[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fZtX4LPQ6IeDNJIUuFaxmEznYwPnCEt0v1lHHf_i0DEU":8,"$fG_aihsiXSf-udYrXSFUHenabH_LhjgH-rpKpPkFTdRM":15,"$fVXoZosowKGC09BW6eXbv0Fg8qOnkfAtwBpz9L5g0CsQ":21},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":14},200,"操作成功",{"authors":12,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":13},[],[],true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":16,"success":14},{"pageNo":17,"pageSize":18,"result":19,"totalSize":20},1,10,[],0,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":22,"success":14},{"id":23,"specialistId":24,"specialistAssistants":25,"profilePhoto":26,"specialistName":27,"hospital":28,"department":29,"postsTitle":30,"materialTotal":31,"videoTotal":20,"isConcern":7,"title":32,"coverVertical":33,"coverAcross":34,"content":35,"description":36,"views":37,"likes":20,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":20,"createTime":38,"seoTitle":32,"seoKeywords":39,"seoDescription":40,"shelvesTime":41,"version":42,"menus":43,"menuId":45,"type":17,"quality":62,"commentCount":20,"isComment":17},85074,944747,[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/app/47090/2026-06-17/ff1ee3db-1869-4cf4-8161-6e2c93a1ea80.png","余平波","上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心","中医科","主治医师",21,"发声和多种运动联合抽动障碍：家庭的贴心健康指南","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/9ab4358b-3d28-4760-b9c2-9cc6e8452f56.jpg","\u003Cdiv id=\"material_title\" class=\"tics-title\">发声和多种运动联合抽动障碍：家庭的贴心健康指南\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"tics-section tics-bg-01\">\n  \u003Ch2 class=\"tics-h2\">01 其实，很多家长遇到的“奇怪小动作”\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-text\">\n    \u003Cspan class=\"tics-emoji\">👀\u003C/span> 清早送孩子上学时，发现他频繁眨眼、皱鼻子？有时疑似拍了下同桌或突然发出怪声？其实，这些不是孩子的“坏毛病”，而是发声和多种运动联合抽动障碍（Tourette综合征）的一些表现。很多时候，抽动刚开始是轻微的，比如偶尔眨眼或耸鼻，很难引起注意。但随着时间推移，动作慢慢变得持续起来，甚至干扰课堂表现和人际关系。\n  \u003C/div>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-text\">\n    这些“小动作”虽看似无害，却可能给孩子心理和生活带来挑战。常被老师误认为调皮捣蛋，有时也让家长觉得无从下手。及时关注这些异常的举动，对后续健康管理有很大帮助。别忽视它们，背后可能隐藏着神经系统的“小风暴”。\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"tics-section tics-bg-02\">\n  \u003Ch2 class=\"tics-h2\">02 哪些症状值得带孩子就医？\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-text\">\n    \u003Cspan class=\"tics-emoji\">❗\u003C/span> 有三类表现尤其需要家长警惕：\n    \u003Col class=\"tics-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cb>动作越来越明显\u003C/b>：从偶尔眨眼、耸鼻发展为持续扭动脖子、耸肩等，动作频率高到影响学习和生活。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cb>反复发声\u003C/b>：包括不自觉清嗓子、咳嗽、发怪声等，甚至会说出一些没有意义的话或重复他人说的话。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cb>情绪变化\u003C/b>：比如变得脾气急躁、容易出汗、出现自卑或回避社交。有的孩子因同学异样眼光变得不愿去学校。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ol>\n    从一个6岁男孩的例子说起：近段时间他总是不自觉地眨眼和耸鼻，晚上虽然能安然入睡，但白天容易发脾气，运动量也没有变化。家长最初以为“小动作”会自己好，后发现这些动作变得更频繁，于是来到中医科寻求帮助。\n  \u003C/div>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-text\">\n    \u003Cspan class=\"tics-emoji\">⚠️\u003C/span> 只要发现上述症状持续存在、频率增多或影响日常生活，最好找专科医生评估一下。越早识别，越能帮助孩子顺利应对。\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"tics-section tics-bg-03\">\n  \u003Ch2 class=\"tics-h2\">03 为什么会得这种病？\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-text\">\n    \u003Cspan class=\"tics-emoji\">🧩\u003C/span> 说起来，发声和多种运动联合抽动障碍的原因不止一个。既有身体自身的“天生”因素，也有生活环境的影响。\n    \u003Cul class=\"tics-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cb>遗传\u003C/b>：医学界相信，这种情况与家族里的基因有关。如果家族中有人有类似症状，发生几率就更高。但并不是一定会遗传，只是风险会增加。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cb>神经递质失衡\u003C/b>：大脑调节运动的神经递质（如多巴胺、5-羟色胺等）处于异常状态，可能导致控制动作和声音的能力下降，出现反复抽动。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cb>环境压力\u003C/b>：如学业压力、家庭变故等，都有可能触发或加重相关症状。有些孩子在考试季、家庭活动紧张时症状加重，就是环境影响的表现。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cb>感染等外部刺激\u003C/b>：极少数情况下，某些感染（如链球菌感染）和免疫异常也可能成为诱因。这种情况并不常见，但在部分重症患者中确实存在。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cspan class=\"tics-emoji\">🔬\u003C/span> 研究认为，这不是由单一原因导致的疾病，而是多方面因素作用的结果（Robertson, M. M. et al., 2017, Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences）。\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"tics-section tics-bg-04\">\n  \u003Ch2 class=\"tics-h2\">04 如何科学确诊？\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-text\">\n    \u003Cspan class=\"tics-emoji\">🔍\u003C/span> 诊断发声和多种运动联合抽动障碍主要靠医生的详细问诊和观察孩子行为表现：\n    \u003Cul class=\"tics-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cb>详问病史\u003C/b>：医生会询问症状持续的时间、出现的频率、是否有情绪或家庭变化等。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cb>体格检查\u003C/b>：确认没有其它神经、心理问题导致相似表现，比如癫痫或其他运动障碍。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cb>辅助检查\u003C/b>：如磁共振、脑电图等，通常只在有怀疑其它合并疾病或症状特别异常时使用。在常规情况下，单靠行为观察就能完成诊断。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    需要留意的是，这些检查不是每个患者都必须做，通常是为了排除其他病因。\n  \u003C/div>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-text\">\n    \u003Cspan class=\"tics-emoji\">📋\u003C/span> 医学界有严格的诊断标准（ICD-11、DSM-5），明确要求症状必须包括多种运动抽动及至少一种发声抽动，并且持续时间超过一年。\n    \u003Cbr>\n    资料来源：American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.).\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"tics-section tics-bg-05\">\n  \u003Ch2 class=\"tics-h2\">05 各类治疗方法及期待什么效果？\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-text\">\n    \u003Cspan class=\"tics-emoji\">💊\u003C/span> 管理发声和多种运动联合抽动障碍，核心是降低抽动的频率和影响，帮助孩子正常学习和生活。\n    \u003Cul class=\"tics-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cb>中药调理\u003C/b>：在中医专病门诊，医生开具如天麻、钩藤等中药，调和肝风、安神定志。传统经验认为，这类中药组合有助于“平肝息风”，缓解急躁和抽动的表现。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cb>心理干预\u003C/b>：行为治疗（如CBIT，即习惯反转训练）可以帮助孩子增强对症状的控制力，减轻由症状带来的社交焦虑。英国NICE指南推荐CBIT作为一线干预手段（NICE, 2022）。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cb>药物治疗\u003C/b>：在中重度情况下，医生可能选择多巴胺受体拮抗剂等西药，来抑制异常的神经过程。药物会根据症状严重程度和生活影响来选择。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cb>生活调适\u003C/b>：规律睡眠、适当运动、减轻心理压力，对症状控制也有明显益处。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    治疗不是一蹴而就，家长需有耐心陪伴。部分孩子症状在青春期后会逐渐缓解，但也有人持续存在，需长期随访。\n  \u003C/div>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-text\">\n    \u003Cspan class=\"tics-emoji\">⏱️\u003C/span> 判断治疗是否有效，一般以“日常影响减少”为目标。比如再也不像过去那么干扰课堂、家人和朋友的交往等。如果一周左右中药无明显效果，医生会根据情况微调方剂。\n  \u003C/div>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-quote tics-quote-01\">\n    \u003Cb>小贴士\u003C/b>：频繁换方或自行停药，会影响效果，切不可心急。\n  \u003C/div>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-quote tics-quote-02\">\n    \u003Cb>文献支持\u003C/b>：Pringsheim, T., et al. (2019). Treatment recommendations for tics in Tourette syndrome. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 64(1), 14-22.\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"tics-section tics-bg-06\">\n  \u003Ch2 class=\"tics-h2\">06 日常饮食、起居与心理支持怎么做？\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-text\">\n    \u003Cspan class=\"tics-emoji\">🥦\u003C/span> 对于孩子和家长来说，合理生活方式比药物同样重要。可以这样做：\n    \u003Cul class=\"tics-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"tics-strong\">深色叶菜\u003C/span> \u003Cspan class=\"tics-point\">+ 富含镁，助于神经放松\u003C/span> \u003Cspan class=\"tics-point\">+ 每天一两把炒菠菜、油麦菜，搭配主食一起吃。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"tics-strong\">瘦肉蛋白\u003C/span> \u003Cspan class=\"tics-point\">+ 促进脑部神经递质代谢\u003C/span> \u003Cspan class=\"tics-point\">+ 每日适量鸡肉、牛肉或豆腐，主餐不可或缺。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"tics-strong\">全谷物类\u003C/span> \u003Cspan class=\"tics-point\">+ 稳定血糖，改善情绪\u003C/span> \u003Cspan class=\"tics-point\">+ 早餐可以用燕麦、小米粥代替油条或白米饭。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cspan class=\"tics-emoji\">🧘‍♂️\u003C/span>\n    \u003Cul class=\"tics-list\">\n      \u003Cli>作息规律：晚上9点半前让孩子准备睡觉。睡眠充足时，症状一般减轻些。\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>适当社交：不必刻意限制孩子的户外活动，相反，适度参加集体游戏，对情绪有好处。\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>家校沟通：如发现症状，有必要向老师说明是病理性抽动，避免误解和批评。\u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    心理支持很关键。如果孩子因症状自卑，可以陪他找心理咨询师聊聊，缓解压力更能帮助症状改善。\u003Cbr>\n    \u003Cspan class=\"tics-emoji\">📚\u003C/span> \n    研究显示：规律运动和积极的心理疏导能显著改善部分患者的生活质量（Leckman, J. F. & Bloch, M. H., 2014, The Lancet）。\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"tics-section tics-bg-07\">\n  \u003Ch2 class=\"tics-h2\">结语：一起支持孩子健康成长\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-text\">\n    从孩子一个普通的眨眼小动作，到整个家庭的陪护和调整，这一路或许不轻松。但发声和多种运动联合抽动障碍并非“不可战胜”。关注孩子，及时就医，科学用药，合理饮食和温暖陪伴，都是通往健康的桥梁。在生活的点滴中去呵护，而不是一味焦虑或“等他长大就好”。\n  \u003C/div>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-text\">\n    如果觉得还不放心，建议每3-6个月回中医门诊让医生评估一次情况。最后，如果遇到孩子突然发作或社交障碍加重，第一时间联系医疗团队。只有行动，才能带来希望。\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"tics-section tics-bg-08\">\n  \u003Ch2 class=\"tics-h3\">引用资料\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cul class=\"tics-list\">\n    \u003Cli>Robertson, M. M., Eapen, V., & Cavanna, A. E. (2017). The international prevalence, epidemiology, and clinical phenomenology of Tourette syndrome: A cross-cultural perspective. \u003Ci>Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 29\u003C/i>(2), 120-126.\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>American Psychiatric Association. (2013). \u003Ci>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\u003C/i> (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>Pringsheim, T., Okun, M. S., & Müller‐Vahl, K. (2019). Treatment recommendations for tics in Tourette syndrome. \u003Ci>Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 64\u003C/i>(1), 14-22.\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>Leckman, J. F., & Bloch, M. H. (2014). Clinical course of Tourette syndrome. \u003Ci>The Lancet, 383\u003C/i>(9924), 1184-1195.\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>NICE. (2022). Tourette's syndrome: diagnosis and management. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng228\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng228\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\n  \u003C/ul>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n.tics-title {\n  font-size: 2.6rem;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  color: #3c4858;\n  padding-top: 24px;\n  padding-bottom: 26px;\n  margin-bottom: 18px;\n  letter-spacing: 1px;\n  position: relative;\n  text-align: center;\n  border-bottom: 3px solid #d3e3e8;\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg,#e6f5fa 10%, #f6fafc 90%);\n}\n.tics-section {\n  padding: 30px 18px 24px 18px;\n  margin-top: 18px;\n  margin-bottom: 18px;\n  border-radius: 15px;\n  box-shadow: 0px 4px 20px #e5eff0;\n  font-size: 1.16em;\n  max-width: 720px;\n  margin-left: auto;\n  margin-right: auto;\n  line-height: 1.9;\n  background-color: #fff;\n  box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n.tics-bg-01 { background: linear-gradient(120deg,#f1fafd 75%,#f9f6fa 100%);}\n.tics-bg-02 { background: linear-gradient(130deg,#fdfcfb 80%, #fce8ef 100%);}\n.tics-bg-03 { background: linear-gradient(140deg,#f7fafd 68%, #e1ecf2 100%);}\n.tics-bg-04 { background: linear-gradient(120deg,#fafbf3 60%, #edf3fc 100%);}\n.tics-bg-05 { background: linear-gradient(120deg,#f6fcf9 70%,#eaeff2 100%);}\n.tics-bg-06 { background: linear-gradient(120deg,#faeefc 90%,#fcfaf0 100%);}\n.tics-bg-07 { background: linear-gradient(110deg,#f8faf8 80%,#e7ecee 100%);}\n.tics-bg-08 { background: linear-gradient(120deg,#f7fafd 70%,#e5ecfc 100%); margin-top: 30px;}\n.tics-h2, .tics-h3 {\n  font-weight: 700;\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\n  color: #2d6374;\n  font-family: 'Microsoft Yahei','PingFang SC',Arial,sans-serif;\n}\n.tics-h2 { font-size: 1.5rem; }\n.tics-h3 { font-size: 1.22rem; color: #256c7b;}\n.tics-text {\n  margin-bottom: 14px;\n  font-size:1em;\n  color: #354352;\n}\n.tics-list {\n  margin: 7px 0 7px 18px;\n  padding:0 0 0 10px;\n}\n.tics-list li {\n  margin-bottom: 8px;\n  line-height: 1.7;\n  position: relative;\n}\n.tics-emoji {\n  font-size: 1.28em;\n  vertical-align: bottom;\n  margin-right: 6px;\n}\n.tics-strong {\n  font-weight: 600; color:#2590af; margin-right:8px;\n}\n.tics-point {\n  color: #6b809c; font-size: 0.99em; margin-right: 10px;\n}\n.tics-quote {\n  background: #f6f8f9;\n  border-left: 5px solid #84c8dc;\n  border-radius: 7px;\n  padding: 13px 17px;\n  font-size: 1em;\n  color: #276677;\n  margin: 14px 0;\n}\n.tics-quote-01 {\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f1fafd 10%, #ecf6fc 100%);\n  border-left-color: #b3e3ea;\n}\n.tics-quote-02 {\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f7f8fa 20%, #e9edfa 100%);\n  border-left-color: #9fd2f4;\n}\n@media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {\n  .tics-title { font-size: 1.4rem;}\n  .tics-section { padding: 20px 6px;}\n  .tics-h2 { font-size: 1.12rem; }\n}\n\u003C/style>","\u003Cdiv id=\"material_title\" class=\"tics-title\">发声和多种运动联合抽动障碍：家庭的贴心健康指南\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"tics-section ",1024,"2026-09-02 11:07:48","发声和多种运动联合抽动障碍, Tourette综合征, 抽动症, 儿童心理健康, 中医治疗","了解发声和多种运动联合抽动障碍，及时识别症状，科学管理，帮助孩子健康成长。专业指导，实用建议，助家长轻松应对。","2026-09-27 22:04:00",2,[44],{"menuId":45,"menuName":46,"parentId":20,"orderNum":42,"path":47,"component":48,"isFrame":49,"isCache":50,"menuType":51,"visible":17,"status":20,"createDept":6,"remark":33,"createTime":52,"children":53,"columnImage":54,"columnLogo":55,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":17,"isHome":20,"forceLogin":20,"color":56,"seoTitle":57,"seoKeywords":58,"seoDescription":59,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":60,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":61,"routerPath":47,"componentInfo":48},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T","2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","儿童疾病"]