[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$f0ngPaamLijs_9_nlF6bkzyNTg1yRv07GhN2OY-bDCyg":8,"$fN2vFHXogwA1gyLcDb7y1vQ3gVvBMfZ9KmAg8nJyQRM8":17,"$f03IQi0xesRZdxkTikIoSDkxK8QvRhK9bjrmXWOLARog":21},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":16},200,"操作成功",{"pageNo":12,"pageSize":13,"result":14,"totalSize":15},1,10,[],0,true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":18,"success":16},{"authors":19,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":20},[],[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":22,"success":16},{"id":23,"specialistId":24,"specialistAssistants":25,"profilePhoto":26,"specialistName":27,"hospital":28,"department":29,"postsTitle":30,"materialTotal":12,"videoTotal":15,"isConcern":7,"title":31,"coverVertical":32,"coverAcross":33,"content":34,"description":35,"views":36,"likes":15,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":15,"createTime":37,"seoTitle":31,"seoKeywords":38,"seoDescription":39,"shelvesTime":40,"version":41,"menus":42,"menuId":44,"type":12,"quality":61,"commentCount":15,"isComment":12},86047,1073836,[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/app/17279/2026-09-22/11fc41ef-4af2-4237-ab96-9d48361e4049.png","李宁","吉林大学中日联谊医院","呼吸内科","副主任医师","了解过敏性鼻炎：74岁男性患者的案例与实用指导","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/7f32cffa-ce87-4884-94c7-d126d06ee49a.jpg","\u003Cdiv class=\"material-main-container\">\n  \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"material-title\">\n    了解过敏性鼻炎：74岁男性患者的案例与实用指导\n  \u003C/h1>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg1\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">01 初见端倪：生活中不易察觉的小信号 🌱\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp>\n      说起来，很多老人家都觉得鼻子偶尔不通气、轻微打喷嚏算不上什么大问题。其实在平常生活里，这些细微的不适有时候正是在悄悄提示呼吸道的健康隐患。有的人一到换季就觉得鼻腔干痒，或者早晨醒来时轻微鼻塞，事后又恢复，以为只是\"上火\"或者年纪大了体质变差。\u003Cbr>\n      但这些小变化，特别是对于年纪较大的朋友来说，是常见却容易被忽略的早期信号。如果不在意，可能会让病情悄悄加重。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp>\n      大多数早期症状以轻微为主，比如偶尔清晨醒来时喷嚏两三下，鼻腔有点痒，有时甚至只是觉得呼吸没那么顺畅。表面上不严重，可时间一长，很容易影响到夜间的睡眠质量。\u003Cbr>\n      别总把这些当成“正常老化反应”就忽略掉。它们提醒大家，身体里的免疫系统可能正发生微妙的变化。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg2\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">02 明显的身体警示：哪些症状不能再拖？ ⚠️\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp>\n      身体的反应有时直接、明显：持续性鼻塞、频繁的喷嚏、鼻水不断，甚至还伴有喘息或轻微气短。\u003Cbr>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"material-quote\">有位74岁的男士，身高180cm，体重75kg。近期，他几乎每周都会出现几次以上的鼻塞和喷嚏，偶尔还喘不上气。平时他喜欢在家里陪宠物，阳台上也养了许多花，每到春秋鼻子最难受。\u003C/span>\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp>\n      这类常年反复发作的症状，已经不是小毛病，基本可以排除普通感冒可能。如果忽视不管，不仅夜里难眠，连白天的活动都开始受到限制；部分患者还会在剧烈运动时突然出现呼吸困难感觉。这些明显的警示信号，建议一出现就咨询专科医生。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg3\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">03 为什么会得过敏性鼻炎？——从原因讲起 🧬\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cul class=\"material-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>1. 免疫系统反应异常\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\n        过敏性鼻炎的本质，是免疫系统对周围一些本来无害的物质（比如花粉、宠物皮屑等）反应过度，导致鼻黏膜发炎。\u003Cbr>\n        随着年龄的增长，身体对变态反应的控制能力会减弱，老年人对过敏原的容忍度也缩小。这类反应其实常见于家有宠物或经常与花接触的人群。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>2. 遗传与家族倾向\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\n        医学界研究发现，有过敏家族史的人本身得过敏性鼻炎的概率要高一些（Arshad, S.H. \"Allergic Disorders in Children: The Role of Prenatal and Early Life Factors.\" Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2010）。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>3. 生活环境影响\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\n        室内空气不流通、尘螨滋生、吸烟环境以及现代居住方式，也都容易诱发和加重过敏性鼻炎（Bousquet, J. et al, \"Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma.\" Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2008）。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>4. 慢性基础疾病的叠加\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\n        对像74岁男性这样已经有慢性阻塞性肺病、支气管炎等呼吸系统疾病的老人，更容易因鼻炎导致气道更敏感。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp>\n      要留心，这些因素叠加下，不仅鼻子难受，整个呼吸道都“雪上加霜”，恢复起来往往更慢。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg4\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">04 诊断手段：医生是这样帮你把关的 🔬\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp>\n      当症状持续加重，单靠自我辨别已经不够精准。这种时候，最好选择呼吸内科或耳鼻喉科就诊。医生通常会推荐一些有针对性的检查：\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Col class=\"material-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>皮肤点刺试验\u003C/strong>：最直接了解你到底对什么物质过敏。\u003Cbr>\n        过程简单，安全性高。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>血清免疫球蛋白E（IgE）测定\u003C/strong>：查血看有没有超标，排查是否真的属于“过敏体质”。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>肺功能检测、呼出气一氧化氮\u003C/strong>：如果有喘息、咳嗽等下气道症状，这类检查能帮医生掌握病情的轻重（Pauwels, R.A., & Rabe, K.F. \"Burden and clinical features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).\" Lancet, 2004）。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>影像学检查（如肺动脉CTA）\u003C/strong>：排除其他结构性疾病，尤其是有基础呼吸道疾病的年长患者，需要检查看看是否有支气管异常、扩张、其他器质性异常等。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ol>\n    \u003Cp>\n      只要配合医生系统评估，八成能找到真正的诱因，也为之后合理治疗打好基础。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg5\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">05 风险在哪里？这些危害不容忽视 🩺\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp>\n      可能有不少人好奇：过敏性鼻炎除了让人不舒服，会不会有更大的健康风险？其实这病不只是折磨鼻子那么简单，长期反复发作还可能带来不少连锁麻烦。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul class=\"material-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>影响睡眠和生活质量\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\n        鼻塞让夜间睡觉断断续续，白天精神差。根据相关研究，有慢性鼻炎的人更容易出现失眠与精神萎靡（Bousquet, J. et al, 2008）。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>诱发下呼吸道问题\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\n        鼻炎患者同时发生哮喘、慢性支气管炎的概率更高，呼吸系统成了“一荣俱荣一损俱损”的整体。和案例中的男士相似，如果本身有支气管炎，鼻炎发作容易引起气道收窄、咳喘加重。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>加重基础病风险\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\n        年长人群或者有心肺病史的患者，反复打喷嚏、鼻塞让原有的慢性病管理更难。严重时甚至需要到急诊救治。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>影响心理状态\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\n        长时间的鼻部不适加上白天“打不起精神”，也会让人在社交和情绪上感到烦闷（Nguyen, D.T. et al, \"Quality of life in allergic rhinitis patients.\" Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, 2018）。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp>\n      别忽视这些风险，尽早管理能减少多重并发症。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg6\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">06 管理建议：怎么科学改善和防范？🍀\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Col class=\"material-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>拥抱新鲜空气，多通风\u003C/strong>：保持家庭通风，晴天时开窗通气，每天20-30分钟，总有益于减少空气里的过敏原。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>定时清洁家中环境\u003C/strong>：卧室、沙发和床单每周清洗；毛绒玩具清理；家具下常用吸尘器。这样能大大减少尘螨、 真菌等诱发物。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>过敏原检测与回避\u003C/strong>：了解自己对哪些东西过敏，比如宠物皮屑、花粉。如果过敏，坚持不让宠物进卧室，在花粉高发期减少外出或戴口罩。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>良好饮食助力调节免疫\u003C/strong>：建议多吃苹果、洋葱、猕猴桃这类新鲜蔬果，其内的黄酮类与维生素C有助于平衡免疫反应（Pekkanen, J. et al, \"Dietary antioxidants and respiratory health of children.\" The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1997）。晚餐适当多一点绿色蔬菜，既清淡又滋养呼吸道。\n        \u003Cbr>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"material-highlight\">举例：苹果 \u003Cspan class=\"material-emoji\">🍏\u003C/span>有助抗氧化、洋葱富含槲皮素、猕猴桃富含VC，都建议每周多吃几次，不但帮助呼吸，还对整体健康有益。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>规范用药，坚持随访\u003C/strong>：医生建议下使用抗过敏药，别随意停药。遇到症状反复或影响正常作息时，应及时复查，必要时调整治疗方案。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>增强身体锻炼\u003C/strong>：适度瑜伽和散步有助于提高身体抵抗力，不过如户外花粉高峰，建议室内活动为主。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>何时需要就医？\u003C/strong>：如果自我管理三天以上效果不佳，或症状影响睡眠、活动，特别是本身有慢阻肺、支气管炎病史，建议选择呼吸内科进一步评估。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ol>\n    \u003Cp>\n      简单来说，把家庭环境、饮食习惯和随访结合起来，日常症状管理会更轻松，生活质量也会提升不少。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg7\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">07 结语：科学管理，生活更自在 ☀️\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp>\n      过敏性鼻炎经常缠绵，但只要了解出现的小信号，及早配合医疗管理，饮食和环境防护做到位，大多数症状都可以有效缓解。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp>\n      即便像上文提到的那位74岁朋友一样已经有慢性病史，坚持规范用药、保持好心情、定期随访，日常生活依然能够自如。如果发现鼻部、气道反复发作情况，呼吸内科医生都会乐于提供帮助。小步慢走，逐步改善，是最靠谱的方法。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp>\n      健康路上，行动是最好的答案。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-ref\">\n    \u003Ch3 class=\"material-subtitle-ref\">引用文献\u003C/h3>\n    \u003Col class=\"material-list-ref\">\n      \u003Cli>Arshad, S.H. (2010). \u003Ci>Allergic Disorders in Children: The Role of Prenatal and Early Life Factors.\u003C/i> Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology.\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>Bousquet, J., Khaltaev, N., Cruz, A.A. et al. (2008). \u003Ci>Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 Update.\u003C/i> Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 122(4), S1-S84.\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>Pauwels, R.A., & Rabe, K.F. (2004). \u003Ci>Burden and clinical features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).\u003C/i> Lancet, 364(9434), 613-620.\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>Nguyen, D.T., Nguyen, T.L., Nguyen, H.Q. et al. (2018). \u003Ci>Quality of life in allergic rhinitis patients.\u003C/i> Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, 39(6), 448-452.\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>Pekkanen, J., Pearce, N., Timmons, R., Salonen, T., et al. (1997). \u003Ci>Dietary antioxidants and respiratory health of children.\u003C/i> The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 65(2), 366-370.\u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ol>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n.material-main-container {\n  font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'Arial', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\n  line-height: 1.8;\n  font-size: 18px;\n  color: #313132;\n  background: #f7f9fa;\n  padding: 40px 18px 60px 18px;\n  max-width: 880px;\n  margin: 0 auto;\n  border-radius: 18px;\n  box-shadow: 0 0 14px rgba(180, 195, 220, .11)\n}\n\n.material-title {\n  font-size: 2.5em;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  color: #27536b;\n  text-align: center;\n  margin-bottom: 40px;\n  border-bottom: 2px solid #dde4ea;\n  padding-bottom: 24px;\n  letter-spacing: 1px;\n}\n\n.material-section {\n  margin-bottom: 38px;\n  border-radius: 16px;\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 16px rgba(120,170,185,0.07);\n  padding: 32px 26px 28px 26px;\n  background-repeat: no-repeat;\n  background-size: 120px 120px;\n  background-position: 95% 8px;\n}\n\n.material-bg1 {\n  background: linear-gradient(110deg, #e9f7fb 75%, #fafffc 100%);\n}\n.material-bg2 {\n  background: linear-gradient(120deg, #f8edeb 70%, #f4f1ee 100%);\n}\n.material-bg3 {\n  background: linear-gradient(120deg, #f5f5ff 75%, #f6f9f6 100%);\n}\n.material-bg4 {\n  background: linear-gradient(120deg, #e7f4f8 80%, #f5f9fa 100%);\n}\n.material-bg5 {\n  background: linear-gradient(120deg, #fff7e6 65%, #fdf8f3 100%);\n}\n.material-bg6 {\n  background: linear-gradient(120deg, #ebf7e4 80%, #fcfdfa 100%);\n}\n.material-bg7 {\n  background: linear-gradient(120deg, #e7e4f7 65%, #f6f8f8 100%);\n}\n\n.material-subtitle {\n  font-size: 1.6em;\n  color: #3e648d;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  text-shadow: 0 1px 0 #fff;\n  margin-bottom: 18px;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n}\n\n.material-quote {\n  display: block;\n  background: #e3f1fb;\n  color: #1d4766;\n  padding: 14px 14px 12px 20px;\n  border-left: 4px solid #5faacd;\n  border-radius: 9px;\n  margin: 18px 0 12px 0;\n  font-size: 1rem;\n  font-style: italic;\n}\n\n.material-list {\n  padding-left: 20px;\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\n}\n.material-list li {\n  margin: 9px 0;\n  padding-left: 2px;\n  line-height: 1.75;\n}\n\n.material-highlight {\n  display: inline-block;\n  margin-top: 7px;\n  background: #fff5d1;\n  color: #765e18;\n  padding: 8px 13px 7px 13px;\n  border-radius: 7px;\n  font-size: 1em;\n}\n\n.material-emoji {\n  font-size: 1.15em;\n  margin: 0 4px;\n  vertical-align: middle;\n}\n\n.material-subtitle-ref {\n  font-size: 1.17em;\n  color: #31506a;\n  padding-top: 10px;\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\n}\n.material-list-ref {\n  font-size: 0.96em;\n  color: #646677;\n  margin-left: 25px;\n  padding-left: 0;\n}\n.material-list-ref li {\n  margin-bottom: 6px;\n}\n\u003C/style>","\u003Cdiv class=\"material-main-container\">\n  \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"material-title\">\n    了解过敏性鼻炎：",1185,"2026-09-24 10:33:53","过敏性鼻炎, 老年人, 鼻塞症状, 免疫系统, 生活质量, 预防方法, 常见症状, 医生建议","掌握过敏性鼻炎的早期信号和管理建议，特别为老年人群体提供科学预防和治疗方案，助力生活质量提升。","2026-09-24 13:40:00",2,[43],{"menuId":44,"menuName":45,"parentId":15,"orderNum":41,"path":46,"component":47,"isFrame":48,"isCache":49,"menuType":50,"visible":12,"status":15,"createDept":6,"remark":32,"createTime":51,"children":52,"columnImage":53,"columnLogo":54,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":12,"isHome":15,"forceLogin":15,"color":55,"seoTitle":56,"seoKeywords":57,"seoDescription":58,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":59,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":60,"routerPath":46,"componentInfo":47},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T","2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","过敏性疾病"]