[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fq7dy6WoYfCfC54B-8IVqwERYO_5Xv3WuCI3AzVtijSs":8,"$fU8fylO2WM-r1zNYJh0gINeuDq639kLQsUIUL3BCyRDQ":55,"$fmqj81cxerSnG0Fjg4vSn3TfugmfEvDJmesw-DbcPwIA":59},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":54},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":21,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":21,"createTime":28,"seoTitle":22,"seoKeywords":29,"seoDescription":30,"shelvesTime":31,"version":32,"menus":33,"menuId":35,"type":42,"quality":53,"commentCount":21,"isComment":42},84666,955376,[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/app/47429/2026-06-30/5bc3d6f8-f08a-42d3-bea8-31b00596230d.png","陈瑞华","赣州市妇幼保健院","儿科","主任医师",13,0,"抽动秽语综合征的理解与管理","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/541d5590-6f9b-44c6-8c52-0db86811be5e.jpg","\u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-component\">\n  \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"tourette-title\">抽动秽语综合征的理解与管理\u003C/h1>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-section tourette-bg01\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"tourette-subtitle\">01 家庭里的小困扰，可能隐藏着健康挑战\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"tourette-content\">\n      在不少家庭中，或许曾有这样一幕：孩子突如其来地咳嗽、清嗓子或发出奇怪的声音，看上去并非感冒发烧。轻微时，家长觉得没什么大不了，甚至以为是调皮。实际上，有的孩子并不是故意这样做——他们控制不了自己的动作和声音。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp class=\"tourette-content\">\n      像有一位6岁的男孩，体重和身高都正常，却总是喉咙发出异常声响，来医院检查才发现是抽动秽语综合征。类似的现象在生活中并不少见，家长需要用心观察，区分偶发和反复出现的异常动作或声音。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-section tourette-bg02\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"tourette-subtitle\">02 如何识别孩子的抽动症状？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-points\">\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-point\">\u003Cspan class=\"tourette-emoji\">👀\u003C/span>\u003Cstrong>1. 持续出现的刻板动作\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\n        经常莫名眨眼、皱鼻、耸肩，有时还会吸气或做怪表情。如果只是偶尔一次，大多无需担心，但反复持续就不容忽视。\u003C/div>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-point\">\u003Cspan class=\"tourette-emoji\">🗣️\u003C/span>\u003Cstrong>2. 不自主发声\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\n        类似清嗓、咳嗽、小声叫喊，或发出动物般的声音。这类声音往往随着紧张、激动等情绪而加重，放松时或消失或减轻。\u003C/div>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-point\">\u003Cspan class=\"tourette-emoji\">🙋‍♂️\u003C/span>\u003Cstrong>3. 日常打断和困扰\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\n        动作或声音出现很难控制，有时会影响课堂、和小伙伴相处，甚至被身边人误解为故意“调皮捣蛋”。\u003C/div>\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cp class=\"tourette-content\">\n      6岁的阳阳（化名）起初就是无故喉咙发出怪声，起初大家当作小毛病，后来持续数周仍无改善，这才在儿童神经内科被确诊为抽动秽语综合征。早发现、早判断对后续的干预和管理非常关键。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-section tourette-bg03\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"tourette-subtitle\">03 抽动秽语综合征的发生原因：背后不只是“习惯问题”\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"tourette-content\">\n      简单来说，这种综合征多与脑部神经递质（如多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素）的功能紊乱有关。孩子并非有意而为，而是神经回路调节出了偏差（Robertson, M. M., 2015）。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-points\">\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-point\">\u003Cspan class=\"tourette-emoji\">🧬\u003C/span>\u003Cstrong>1. 遗传倾向\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\n        研究发现，如果家中有亲人出现类似症状，后代患病的风险会较高（Knight, T., et al., 2012）。\u003C/div>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-point\">\u003Cspan class=\"tourette-emoji\">🌱\u003C/span>\u003Cstrong>2. 环境和生活体验\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\n        孩子在成长过程中如遇到较大心理压力、家庭变故、经常批评，抽动行为可能加重。\u003C/div>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-point\">\u003Cspan class=\"tourette-emoji\">🧠\u003C/span>\u003Cstrong>3. 大脑发育特殊性\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\n        某些大脑区域功能活动异常，是神经发育障碍的一部分。这也解释了为什么有时药物可以帮助改善。\u003C/div>\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cp class=\"tourette-content\">\n      这说明，抽动秽语综合征的发生远不是“管教不严”、“调皮捣蛋”那么简单，需要科学了解，不要误解孩子。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cblockquote class=\"tourette-quote\">\n      \u003Cem>注：Knight, T., Steeves, T., Day, L., Lowerison, M., Jette, N., Pringsheim, T. (2012). Prevalence of tic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. \u003Cspan class=\"tourette-source\">Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47(11)\u003C/span>.\u003C/em>\u003Cbr>\n      \u003Cem>Robertson, M. M. (2015). A personal 35-year perspective on Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: assessment, investigations, and management. \u003Cspan class=\"tourette-source\">The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(1)\u003C/span>.\u003C/em>\n    \u003C/blockquote>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-section tourette-bg04\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"tourette-subtitle\">04 如何确诊？这些评估不可忽略\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"tourette-content\">\n      抽动秽语综合征的诊断，核心是详尽的症状回顾和临床观察，这和其他儿童常见病最大的不同在于：它重视现象的持续性和多样性。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul class=\"tourette-list\">\n      \u003Cli>🕒 \n        \u003Cstrong>症状持续时间：\u003C/strong>连续多月、变化起伏，但动作和声音总有一种存在。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>👩‍⚕️ \n        \u003Cstrong>医生问诊：\u003C/strong>详细了解孩子什么时候、怎么表现这些症状，有没有在家、学校加重，排查其他疾病。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>📝 \n        \u003Cstrong>辅助评估：\u003C/strong>如有疑问，可能安排神经心理评测，排除类似癫痫、肌张力障碍等其他疾病。基本无需做昂贵的脑部或生化检查。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp class=\"tourette-content\">\n      对于6岁的阳阳，医生正是通过详细病史、日常行为观察，实现了诊断。这也提示各位家长，发现孩子有类似表现，最好的办法是带孩子到儿童神经内科，避免盲目延误。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cblockquote class=\"tourette-quote\">\n      \u003Cem>文献参考：Robertson, M. M., & Eapen, V. (2013). Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: The case for co-morbidities and phenotype variation. \u003Cspan class=\"tourette-source\">Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 75(6)\u003C/span>.\u003C/em>\n    \u003C/blockquote>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-section tourette-bg05\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"tourette-subtitle\">05 治疗方案：科学、持续是关键\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"tourette-content\">\n      治疗方式主要分为行为疗法与药物干预。药物不是首选，尤其症状轻微时更强调认知和习惯调整。只有在影响生活和学习时，才需考虑药物治疗。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-points\">\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-point\">\u003Cspan class=\"tourette-emoji\">👨‍🏫\u003C/span>\u003Cstrong>行为干预\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\n        通过认知行为疗法（CBIT）教孩子觉察、调控自身抽动，减少被误解或自卑。家长可在专业指导下，采用正向鼓励、小目标训练帮助孩子逐步改善。\u003C/div>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-point\">\u003Cspan class=\"tourette-emoji\">💊\u003C/span>\u003Cstrong>药物辅助\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\n        比如临床常用的中成药或多巴胺抑制剂。对于像本次病例，医生会根据体重、症状制定个性化药物计划，同时密切观察任何副作用。\u003C/div>\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cp class=\"tourette-content\">\n      说起来，治疗有时像“修路补洞”，需要按部就班、循序渐进。家长和孩子要有耐心，别追求马上完全消除症状，而是重视每一次小进步。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cblockquote class=\"tourette-quote\">\n      \u003Cem>文献参考：Murphy, T. K., et al. (2013). Comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (CBIT): A randomized trial. \u003Cspan class=\"tourette-source\">Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(6)\u003C/span>.\u003C/em>\n    \u003C/blockquote>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-section tourette-bg06\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"tourette-subtitle\">06 管理孩子的日常：爱和策略同样重要\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"tourette-content\">\n      家庭支持对于有抽动症的孩子意义重大。其实在生活里，有几个实用的管理方法：\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Col class=\"tourette-list\">\n      \u003Cli>🛏️ \u003Cstrong>保证睡眠充足：\u003C/strong>良好的休息有助于大脑调节，症状通常在劳累后加重。\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>🥦 \u003Cstrong>均衡饮食：\u003C/strong>新鲜蔬菜水果、豆制品等，有助于维持神经递质的平衡。比如，多吃富含维生素B6、D以及矿物质的食物，辅助脑部发育\u003Csup>\u003Ca href=\"#t1\">1\u003C/a>\u003C/sup>。\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>🏃 \u003Cstrong>适量运动：\u003C/strong>运动释放压力，让神经系统更稳定。慢跑、骑行、游泳都是不错的选择。\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>👨‍👩‍👦 \u003Cstrong>理解包容：\u003C/strong>家长和老师减少负面评价，不强化抽动带来的“不正常”印象，有助于孩子自信心的提升。\u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ol>\n    \u003Cp class=\"tourette-content\">\n      只要周围的人给予宽容和适当的调整，很多孩子能够健康成长、顺利学习和生活。不过，如果症状明显影响学习或心理健康，建议及时就医，必要时寻求专业心理支持。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-section tourette-bg07\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"tourette-subtitle\">07 日常生活的真实关切\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"tourette-content\">\n      最后值得记住，孩子的成长需要科学的关心和真实的理解。抽动症状并不是“坏习惯”，更不应用冷嘲热讽来对待。只要用心管理，很多症状是可控的。生活里，一个支持的目光、耐心的解释，远胜于指责和焦虑。对于有这类症状的家庭来说，温和坚定的爱和科学的管理，才是最好的药方。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp class=\"tourette-content\">\n      如果你怀疑孩子有类似问题，最实用的建议是：记录平时的表现，带孩子到专业的儿童神经内科求助，遵医嘱科学管理。早关注、早沟通，就是给孩子最好的支持。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-section tourette-reference\">\n    \u003Ch3 class=\"tourette-ref-title\">参考文献\u003C/h3>\n    \u003Col>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Robertson, M. M. (2015). A personal 35-year perspective on Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: assessment, investigations, and management. \u003Cem>The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(1).\u003C/em>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Knight, T., Steeves, T., Day, L., Lowerison, M., Jette, N., Pringsheim, T. (2012). Prevalence of tic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. \u003Cem>Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47(11).\u003C/em>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Murphy, T. K., et al. (2013). Comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (CBIT): A randomized trial. \u003Cem>Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(6).\u003C/em>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Robertson, M. M., & Eapen, V. (2013). Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: The case for co-morbidities and phenotype variation. \u003Cem>Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 75(6).\u003C/em>\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ol>\n    \u003Cul>\n      \u003Cli id=\"t1\">Cabrera, H., & Chávez, M. (2020). Nutrition and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children. \u003Cem>Current Nutrition & Food Science, 16(2).\u003C/em>\u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n.tourette-component {\n  font-family: \"Segoe UI\", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n  background-color: #f7f7f7;\n  color: #2d2d2d;\n  padding: 32px 16px 16px 16px;\n  border-radius: 12px;\n  max-width: 900px;\n  margin: 18px auto;\n  box-shadow: 0 5px 32px rgba(60,60,60,0.18);\n}\n\n.tourette-title {\n  text-align: center;\n  font-size: 2.6em;\n  margin-bottom: 30px;\n  color: #2267a6;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  letter-spacing: 0.02em;\n}\n\n.tourette-section {\n  margin-bottom: 40px;\n  padding: 32px 26px 26px 26px;\n  border-radius: 18px;\n  box-shadow: 0 4px 18px rgba(200,200,215,0.10);\n  background-size: cover;\n  background-repeat: no-repeat;\n}\n\n.tourette-bg01 {\n  background: linear-gradient(120deg, #e4ecfc 0%, #dde7f9 100%);\n}\n.tourette-bg02 {\n  background: linear-gradient(120deg, #f7ece0 0%, #f5f2e8 100%);\n}\n.tourette-bg03 {\n  background: linear-gradient(110deg, #e0f5ef 0%, #d7ede7 100%);\n}\n.tourette-bg04 {\n  background: linear-gradient(100deg, #fff7e3 0%, #f7f2eb 100%);\n}\n.tourette-bg05 {\n  background: linear-gradient(120deg, #e6f0fb 0%, #f1f6fc 100%);\n}\n.tourette-bg06 {\n  background: linear-gradient(120deg, #fff1e3 0%, #faeee4 100%);\n}\n.tourette-bg07 {\n  background: linear-gradient(110deg, #e8f7ea 0%, #f1f8f9 100%);\n}\n\n.tourette-subtitle {\n  color: #1f5074;\n  font-size: 1.56em;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  letter-spacing: 0.01em;\n  margin-bottom: 18px;\n  padding-left: 6px;\n  position: relative;\n  border-left: 5px solid #2493e7;\n}\n\n.tourette-content {\n  font-size: 1.13em;\n  line-height: 2.06em;\n  margin-bottom: 11px;\n  margin-top: 3px;\n  text-align: justify;\n}\n\n.tourette-points {\n  margin: 13px 0 10px 0;\n}\n\n.tourette-point {\n  background: #fcfcfc;\n  margin-bottom: 13px;\n  padding: 13px 15px;\n  border-left: 4px solid #2493e7;\n  border-radius: 6px;\n  font-size: 1.06em;\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 9px rgba(110,130,180,0.06);\n}\n\n.tourette-emoji {\n  font-size: 1.3em;\n  margin-right: 5px;\n  vertical-align: middle;\n}\n\n.tourette-list {\n  margin-left: 34px;\n  margin-bottom: 20px;\n  font-size: 1.06em;\n  line-height: 1.7em;\n}\n\n.tourette-list li {\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\n  padding-left: 4px;\n}\n\n.tourette-quote {\n  margin: 20px 0 10px 28px;\n  padding: 13px 20px;\n  background: #f2fafe;\n  border-left: 4px solid #6ca8d6;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  font-size: 1em;\n  color: #2d5066;\n}\n\n.tourette-source {\n  color: #2d74b4;\n  font-size: 0.98em;\n}\n\n.tourette-reference {\n  margin-top: 22px;\n  background: #f7fbff;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 25px 22px 18px 22px;\n  box-shadow: 0 1px 5px rgba(125,165,195,0.07);\n}\n\n.tourette-ref-title {\n  font-size: 1.16em;\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\n  color: #1c5074;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  letter-spacing: 0.03em;\n}\n\n.tourette-reference ol,\n.tourette-reference ul {\n  margin-left: 18px;\n}\n\n.tourette-reference li {\n  font-size: 1em;\n  margin-bottom: 7px;\n  line-height: 1.6em;\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 700px) {\n  .tourette-component {\n    padding: 9px 3vw 9px 3vw;\n    max-width: 98vw;\n  }\n  .tourette-section {\n    padding: 19px 6px 15px 6px;\n  }\n}\n\u003C/style>","\u003Cdiv class=\"tourette-component\">\n  \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"tourette-title\">抽动秽语综合征的理解与管理\u003C/h1>",1379,"2026-08-17 14:47:48","抽动秽语综合征, 儿童抽动症, 治疗方案, 识别症状, 行为疗法, 药物干预, 家庭管理, 孩子健康","了解抽动秽语综合征的症状、成因及治疗方案，为家长提供科学管理建议，助力孩子健康成长。","2026-08-20 20:30:00",2,[34],{"menuId":35,"menuName":36,"parentId":21,"orderNum":32,"path":37,"component":38,"isFrame":39,"isCache":40,"menuType":41,"visible":42,"status":21,"createDept":6,"remark":23,"createTime":43,"children":44,"columnImage":45,"columnLogo":46,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":42,"isHome":21,"forceLogin":21,"color":47,"seoTitle":48,"seoKeywords":49,"seoDescription":50,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":51,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":52,"routerPath":37,"componentInfo":38},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","儿童疾病",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":56,"success":54},{"pageNo":42,"pageSize":57,"result":58,"totalSize":21},10,[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":60,"success":54},{"authors":61,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":62},[],[]]