或者本身有慢性病的人更容易被感染。这类人群的身体“防线”稍弱，病毒或细菌更容易趁虚而入。       \u003C/li>       \u003Cli>         \u003Cspan class=\"material-highlight\">环境变化\u003C/span>：气温剧烈波动令人防不胜防。天热时开空调，冬季未及时添衣，都容易让呼吸道黏膜抵抗力下降。       \u003C/li>       \u003Cli>         \u003Cspan class=\"material-highlight\">传播途径广泛\u003C/span>：病毒通过飞沫、接触、空气三个主要方式传播。比如办公室密闭空间、公交车扶手等，都是“高危”。       \u003C/li>     \u003C/ol>     \u003Cp>       \u003Cspan class=\"material-emoji\">🧑‍⚕️\u003C/span>医学界认为：儿童、老人、孕妇和基础病患者是高风险群体，需要额外留心（参考文献：Monto, A.S. (2002). Epidemiology of viral respiratory infections. \u003Ci>Am J Med\u003C/i>, 112(Suppl 6A), 4S-12S.）。     \u003C/p>   \u003C/div>    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg-4\">     \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">04 去医院该查什么？检查项目全解读\u003C/h2>     \u003Cp>       相比“扛过去”，很多人一到医院就担心是不是要挨一堆检查。其实医生首要会通过症状询问和体检判断，只有有必要时才会进行下面这些检查：     \u003C/p>     \u003Ctable class=\"material-table\">       \u003Cthead>         \u003Ctr>           \u003Cth>检查项目\u003C/th>           \u003Cth>用途\u003C/th>           \u003Cth>什么时候需要？\u003C/th>         \u003C/tr>       \u003C/thead>       \u003Ctbody>         \u003Ctr>           \u003Ctd>血常规\u003C/td>           \u003Ctd>区分病毒或细菌感染，指导用药\u003C/td>           \u003Ctd>发热超过3天、症状反复\u003C/td>         \u003C/tr>         \u003Ctr>           \u003Ctd>咽拭子检测\u003C/td>           \u003Ctd>明确具体病原体\u003C/td>           \u003Ctd>症状持续或疑似流感、细菌感染\u003C/td>         \u003C/tr>         \u003Ctr>           \u003Ctd>胸部影像\u003C/td>           \u003Ctd>排查是否已波及肺部\u003C/td>           \u003Ctd>有胸闷、持续剧烈咳嗽\u003C/td>         \u003C/tr>       \u003C/tbody>     \u003C/table>     \u003Cdiv class=\"material-tips\">       \u003Cspan class=\"material-tips-title\">小结\u003C/span>：不是所有感冒都要做咽拭子或拍片，医生会根据症状判断是否需要，没必要过度担心检查。     \u003C/div>   \u003C/div>    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg-5\">     \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">05 怎么治得快又安全？这3招别错过\u003C/h2>     \u003Cp>       面对急性上呼吸道感染，很多人第一反应是找药吃，有的甚至直接用抗生素。事实是，大多数病毒性感冒遵循“对症治疗”原则：     \u003C/p>     \u003Cdiv class=\"material-flex-list\">       \u003Cdiv class=\"material-flex-item\">         \u003Cstrong>1. 适度休息\u003C/strong>         \u003Cul>           \u003Cli>疲劳时多卧床，给身体足够恢复的机会\u003C/li>           \u003Cli>不强行加班或运动\u003C/li>         \u003C/ul>       \u003C/div>       \u003Cdiv class=\"material-flex-item\">         \u003Cstrong>2. 酱醋盐水漱口\u003C/strong>         \u003Cul>           \u003Cli>温盐水或淡盐水漱口有助减轻咽痛\u003C/li>           \u003Cli>具体比例：一杯水+半勺盐，每天3-5次\u003C/li>         \u003C/ul>       \u003C/div>       \u003Cdiv class=\"material-flex-item\">         \u003Cstrong>3. 药物对症缓解\u003C/strong>         \u003Cul>           \u003Cli>用物如对乙酰氨基酚降温、喷鼻剂缓解鼻塞\u003C/li>           \u003Cli>药物用量坚持遵医嘱，切忌自行混用多种感冒药\u003C/li>         \u003C/ul>       \u003C/div>     \u003C/div>     \u003Cp>       \u003Cspan class=\"material-emoji\">💊\u003C/span>需要留心：抗生素只有在确证细菌感染时才使用，对病毒无效，滥用反而导致耐药。     \u003C/p>     \u003Cp>       如有持续高热、呼吸不畅等严重表现，建议及早回医院复诊。     \u003C/p>   \u003C/div>      \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg-6\">     \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">06 日常如何预防，最实用的5个细节\u003C/h2>     \u003Cdiv class=\"material-tips-list\">       \u003Cul>         \u003Cli>           \u003Cspan class=\"material-prevent-title\">规范洗手：\u003C/span>           \u003Cspan>流水+洗手液，每次20秒，尤其是在外回家、饭前便后。\u003C/span>         \u003C/li>         \u003Cli>           \u003Cspan class=\"material-prevent-title\">多开窗：\u003C/span>           \u003Cspan>每天三次、每次15-30分钟，自然通风比空气净化器更直接。\u003C/span>         \u003C/li>         \u003Cli>           \u003Cspan class=\"material-prevent-title\">少去人多密闭场所：\u003C/span>           \u003Cspan>避免长时间聚集，减少病毒传播机会。\u003C/span>         \u003C/li>         \u003Cli>           \u003Cspan class=\"material-prevent-title\">经常补充水果蔬菜：\u003C/span>           \u003Cspan>增强身体抵抗力有帮助。\u003C/span>         \u003C/li>         \u003Cli>           \u003Cspan class=\"material-prevent-title\">疫苗接种：\u003C/span>           \u003Cspan>如流感疫苗、肺炎疫苗，推荐老人、儿童、免疫力低下人群优先考虑。\u003C/span>         \u003C/li>       \u003C/ul>     \u003C/div>     \u003Cp>有研究发现，定期接种流感疫苗可有效降低重症风险。（参考文献：Osterholm, M.T. et al., (2012). Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis. \u003Ci>Lancet Infect Dis\u003C/i>, 12(1): 36-44.）\u003C/p>     \u003Cdiv class=\"material-tips\">       \u003Cspan class=\"material-tips-title\">Tips\u003C/span>：预防永远比治疗重要，别等“中招”了才后悔加强防护。     \u003C/div>   \u003C/div>    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg-7\">     \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">最后说两句\u003C/h2>     \u003Cp>       每到换季和气温骤降时，急性上呼吸道感染总是容易找上门。我们没法彻底“屏蔽”病毒，但通过简单的生活细节加以预防，已经很能帮忙减少发病机会。问题一旦出现，合理用药、关注自身症状、适时就医，才是真的科学。\u003Cbr>       其实身体的信号往往比想象中准确，别把小症状拖成大问题，这样健康才不会“溜号”。有疑虑的时候，不妨向专业医生多问一句，处理起来总能安心不少。     \u003C/p>     \u003Cp style=\"font-size:1.1em;color:#1a78ae;\">       参考文献：\u003Cbr>       Heikkinen, T., & Järvinen, A. (2003). The common cold. \u003Ci>The Lancet\u003C/i>, 361(9351), 51-59.\u003Cbr>       Monto, A.S. (2002). Epidemiology of viral respiratory infections. \u003Ci>Am J Med\u003C/i>, 112(Suppl 6A), 4S-12S.\u003Cbr>       Osterholm, M.T. et al. (2012). 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