[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fTd7Vtdc1KfReQnxAvwZNWRyO0eVhGm_5v0iFgCnEJUs":8,"$fBP5GsqnBUWKjbZBRUnamrCTZFgb8n4En_A1WK00E61U":55,"$fyT3NSRCsUW5CyLRTxU9H43Dw6P6mNtIXoe2vuYnWROs":59},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":54},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":21,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":21,"createTime":28,"seoTitle":22,"seoKeywords":29,"seoDescription":30,"shelvesTime":31,"version":32,"menus":33,"menuId":35,"type":42,"quality":53,"commentCount":21,"isComment":42},82337,864377,[],"https://yst.tos-cn-shanghai.volces.com/venue%2Fundefined%2F2025-12-16-16%3A11%3A04%2F76060049-1dff-40f7-88f3-c646c1d87a63.png","谷月","吉林大学第一医院","呼吸内科","副主任医师",7,0,"过敏性鼻炎：您需要了解的基础知识与应对策略","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/0b964d0c-6a9f-4d7c-b73e-9e46734e705a.jpg","\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-material-wrapper\">\n  \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"custom-material-title\">过敏性鼻炎：您需要了解的基础知识与应对策略\u003C/h1>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-bg-section custom-section-01\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"custom-section-title\">01 鼻子为何总有“小状况”？——了解过敏性鼻炎\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        有没有发现，每到换季或者家中养了宠物，鼻子就会莫名地“闹情绪”：不是打喷嚏，就是总觉得堵得慌？其实，这背后很有可能就是过敏性鼻炎在作怪。和普通感冒不同，它反复、难缠，但又常被误当成小毛病——尤其在早期，很多人只当成环境变化或临时受凉，于是拖着不管。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        过敏性鼻炎（变应性鼻炎）是一种常见的鼻腔炎症，主要是因为身体对空气中的某些成分（我们叫它“过敏原”）反应过度，导致鼻子持续不适。和偶尔的流鼻涕不同，过敏性鼻炎往反复，影响生活。很多患者晚上呼吸不畅，白天则打喷嚏、流清涕，甚至觉都睡不好。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        这类鼻炎的困扰并不少见，有数据显示（Bousquet et al., 2008），全球大约15%的人口不同程度受到此影响。但由于早期症状轻微，很容易被忽视，等到加重时，已经影响到生活质量。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-bg-section custom-section-02\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"custom-section-title\">02 当你觉得“只是小毛病”，其实鼻子在提醒你\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        过敏性鼻炎的表现，其实很容易和常见鼻部不适混淆，但它有一些“独特的小信号”，需要我们多加留意。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cul class=\"custom-section-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"custom-emoji\">🤧\u003C/span>\n          频繁喷嚏：不是偶尔的“一两个”喷嚏，而是连续打好几个，常是清晨刚起床或突遇刺激时突然发作。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"custom-emoji\">🤯\u003C/span>\n          持续鼻塞：和感冒引起的鼻塞不同，过敏性鼻炎的鼻塞通常反复出现，且用普通药很难完全缓解。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"custom-emoji\">💧\u003C/span>\n          水样流鼻涕：流出来的通常是清水样鼻涕，不是黄色粘稠的那种。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"custom-emoji\">😤\u003C/span>\n          嗅觉减退：有时候会突然发现闻不到饭菜香，或者空气中有异味却感受不到。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        68岁女性患者的例子：她主要是偶尔鼻塞、打喷嚏，平时并不重视，觉得过会儿就会自己好。直到呼吸也有些紧张，才意识到不仅仅是鼻炎这么简单。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        医学界认为，及时识别这些症状，可以帮助找到病根，减少误诊漏诊的风险。\u003Cspan class=\"custom-section-ref\">[Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update. Allergy. 2008]\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-bg-section custom-section-03\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"custom-section-title\">03 谁是“幕后黑手”？——致病因素和发病机制\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        说起来，过敏性鼻炎的发作就像一台“误报警报器”。过敏原进到鼻腔，身体立刻认为是“有害分子入侵”，于是派出大批“免疫战士”攻击，造成了鼻腔的红肿和分泌物增多。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-list\">\n        \u003Cspan class=\"custom-emoji\">🐾\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cstrong>1. 过敏原是元凶\u003C/strong>：猫狗皮屑、粉尘、花粉、尘螨、真菌孢子等，都是常见的过敏原。哪怕只是朋友带来的宠物味，或者春天开窗通风，空气里的微粒也能引发鼻子的不适。例如上面68岁老妇，已确定宠物皮屑为刺激源。\n      \u003C/div>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-list\">\n        \u003Cspan class=\"custom-emoji\">🌿\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cstrong>2. 体质和遗传\u003C/strong>：有过敏体质的人，往免疫系统本来就比较“敏感”。一项研究发现，如果父母一方有过敏性疾病，子女患病概率增加50%以上。\n      \u003C/div>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-list\">\n        \u003Cspan class=\"custom-emoji\">🧓\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cstrong>3. 年龄和环境\u003C/strong>：虽然儿童和青壮年更易发病，但老年人（如病例）同样需警惕——由于抵抗力下降，容易合并支气管炎、哮喘等问题。空气污染、家居卫生不到位也会助长过敏发作。\n      \u003C/div>\n      \u003Cp>\n        血清IgE的升高和支气管激发试验强阳性，说明不仅仅是鼻炎，可能还有气道高反应（参阅 Singh et al., Allergy, 2017）。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-bg-section custom-section-04\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"custom-section-title\">04 治疗选择：药物如何科学组合？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        确诊过敏性鼻炎后，医生通常会根据个人病情“量身搭配”药物。以我们的68岁患者为例，通过IgE检测、气道激发试验及肺部CT，已明确诊断过敏性鼻炎、支气管炎和轻度肺气肿。她的治疗依从性好，效果也很显著（症状明显改善、生活未受影响）。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Col class=\"custom-section-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"custom-emoji\">💊\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cstrong>抗组胺药（枸地氯雷他定片）\u003C/strong>：缓解鼻痒、喷嚏和流涕，是鼻炎基础用药之一，几乎不会引起嗜睡。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"custom-emoji\">🍃\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cstrong>白三烯受体拮抗剂（孟鲁司特钠片）\u003C/strong>：适用于鼻炎合并哮喘，帮助改善气道反应，减少夜间症状。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"custom-emoji\">💨\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cstrong>支气管扩张剂（盐酸班布特罗口服液）\u003C/strong>：对咳嗽、支气管炎有帮助，使气道更加畅通。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"custom-emoji\">🌱\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cstrong>中成药与免疫调节剂\u003C/strong>：比如苏黄止咳胶囊、匹多莫德等，可辅助改善咳喘和调节免疫，不过用药要遵医嘱。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ol>\n      \u003Cp>\n        治疗方案会根据患者情况调整。有哮喘、支气管炎的患者（如本病例）尤其要关注肺部健康，定期复查，防止病变加重。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"custom-section-ref\">[Scadding GK, Durham SR. Allergic Rhinitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196(5):602-610.]\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-bg-section custom-section-05\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"custom-section-title\">05 日常管理——如何让鼻炎“不再回头”？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        说起来，正式治疗是一方面，平时的日常管理才是把过敏性鼻炎“大门关上”的关键。这里的核心，不是万事避忌，而是学会“对症下药”，营造健康的生活习惯。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cul class=\"custom-section-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"custom-emoji\">🧹\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cstrong>室内环境要干净：\u003C/strong>勤换床单，地毯、被子等易藏尘螨的物品要经常清洗、暴晒。家里养宠物？尽量让它们少进卧室，常用毛巾擦拭宠物身体，减少皮屑散播。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"custom-emoji\">💧\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cstrong>空气湿度要适宜：\u003C/strong>过于干燥或潮湿的环境都不利鼻黏膜，可使用加湿器保持室内湿度40%-60%。但别忘记定期清洗加湿器。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"custom-emoji\">🥗\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cstrong>饮食方面可以多吃这些：\u003C/strong>新鲜蔬菜、水果，如西兰花、菠菜和橙子，它们富含维生素C，有助于调节免疫，提高抗氧化能力。益生菌类食物（如无糖酸奶、发酵豆制品）有助于改善过敏体质。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"custom-emoji\">🏃‍♀️\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cstrong>适当运动，增强体质：\u003C/strong>坚持快走、慢跑、适度的呼吸操，有助于增强肺部和鼻腔的耐受力，但高发季节要尽量避免在花粉多的户外活动。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"custom-emoji\">📆\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cstrong>定期健康检查：\u003C/strong>如果本身有哮喘、慢性咳嗽史，建议每年去呼吸或过敏专科随访一次。对于老年患者，还需关注有没有肺气肿、气道狭窄等合并症。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        \u003Cstrong>食用建议示例\u003C/strong>：西兰花+富含维生素C+每周2-3次焯烫后凉拌效果最佳；酸奶+调节过敏反应+每日早餐食用适宜。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"custom-section-ref\">[Nurmatov U, Devereux G, Sheikh A. Nutrients and foods for the primary prevention of asthma and allergy: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011]\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-bg-section custom-section-06\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"custom-section-title\">06 什么情况下要尽快求医？如何科学就诊\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        有时候，日常管理已做到位，但还是频繁发作、症状加重，这时就不要再拖，及时就医十分关键。下列几种情况，建议进入专科门诊进一步检查和治疗：\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cul class=\"custom-section-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"custom-emoji\">⏰\u003C/span>\n          接连一周鼻塞、流涕，普通药物控制不佳，生活受到了明显影响。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"custom-emoji\">😮‍💨\u003C/span>\n          合并呼吸困难、反复咳嗽，甚至有咳痰、喘息等呼吸道症状（如病例所示）。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"custom-emoji\">🥱\u003C/span>\n          睡眠质量明显下降，经常因鼻塞窒息而醒。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        医疗机构选择建议：以三甲医院、正规专科门诊为主。初诊可先行血清IgE及过敏原筛查，呼吸道症状明显者进一步做肺功能及CT排查。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        跨专科管理可获得更好的效果（Katelaris et al., 2020），比如过敏专科、呼吸内科医生一起制定方案。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-bg-section custom-section-07\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"custom-section-title\">07 结语与温和建议\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        鼻炎有时就像一位“敏感的小管家”，提醒我们环境和健康还可以做得更好。简单来说，不要小瞧反复的鼻部不适，及时查找诱因，做好日常防护，通常就能稳定控制住症状。对于上了年纪或者本身有支气管疾病的人群，更要格外重视肺部和鼻腔的联动变化。别忘了，健康其实就是一场持续的、温和的自我管理马拉松，不必焦虑，也不能掉以轻心。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        如果你的生活被反复鼻塞、喷嚏困扰，不妨试着找病因，慢调整饮食和居家习惯，必要时主动求助专业医生。愿你和家人都能舒舒服服地呼吸，笑迎每一天🌱！\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-ref-list\">\n        \u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>参考文献：\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n        \u003Cul>\n          \u003Cli>\n            Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, et al. (2008). Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update. \u003Ci>Allergy\u003C/i>, 63 Suppl 86:8-160.\n          \u003C/li>\n          \u003Cli>\n            Scadding GK, Durham SR. (2017). Allergic Rhinitis. \u003Ci>Am J Respir Crit Care Med\u003C/i>, 196(5):602-610.\n          \u003C/li>\n          \u003Cli>\n            Nurmatov U, Devereux G, Sheikh A. (2011). Nutrients and foods for the primary prevention of asthma and allergy: systematic review and meta-analysis. \u003Ci>J Allergy Clin Immunol\u003C/i>, 127(3):724-733.e30.\n          \u003C/li>\n          \u003Cli>\n            Singh AB, Mathur P. (2017). An aeroallergen profile of India − A multicenter study of urban and rural populations. \u003Ci>Allergy\u003C/i>, 72(5): 812-821.\n          \u003C/li>\n          \u003Cli>\n            Katelaris CH, et al. (2020). The burden of allergic rhinitis in Australia: a systematic review for improved management. \u003Ci>Asia Pac Allergy\u003C/i>, 10(4):e43.\u003C/li>\u003C/ul>\u003C/div>\u003C/div>\u003C/div>\u003C/div>\u003Cstyle>\n.custom-material-wrapper {\n  max-width: 720px;\n  margin: 32px auto 40px auto;\n  padding: 28px 26px 38px 26px;\n  background: #fafbfb;\n  border-radius: 16px;\n  box-shadow:0 2px 16px rgba(96,108,136,.07);\n  font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;\n  color: #283143;\n}\n\n.custom-material-title {\n  margin-top: 0;\n  margin-bottom: 32px;\n  text-align: center;\n  font-size: 2em;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  letter-spacing: 2px;\n  color: #4E6572;\n  line-height: 1.3;\n}\n\n.custom-bg-section {\n  padding: 30px 22px 18px 22px;\n  border-radius: 12px;\n  margin-bottom: 28px;\n  background-size: cover;\n  background-repeat: no-repeat;\n  background-position: top left;\n  border-left: 6px solid #b5dfea;\n}\n\n.custom-section-01 { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #ecf6fa 75%, #eefaff 100%); }\n.custom-section-02 { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f3f6f9 80%, #f9fced 100%);}\n.custom-section-03 { background: linear-gradient(93deg, #edf0f7 78%, #ecfaf0 100%);}\n.custom-section-04 { background: linear-gradient(92deg, #f9faf2 68%, #f5f1f2 100%);}\n.custom-section-05 { background: linear-gradient(87deg,#f8f8fd 75%, #eaffe7 100%);}\n.custom-section-06 { background: linear-gradient(92deg,#f6fbfc 77%, #f5f7fc 100%);}\n.custom-section-07 { background: linear-gradient(90deg,#f3f6fa 65%, #f9fced 100%);}\n\n.custom-section-title {\n  font-size: 1.38em;\n  color: #0477b2;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  padding-bottom: 10px;\n  margin-top: 0;\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\n  text-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(201,234,255,0.03);\n}\n\n.custom-section-content {\n  font-size: 1.06em;\n  line-height: 1.74;\n}\n\n.custom-section-list {\n  margin-left: 0;\n  margin-top: 8px;\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\n  padding: 0 0 0 0;\n  list-style: none;\n}\n\n.custom-section-list li {\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\n  padding-left: 2.3em;\n  position: relative;\n  font-size: 1em;\n}\n\n.custom-section-list li:before {\n  content: '';\n  display: none;\n}\n\n.custom-emoji {\n  font-size: 1.2em;\n  position: absolute;\n  left: 0;\n}\n\n.custom-section-list strong {\n  color: #33547f;\n  font-weight: 500;\n}\n\n.custom-section-ref {\n  color: #718b9a;\n  font-size: 0.96em;\n  padding-left: 2px;\n}\n\n.custom-section-ref-list {\n  margin-top: 22px;\n  font-size: 0.93em;\n  color: #7e8fa1;\n}\n\n.custom-section-ref-list ul {\n  margin-left: 0;\n  padding-left: 18px;\n  list-style: disc;\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 640px) {\n  .custom-material-wrapper {padding: 7vw 3vw 10vw 3vw;}\n  .custom-bg-section {padding: 5vw 2vw;}\n  .custom-material-title {font-size:1.08em;}\n}\n\u003C/style>","\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-material-wrapper\">\n  \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"custom-material-title\">过敏性鼻炎：",534,"2026-04-09 16:56:20","过敏性鼻炎, 鼻塞, 喷嚏, 治疗, 预防, 鼻炎症状, 生活习惯, 老年人","了解过敏性鼻炎的原因、症状和治疗方案，科学管理日常生活，缓解鼻部不适，提升生活质量，关注健康呼吸。","2026-04-10 10:00:00",2,[34],{"menuId":35,"menuName":36,"parentId":21,"orderNum":32,"path":37,"component":38,"isFrame":39,"isCache":40,"menuType":41,"visible":42,"status":21,"createDept":6,"remark":23,"createTime":43,"children":44,"columnImage":45,"columnLogo":46,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":42,"isHome":21,"forceLogin":21,"color":47,"seoTitle":48,"seoKeywords":49,"seoDescription":50,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":51,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":52,"routerPath":37,"componentInfo":38},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","过敏性疾病",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":56,"success":54},{"pageNo":42,"pageSize":57,"result":58,"totalSize":21},10,[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":60,"success":54},{"authors":61,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":62},[],[]]