[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fm9vXf4aVjNJTSmvXDpRMVjVvE86YFvnXCTRNEjffCMk":8,"$fhTX5_smnyO8aMbk4PARconLOhqm2G140hXSl9FYeMZk":54,"$fHiQaegTgh_a2wkMlSYko5oiPsHna2KRz2xhM3LVV6rA":58},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":53},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":21,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":21,"createTime":28,"seoTitle":22,"seoKeywords":29,"seoDescription":30,"shelvesTime":31,"version":20,"menus":32,"menuId":34,"type":41,"quality":52,"commentCount":21,"isComment":41},84963,1066199,[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/app/47989/2026-07-05/b5172e7d-a436-414c-a679-7bce959271fc.png","刘月影","江南大学附属医院","儿科","主任医师",2,0,"了解抽动障碍：孩童不再独自承受的秘密","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/8651252d-1f58-4435-a5e6-b1b5b1193eaf.jpg","\u003Cdiv class=\"material-wrapper\">\n  \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"material-title\">了解抽动障碍：孩童不再独自承受的秘密\u003C/h1>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-section-bg1\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">01 孩子的“小动作”到底是什么？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        家里十岁的女儿最近一段时间，总喜欢不自觉地挤眼、清嗓子，还时常发出一些奇怪的声音。大人一开始总以为是调皮，或者习惯性的小毛病，没想到这些动作已经持续两年了。其实，这些“不受控的小动作”，就是我们今天要聊的\u003Cstrong>抽动障碍\u003C/strong>。\u003Cbr>\n        抽动障碍是一种神经系统疾病。简单来说，孩子的大脑有时会像“闹点小脾气”，发出一些莫名其妙的“指令”，让他们做出重复性的小动作或者发声。👀😮\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        除了影响自己的情绪，抽动严重时，有的孩子在课堂上难以静坐，运动时容易分心，甚至在与同龄人交流时被误会或嘲笑。对于家长来说，这些问题远比简单的坏习惯要复杂，因此了解它，是帮助孩子迎接健康成长的第一步。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-section-bg2\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">02 如何分辨普通小动作和抽动障碍？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        很多小朋友偶尔会做些小动作，比如喝水时清个嗓子，或在紧张时耸肩，这些都不一定是疾病表现。那么，家长应该如何分辨哪些属于正常情况，哪些需要就医？\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cul class=\"material-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cspan class=\"list-bullet\">➤\u003C/span>\u003Cstrong>频率和持续时间：\u003C/strong>如果孩子的挤眼、发声或动作出现得很频繁，持续时间超过一年，说明问题可能比较严重。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cspan class=\"list-bullet\">➤\u003C/span>\u003Cstrong>症状变化：\u003C/strong>一些孩子发现自己在紧张、焦虑时症状会加重，放松后好转，睡觉后消失。这样的规律性反复，不像普通的小动作。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cspan class=\"list-bullet\">➤\u003C/span>\u003Cstrong>影响生活：\u003C/strong>如果这些小动作影响到学习、休息或与同学相处，需要警惕。\u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"material-case\">\n        \u003Cstrong>病例示例：\u003C/strong>一位10岁的女孩，2年前开始经常挤眼、发声，症状紧张时明显，休息后减轻，晚上睡觉时消失。治疗后症状反复，最近调整方案后暂时好转。\n      \u003C/div>\n      \u003Cp>\n        别忽视突然出现并持续存在的“特殊习惯”；如果觉得分辨困难，不妨带孩子到专业的儿童神经科看看，让医生做进一步判断。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-section-bg3\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">03 抽动障碍的成因：为什么会出现这样的症状？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        很多家长都会纠结：“我的孩子为什么会得这个病？”说起来，抽动障碍的成因并不简单，常是多方面因素共同“捣乱”，不是单纯的管教方式或者饮食引起的。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cul class=\"material-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>大脑神经递质失衡：\u003C/strong>如多巴胺等神经递质的不平衡，是目前公认的核心机制。大脑像个指挥中心，信息传递一乱，身体就会莫名其妙地动起来。\u003Cbr>\n        \u003Cem>（资料来源：Sherman, M., & Wexler, B. E. (2010). “Neural mechanisms of tic expression in Tourette syndrome.” Journal of Neuropsychiatry, 22(1), 10–16.）\u003C/em>\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>遗传因素：\u003C/strong>很多临床研究发现，家族中如果有抽动障碍、注意缺陷等问题（比如父母、兄弟姊妹），孩子得抽动障碍的概率会更高。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>环境与应激：\u003C/strong>压力大、家庭环境紧张或者经历重大生活事件时，症状更容易出现或加重。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>感染与免疫：\u003C/strong>少部分孩子的抽动，和链球菌感染后身体免疫反应异常有关。\u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        实际上，10岁女孩的抽动症状也是在紧张或压力大时更加突出，这正好印证了“环境”在发病中的作用。一些科学调查还指出，大部分儿童抽动障碍在7-12岁之间开始，男孩更常见，但女孩同样需要关注。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        \u003Cem>（参考文献：Robertson, M. M. (2015). “A personal 35 year perspective on Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: Assessment, investigations, and management.” The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(1), 88-104.）\u003C/em>\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-section-bg4\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">04 抽动障碍的诊断流程\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        很多家长最关心：“到底要做哪些检查，医生才能下定论？”关于抽动障碍，不是简单的“一下诊断”，而需要结合临床表现和一系列基础检查来确定。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cul class=\"material-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cspan class=\"list-bullet\">📝\u003C/span>\u003Cstrong>病史询问：\u003C/strong>详细了解开始的时间、动作（或发声）表现、频率、变化规律，以及家族中有无类似症状。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cspan class=\"list-bullet\">💡\u003C/span>\u003Cstrong>体格和神经系统检查：\u003C/strong>医生会通过观察、测试孩子的动作和发音，区分是抽动障碍还是其他疾病（比如癫痫）。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cspan class=\"list-bullet\">🩺\u003C/span>\u003Cstrong>相关辅助检查：\u003C/strong>包括血常规、生化、甲状腺功能、铁代谢、维生素D、感染指标等，目的是排查其他基础疾病。\u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        比如那位10岁女孩，在互联网医院就诊时，安排了完整的血液和生化等检查，排除了甲状腺问题和铁缺乏等常见基础异常。\u003Cbr>\n        诊断主要靠症状的具体表现和持续时间，而不是依赖某项单一的化验或影像结果。如果家长觉得孩子的抽动影响明显，最好的做法是带他接受正规的专业评估。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        \u003Cem>（参考资料：Scahill, L., et al. (2011). “Current concepts in the management of tic disorders.” Pediatrics, 127(2), 300–310.）\u003C/em>\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-section-bg5\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">05 治疗方法都有哪些？治疗效果怎么样？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        治疗抽动障碍，是个循序渐进的过程。不是一吃药马上就有效，而是要根据严重程度和对生活的影响，科学选择方法。🔄\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cul class=\"material-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>行为治疗：\u003C/strong>针对症状较轻或者对生活影响不大的孩子，首选心理和行为干预，比如“习惯反向训练”，帮助孩子逐步掌控症状。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>药物治疗：\u003C/strong>如果症状较重，影响学习、生活或情绪，经过评估后，医生会联合药物治疗。用药一定要遵循医生指导，切勿尝试自行停药——有些孩子停药后症状很容易反复。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>综合干预：\u003C/strong>没有单一“神药”。管理压力、创造安全宽松的家庭氛围、让孩子适度运动，同样对改善症状有实际帮助。\u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        临床数据显示，大约一半的儿童抽动障碍能随着年龄增长自然改善，也有一部分需要长期关注。\u003Cbr>\n        \u003Cem>（参考数据：Freeman, R. D., et al. (2000). “Predictors, course, and outcome of Tourette syndrome.” Journal of Child Neurology, 15(4), 241–249.）\u003C/em>\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        说到治疗，其实正如前述那位女孩儿，每次停药后容易复发，说明治疗需要长期坚持和随访，切忌急于见效或随意终止。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-section-bg6\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">06 实用建议：家庭如何帮助孩子管理抽动障碍？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        管理抽动障碍，其实家庭的日常支持特别关键。以下这些具体做法，有助于孩子症状缓和，也能提升他们的生活质量。🌱\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cul class=\"material-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>均衡膳食\u003C/strong>：\u003Cbr>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"emoji\">🥦\u003C/span>食物建议：\u003Cstrong>深绿色蔬菜\u003C/strong>有助于提供维生素和矿物质，可增强免疫力；\u003Cbr>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"emoji\">🍚\u003C/span>食物建议：\u003Cstrong>全谷物主食\u003C/strong>能稳定血糖，减少神经系统波动；\u003Cbr>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"emoji\">🐟\u003C/span>食物建议：\u003Cstrong>富含欧米伽-3的鱼类\u003C/strong>如三文鱼，对神经系统益处突出，建议每周食用2-3次。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>规律作息\u003C/strong>：保证充足的睡眠，固定的起居时间可减少神经系统波动。\u003Cbr>\n          比如假期睡前半小时，提前减少灯光与屏幕，让大脑慢进入放松状态。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>适度有氧运动\u003C/strong>：日常可以尝试慢跑、骑自行车、跳绳等，每周3-5次，每次30分钟左右，运动可以减轻压力和焦虑。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>降低家庭压力\u003C/strong>：多给孩子积极引导和鼓励，减少过度关注他们的小动作和声音，不要因为症状批评孩子，避免“做啥都被注意”的紧张氛围。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>正面情绪引导\u003C/strong>：和孩子坦诚聊自己的感受，让孩子明白抽动不是“故意的”，家人都理解并支持他们。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>定期复查\u003C/strong>：每季度到专业门诊随访，监测症状变化，有需要及时调整治疗方案。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        \u003Cem>（预防饮食建议参考：Richardson, A. J., & Montgomery, P. (2005). “The Oxford‐Durham study: A randomized, controlled trial of dietary supplementation … in children with developmental coordination disorder.” Pediatrics, 115(5), 1360-1366.）\u003C/em>\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-section-conclude\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">结语 · 一起正视，一起成长\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        抽动障碍虽然听起来有些陌生，但其实不少孩子会经历类似的阶段。不要因此自责或焦虑，多从科学角度理解和包容。\u003Cbr>\n        家庭的关怀、规范的医疗和日常合理安排，往比单纯用药更能带来长远改善。\u003Cbr>\n        关注孩子内心的力量，提供适合他们的成长空间，也许就是最有效的护理方式。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        如果觉得困惑，不妨和专业医生聊，一起寻找最合适的方法。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-section-ref\">\n    \u003Ch3 class=\"material-subtitle\">参考文献\u003C/h3>\n    \u003Cul class=\"material-ref-list\">\n      \u003Cli>Sherman, M., & Wexler, B. E. (2010). Neural mechanisms of tic expression in Tourette syndrome. \u003Ci>Journal of Neuropsychiatry\u003C/i>, 22(1), 10–16.\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>Robertson, M. M. (2015). A personal 35 year perspective on Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: Assessment, investigations, and management. \u003Ci>The Lancet Psychiatry\u003C/i>, 2(1), 88-104.\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>Scahill, L., et al. (2011). Current concepts in the management of tic disorders. \u003Ci>Pediatrics\u003C/i>, 127(2), 300–310.\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>Freeman, R. D., et al. (2000). Predictors, course, and outcome of Tourette syndrome. \u003Ci>Journal of Child Neurology\u003C/i>, 15(4), 241–249.\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>Richardson, A. J., & Montgomery, P. (2005). The Oxford‐Durham study: A randomized, controlled trial of dietary supplementation with fatty acids in children with developmental coordination disorder. \u003Ci>Pediatrics\u003C/i>, 115(5), 1360-1366.\u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n.material-wrapper {\n  max-width: 800px;\n  margin: 40px auto 40px auto;\n  background: #fafbfb;\n  border-radius: 24px;\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 18px rgba(26,54,74,0.13), 0 1.5px 12px rgba(150,150,180,0.04);\n  padding: 30px 40px 36px 40px;\n  font-family: \"Microsoft YaHei\", \"PingFang SC\", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n  color: #253542;\n  position: relative;\n  overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n.material-title {\n  font-size: 2.0em;\n  color: #244975;\n  text-align: center;\n  margin-bottom: 35px;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  letter-spacing: 1.2px;\n}\n\n.material-subtitle {\n  font-size: 1.36em;\n  color: #385A9C;\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\n  margin-top: 0;\n  padding-top: 6px;\n  padding-bottom: 9px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n}\n\n.material-section {\n  padding: 32px 18px 22px 18px;\n  border-radius: 18px;\n  margin-bottom: 32px;\n  background-color: #f1f6fa;\n  box-shadow: 0 0.5px 4px rgba(46,77,117,0.03);\n  position: relative;\n}\n\n.material-content {\n  font-size: 1.05em;\n  line-height: 2.12;\n  color: #2d3b48;\n}\n\n.material-section-bg1 {\n  background: linear-gradient(92deg, #e1eafe 0%, #f6fafe 90%);\n  border-left: 5px solid #b3cfe6;\n}\n.material-section-bg2 {\n  background: linear-gradient(100deg, #fbeeed 0%, #ecf8fb 100%);\n  border-left: 5px solid #f2b3b3;\n}\n.material-section-bg3 {\n  background: linear-gradient(100deg, #f4fceb 0%, #ebf8f9 100%);\n  border-left: 5px solid #c7e8a1;\n}\n.material-section-bg4 {\n  background: linear-gradient(60deg, #e9f1fa 10%, #fffde7 80%);\n  border-left: 5px solid #b3d9eb;\n}\n.material-section-bg5 {\n  background: linear-gradient(75deg, #faeeea 10%, #fff6f6 80%);\n  border-left: 5px solid #f7c3b2;\n}\n.material-section-bg6 {\n  background: linear-gradient(100deg, #eeedf9 0%, #e9faf0 100%);\n  border-left: 5px solid #cbc6ed;\n}\n.material-section-conclude {\n  background: linear-gradient(100deg, #ebfaf3 0%, #fbeff6 100%);\n  border-left: 5px solid #d1e4d1;\n  margin-bottom: 27px;\n}\n.material-section-ref {\n  background: #eef2f7;\n  border-left: 3.5px solid #97bcd4;\n  padding: 14px 18px 6px 19px;\n  border-radius: 13px;\n  color: #5d5e5f;\n}\n.material-case {\n  background: #fffdf6;\n  border-left: 7px solid #ffe087;\n  padding: 14px 18px 13px 19px;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  margin: 19px 0 18px 0;\n  font-size: 1.0em;\n  color: #856312;\n  line-height: 1.8;\n}\n.material-list {\n  margin: 13px 0 10px 5px;\n  padding-left: 0.7em;\n  list-style: none;\n}\n.material-list li {\n  padding: 6px 0 4px 0;\n  font-size: 1.04em;\n  color: #36475c;\n  position: relative;\n}\n.list-bullet {\n  font-size: 1.0em;\n  margin-right: 7px;\n  color: #8ca4c4;\n}\n.emoji {\n  font-size: 1.2em;\n  vertical-align: middle;\n  margin-right: 4px;\n}\n.material-ref-list {\n  margin: 10px 0 0px 18px;\n  padding-left: 12px;\n  font-size: 0.96em;\n  color: #607392;\n}\n/* 适配移动端 */\n@media (max-width: 599px) {\n  .material-wrapper {\n    padding: 13px 2.2% 16px 2.2%;\n    max-width: 100%;\n    box-shadow: 0 1px 7px rgba(20,27,48,0.06);\n  }\n  .material-title {\n    font-size: 1.18em;\n    margin-bottom: 15px;\n  }\n  .material-subtitle {\n    font-size: 1.04em;\n    padding-bottom: 6px;\n    margin-bottom: 7px;\n  }\n  .material-section {\n    padding: 12px 2.2% 11px 2.2%;\n    margin-bottom: 21px;\n  }\n  .material-section-ref {\n    padding: 11px 2.2% 6px 2.2%;\n    border-left-width: 2px;\n    border-radius: 8px;\n  }\n  .material-case {\n    padding: 11px 14px 11px 13px;\n    border-radius: 6px;\n  }\n  .material-ref-list {\n    padding-left: 4px;\n    font-size: 0.90em;\n  }\n}\n\u003C/style>","\u003Cdiv class=\"material-wrapper\">\n  \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"material-title\">了解抽动障碍：孩童不再独自承受的秘密\u003C/",1397,"2026-08-31 09:55:48","抽动障碍, 儿童症状, 诊断方法, 治疗方案, 行为支持, 家庭关怀, 小动作, 神经系统疾病","本文深入探讨抽动障碍，帮您识别症状、原因及治疗方法，助力孩子健康成长。了解如何给予孩子支持与关怀！","2026-09-02 09:00:00",[33],{"menuId":34,"menuName":35,"parentId":21,"orderNum":20,"path":36,"component":37,"isFrame":38,"isCache":39,"menuType":40,"visible":41,"status":21,"createDept":6,"remark":23,"createTime":42,"children":43,"columnImage":44,"columnLogo":45,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":41,"isHome":21,"forceLogin":21,"color":46,"seoTitle":47,"seoKeywords":48,"seoDescription":49,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":50,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":51,"routerPath":36,"componentInfo":37},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","儿童疾病",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":55,"success":53},{"pageNo":41,"pageSize":56,"result":57,"totalSize":21},10,[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":59,"success":53},{"authors":60,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":61},[],[]]