[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fYshODoj2RAtWCBuT76s211t8sEx2Me5vh0WOr0IhjFU":8,"$fUFNJNrh6iCGyOAl5KWsK9p2O6tC46yhoG0nAdsm7e_g":55,"$fsV69isy3nvjKQcPOLFtXrfYBR3JiJQnboI7ZMX7bodk":59},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":54},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":21,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":21,"createTime":28,"seoTitle":22,"seoKeywords":29,"seoDescription":30,"shelvesTime":31,"version":32,"menus":33,"menuId":35,"type":42,"quality":53,"commentCount":21,"isComment":42},84779,1005388,[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/app/48552/2026-08-11/6e8c6f68-d865-45bb-bd2b-e0497805caaf.png","梅道启","苏州大学附属儿童医院","神经内科","主任医师",12,0,"抽动障碍患者的关爱与指导","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/3df9030c-263a-411f-ac25-c329d45bc9ba.jpg","\u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-wrap\">\n    \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"tics-guide-title\">抽动障碍患者的关爱与指导\u003C/h1>\n\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-section\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg,#f8fafc 80%,#e6f0fa 100%);\">\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-subtitle\">\n            \u003Cspan>01 抽动障碍是什么？\u003C/span> \u003Cspan class=\"tics-guide-emoji\">🧠\u003C/span>\n        \u003C/div>\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-content\">\n            假如你身边有个孩子，偶尔眨眼、清嗓子或者抖肩，看起来并不像故意为之。其实，这可能就是抽动障碍的典型表现。医学上，它属于小儿神经发育疾病，发病率不低。多数患者在学龄期初发，男孩比例略高（参考Leckman, J. F. et al., \"Tourette's Syndrome\", 2010, The Lancet）。\u003Cbr>\n            简单来讲，抽动障碍是大脑调控运动和声音的功能暂时“失灵”，导致孩子不自觉地做出某些动作或声音。这样的症状可能随情绪或压力浮动，但不会影响智力，也没有传染性。\u003Cbr>\n            需要知道，这种病虽让孩子有些困扰，但他们的生活、能力和成长，依然可以正常进行。只要科学管理，很多人都能逐渐缓解症状。\n        \u003C/div>\n    \u003C/div>\n\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-section\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg,#faf6f8 85%,#eae3f6 100%);\">\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-subtitle\">\n            \u003Cspan>02 怎么发现抽动障碍？\u003C/span> \u003Cspan class=\"tics-guide-emoji\">👀\u003C/span>\n        \u003C/div>\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-content\">\n            说起来，抽动的症状分轻重。\u003Cbr>\n            \u003Cul class=\"tics-guide-list\">\n                \u003Cli>\n                    \u003Cb>轻微、偶尔\u003C/b>：比如孩子偶尔眨眼、清嗓，或者肩膀耸动，持续几秒到几十秒，似乎一过性的小动作。这种情况下，多数父母会认为是“习惯”或者“淘气”，但如果总是反复出现，就需要留心。\n                \u003C/li>\n                \u003Cli>\n                    \u003Cb>持续、严重\u003C/b>：有时症状变得更明显，比如连续发声、抖动甚至尖叫，难以自控。患者可能在课堂上或安静环境下突然出现抽动，让自己和老师都尴尬。我们见到的12岁男孩（142cm，30kg），复诊时运动抽动和发声抽动已好转，但偶尔还会波动，紧张时加重，入睡后消失。\u003Cbr>\n                    这个例子提醒我们：症状有轻有重，压力、情绪会影响，但症状睡后通常消失，智力并不受损。\n                \u003C/li>\n            \u003C/ul>\n            另外，很多孩子还伴有注意力不佳、学习容易分心等情况，这些往往和抽动症状一同出现。\u003Cbr>\n            如果孩子出现上述情况，最好及时向神经内科寻求专业评估，不要等到症状影响学习或社交时才去医院。\n        \u003C/div>\n    \u003C/div>\n\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-section\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg,#f4f9f5 90%,#daf8e7 100%);\">\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-subtitle\">\n            \u003Cspan>03 为什么会得抽动障碍？\u003C/span> \u003Cspan class=\"tics-guide-emoji\">🔬\u003C/span>\n        \u003C/div>\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-content\">\n            抽动障碍背后有不少原因，主要包括：\n            \u003Cul class=\"tics-guide-list\">\n                \u003Cli>\n                    \u003Cb>遗传因素\u003C/b>：有研究显示，抽动障碍有明显的家族倾向。美国一项调查发现，父母或兄弟姐妹中患病者，孩子得病概率高2-5倍（Scharf, J. M. et al., \"Genome-wide association study of Tourette's syndrome\", 2013, Molecular Psychiatry）。这说明，基因绝不是唯一，但确实有影响。\n                \u003C/li>\n                \u003Cli>\n                    \u003Cb>神经传递物质失调\u003C/b>：大脑里的多巴胺等化学物质失衡，会让运动控制“失灵”。比如多巴胺过多时，容易引发不自主动作和声音（Robertson, M. M., \"The pathophysiology and treatment of Tourette syndrome\", 2008, European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry）。\n                \u003C/li>\n                \u003Cli>\n                    \u003Cb>环境和心理压力\u003C/b>：家庭变故、学习压力、环境变化等，会加重抽动障碍。尤其是面对考试或难以应对的情绪时，症状容易明显波动。也有研究指出，长期精神紧张，使症状加重的比例达到35%（Woods, D. W. et al., \"The relationship between stress and tic severity\", 2007, Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology）。\n                \u003C/li>\n            \u003C/ul>\n            总结下来，抽动障碍既不是缺乏教育，也不是孩子故意捣乱。更多是大脑调控机制暂时紊乱，年龄和家庭遗传都可能影响发病概率。\u003Cbr>\n            这提醒我们，面对抽动障碍，应以理解和支持为主，而不是责备和误解。\n        \u003C/div>\n    \u003C/div>\n\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-section\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg,#f8f5fa 90%,#ddebf9 100%);\">\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-subtitle\">\n            \u003Cspan>04 如何诊断抽动障碍？\u003C/span> \u003Cspan class=\"tics-guide-emoji\">🏥\u003C/span>\n        \u003C/div>\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-content\">\n            医院里的诊断流程很明确，医生会综合以下几步：\n            \u003Col class=\"tics-guide-list\">\n                \u003Cli>\n                    \u003Cb>临床观察\u003C/b>：医生观察孩子的具体行为及发声抽动模式，记录频率和持续时间。\n                \u003C/li>\n                \u003Cli>\n                    \u003Cb>详细病史调查\u003C/b>：包括家族史、既往病史、症状出现时间和影响程度。\n                \u003C/li>\n                \u003Cli>\n                    \u003Cb>神经心理评估\u003C/b>：会做一些注意力、行为测试，确认有无共病如多动障碍等（DSM-5标准）。\n                \u003C/li>\n                \u003Cli>\n                    \u003Cb>必要时脑电图检查\u003C/b>：如症状不典型或需排除其他神经系统疾病，医生可能建议做短程或长程的视频脑电图。（参考病例中已说明：如需完善脑电图检查，由专科预约后完成）。\n                \u003C/li>\n            \u003C/ol>\n            所有这些检查只在必要情况下进行，避免无用功，减少孩子不适。\u003Cbr>\n            实际上，抽动障碍多依赖症状和病史判断，辅助检查只是为安全起见。\n        \u003C/div>\n    \u003C/div>\n\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-section\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg,#f9f8f4 90%,#f3f7e8 100%);\">\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-subtitle\">\n            \u003Cspan>05 抽动障碍怎么治？\u003C/span> \u003Cspan class=\"tics-guide-emoji\">💊\u003C/span>\n        \u003C/div>\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-content\">\n            治疗方式主要有两种，通常需要神经内科医生来指导：\n            \u003Cul class=\"tics-guide-list\">\n                \u003Cli>\n                    \u003Cb>药物治疗\u003C/b>：主要针对症状较重、影响学习或生活的患者。常用药包括多巴胺拮抗剂、抗精神病药物等，具体用法要遵医嘱。（参考Pringsheim, T. et al., \"Practice guideline: Treatment of tics in people with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders\", 2019, Neurology）\n                \u003C/li>\n                \u003Cli>\n                    \u003Cb>行为疗法\u003C/b>: 比如“习惯逆转训练”（HRT），通过特殊技巧帮助孩子识别、管理抽动冲动，有助于缓解症状。心理支持和家庭环境改善也很重要。\n                \u003C/li>\n                \u003Cli>\n                    \u003Cb>注意力管理\u003C/b>: 很多孩子伴有多动症、注意力差，医生会有针对性的康复训练和家庭指导，帮助改善学习和社交能力。\n                \u003C/li>\n            \u003C/ul>\n            没有任何一种方法是万能的。有些症状会随着年龄增长自然减轻。\u003Cbr>\n            医生会根据孩子的情况，灵活调整治疗方案。家长配合、生活规律是最重要的辅助措施。\n        \u003C/div>\n    \u003C/div>\n\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-section\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg,#f8faf9 90%,#e6f9ec 100%);\">\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-subtitle\">\n            \u003Cspan>06 日常该怎么管理？\u003C/span> \u003Cspan class=\"tics-guide-emoji\">🛋️\u003C/span>\n        \u003C/div>\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-content\">\n            日常管理的方法，其实很有操作性。说起来，关键是生活节奏和情绪调控，让孩子更自在地生活：\n            \u003Cul class=\"tics-guide-list\">\n                \u003Cli>\n                    \u003Cb>规律作息\u003C/b>：睡眠充足能明显缓解抽动。建议每晚保证8-9小时睡眠，并形成固定时间。晚饭后少用电子产品，助于早睡。\n                \u003C/li>\n                \u003Cli>\n                    \u003Cb>情绪舒缓\u003C/b>：压力大时抽动症状容易加重。家长要学会和孩子沟通，避免高压教育，多用鼓励和理解。\n                \u003C/li>\n                \u003Cli>\n                    \u003Cb>科学饮食\u003C/b>：均衡摄取蛋白质、蔬菜和粗粮。例如，鸡蛋能助脑发育，菠菜含丰富叶酸助神经健康，燕麦有益大脑代谢。建议早餐有蛋类，午餐多蔬菜，晚餐用粗粮做主食。（参考：Kohlmeyer, K., “Nutrition and brain function”, 2011, British Journal of Nutrition）\n                \u003C/li>\n                \u003Cli>\n                    \u003Cb>适度运动\u003C/b>：每周3次、每次30分钟的有氧运动（如慢跑、跳绳、骑自行车），可提升大脑调控力。有研究支持运动能显著改善精神紧张和注意力不足（Hill, L. J. B. et al., “Physical activity and mental health in children”, 2018, JAMA Pediatrics）。\n                \u003C/li>\n                \u003Cli>\n                    \u003Cb>创造安全环境\u003C/b>：减少高压场合，避免让孩子陷入焦虑情绪。比如考试前，家长可以和老师沟通让孩子适当休息，调整考场坐位。\n                \u003C/li>\n            \u003C/ul>\n            如果抽动症状明显加重或者出现异常行为，建议及时就诊神经内科。家长也要周期性复诊，配合医生治疗安排。\u003Cbr>\n            别忽视复诊、随访的重要性。持续关注，才能及时发现变化，调整方案。\n        \u003C/div>\n    \u003C/div>\n\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-section\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg,#f3f6fa 90%,#e7ebf8 100%);\">\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-subtitle\">\n            \u003Cspan>07 抽动障碍不是孩子的错\u003C/span> \u003Cspan class=\"tics-guide-emoji\">🧩\u003C/span>\n        \u003C/div>\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-content\">\n            很多家长起初难以接受孩子“抽动”，以为是性格或教育问题，其实完全不必自责。抽动障碍只是神经的短暂紊乱，与智商、性格都无关。\u003Cbr>\n            通过科学的诊断和治疗，大多数孩子能恢复正常生活和学习。压力管理、规律作息、饮食运动三管齐下，可以帮孩子最大程度减轻困扰。\u003Cbr>\n            和孩子一起面对，而不是逃避或者批评，更有利于症状缓解。\u003Cbr>\n            最好的办法，是配合医生，定期复诊，把孩子的健康和成长放在首位。\u003Cbr>\n            实际上，每一个孩子都值得被理解和关爱。在健康成长的路上，家长的支持，是莫大的帮助。\n        \u003C/div>\n    \u003C/div>\n    \n    \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-section\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg,#f8fafc 90%,#e6f0fa 100%);\">\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-subtitle\">\n            \u003Cspan>🌱 英文文献参考\u003C/span>\n        \u003C/div>\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-ref\">\n            \u003Cul class=\"tics-guide-ref-list\">\n                \u003Cli>\n                    Leckman, J. F., et al. (2010). Tourette's Syndrome. \u003Ci>The Lancet\u003C/i>, 375(9721), 1607–1616.\n                \u003C/li>\n                \u003Cli>\n                    Scharf, J. M., et al. (2013). Genome-wide association study of Tourette's syndrome. \u003Ci>Molecular Psychiatry\u003C/i>, 18(6), 792–798.\n                \u003C/li>\n                \u003Cli>\n                    Robertson, M. M. (2008). The pathophysiology and treatment of Tourette syndrome. \u003Ci>European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry\u003C/i>, 17(1), 15–23.\n                \u003C/li>\n                \u003Cli>\n                    Woods, D. W., et al. (2007). The relationship between stress and tic severity. \u003Ci>Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology\u003C/i>, 35(2), 253–263.\n                \u003C/li>\n                \u003Cli>\n                    Pringsheim, T., et al. (2019). Practice guideline: Treatment of tics in people with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders. \u003Ci>Neurology\u003C/i>, 92(19), 896–906.\n                \u003C/li>\n                \u003Cli>\n                    Kohlmeyer, K. (2011). Nutrition and brain function. \u003Ci>British Journal of Nutrition\u003C/i>, 106(2), 303–313.\n                \u003C/li>\n                \u003Cli>\n                    Hill, L. J. B., et al. (2018). Physical activity and mental health in children. \u003Ci>JAMA Pediatrics\u003C/i>, 172(3), 241–247.\n                \u003C/li>\n            \u003C/ul>\n        \u003C/div>\n    \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n.tics-guide-wrap {\n    font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n    max-width: 780px;\n    margin: 30px auto 30px auto;\n    color: #3a3a3a;\n    background: #fff;\n    border-radius: 14px;\n    box-shadow: 0 4px 28px rgba(60,90,130,0.08);\n    padding: 28px 30px 40px 30px;\n}\n\n.tics-guide-title {\n    font-size: 32px;\n    color: #2772c5;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    padding-bottom: 18px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #e2eaf5;\n    margin-bottom: 32px;\n    letter-spacing: 1px;\n}\n\n.tics-guide-section {\n    margin: 32px 0;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    padding: 24px 28px 30px 28px;\n    transition: box-shadow 0.3s;\n    box-shadow: 0 2px 11px rgba(47,90,130,0.075);\n}\n\n.tics-guide-subtitle {\n    font-size: 22px;\n    color: #465a67;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    border-left: 5px solid #2772c5;\n    padding-left: 12px;\n    margin-bottom: 16px;\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    min-height: 40px;\n}\n\n.tics-guide-emoji {\n    font-size: 21px;\n    margin-left: 12px;\n    display: inline-block;\n    line-height: 22px;\n}\n\n.tics-guide-content {\n    font-size: 17px;\n    line-height: 2.05em;\n    color: #465a67;\n    margin-bottom: 4px;\n    letter-spacing: 0.03em;\n}\n\n.tics-guide-list {\n    margin: 18px 0 18px 14px;\n    padding-left: 16px;\n    font-size: 17px;\n    line-height: 1.92em;\n}\n\n.tics-guide-list li,\n.tics-guide-ref-list li {\n    margin-bottom: 13px;\n    color: #3c375e;\n}\n\n.tics-guide-list b {\n    color: #19786e;\n    font-weight: 500;\n}\n\n.tics-guide-ref {\n    margin-top: 20px;\n    font-size: 15px;\n    color: #5c697b;\n}\n\n.tics-guide-ref-list {\n    margin: 10px 0 0 8px;\n    padding-left: 20px;\n    line-height: 1.7em;\n    font-size: 15px;\n}\n\n@media screen and (max-width: 900px) {\n    .tics-guide-wrap {\n        max-width: 98%;\n        padding: 18px 3% 32px 3%;\n    }\n    .tics-guide-section {\n        padding: 16px 5% 21px 5%;\n    }\n}\n\u003C/style>\n```","\u003Cdiv class=\"tics-guide-wrap\">\n    \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"tics-guide-title\">抽动障碍患者的关爱与指导\u003C/h1>",825,"2026-08-21 17:16:48","抽动障碍, Tourette综合征, 儿童神经发育疾病, 如何治疗抽动, 注意力不集中","了解抽动障碍的表现与成因，为家长提供专业的管理和治疗方案。帮助孩子轻松应对抽动症，恢复正常生活。","2026-08-21 19:00:00",2,[34],{"menuId":35,"menuName":36,"parentId":21,"orderNum":32,"path":37,"component":38,"isFrame":39,"isCache":40,"menuType":41,"visible":42,"status":21,"createDept":6,"remark":23,"createTime":43,"children":44,"columnImage":45,"columnLogo":46,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":42,"isHome":21,"forceLogin":21,"color":47,"seoTitle":48,"seoKeywords":49,"seoDescription":50,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":51,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":52,"routerPath":37,"componentInfo":38},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","儿童疾病",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":56,"success":54},{"pageNo":42,"pageSize":57,"result":58,"totalSize":21},10,[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":60,"success":54},{"authors":61,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":62},[],[]]