[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$foqkt8oEZG17YUTCYHzr-BBpKVow_wjWeJkjJistPH2I":8,"$fAPYBxoeDwf8edqYzkgU4lgFVLY3u4DXiq0toAiYFx8w":54,"$fEHr0i8ey5jYSvJEoYyKMNZaqpMRE71WCPOlPCVKUfts":58},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":53},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":21,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":21,"createTime":28,"seoTitle":22,"seoKeywords":29,"seoDescription":30,"shelvesTime":31,"version":20,"menus":32,"menuId":34,"type":41,"quality":52,"commentCount":21,"isComment":41},81800,876344,[],"https://yst.tos-cn-shanghai.volces.com/venue%2Fundefined%2F2025-12-16-16%3A11%3A04%2F76060049-1dff-40f7-88f3-c646c1d87a63.png","王培志","哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院","皮肤性病科","住院医师",2,0,"你了解过敏吗？关注特殊人群的独特风险与管理","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/2fd12c66-7fdc-40f4-aa68-0244e72ef933.jpg","\u003Cdiv class=\"material-guide-overall\">\n  \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"material-guide-title\">你了解过敏吗？关注特殊人群的独特风险与管理\u003C/h1>\n\n  \u003C!-- 01 过敏是什么？ -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-guide-section\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(110deg, #e8edf5 0%, #f8fbfd 100%); border-radius: 16px; margin-bottom: 28px;\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-guide-section-title\">\n      01 🌿 过敏这回事，为什么越来越常见？\n    \u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-guide-paragraph\">\n      在日常生活中，或许你见过有人吃个花生、晒下太阳，皮肤却起了疹子，甚至喘不过气。有的人家里要格外注意清洁，担心水、灰尘、花粉。其实，过敏就是身体免疫系统对本来无害的环境、食物等因素“过度反应”——原本是帮我们防御外来病毒的“哨兵”，却对日常事物“敲响警报”。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-guide-paragraph\">\n      过敏的表现很丰富：有人觉得皮肤瘙痒，有人会流鼻涕打喷嚏，严重时甚至呼吸急促或消化不良。过敏不光是难受，还可能带来生活上的诸多麻烦。例如，红疹发痒影响睡眠，反复鼻塞妨碍专注力，严重过敏甚至会有生命危险。因此，能早发现、早管理，对过敏高风险群体很重要。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 02 特殊人群的过敏风险有哪些？ -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-guide-section\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(110deg, #f6f0ea 0%, #fcfbf8 100%); border-radius: 16px; margin-bottom: 28px;\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-guide-section-title\">\n      02 🤝 哪些人需要格外注意过敏？\n    \u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cul class=\"material-guide-ul\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>婴幼儿和儿童：\u003C/strong>\n        他们的小肠道、皮肤、免疫系统都还在发育。举个例子，有孩子吃鸡蛋、牛奶，脸上就出现红斑和口周肿胀；有的宝宝在春季刚露面就开始揉鼻子、咳嗽。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>孕妇和哺乳期女性：\u003C/strong>\n        怀孕和生产期间，身体的“警报系统”状态比平时微妙。孕妇出现过敏往影响自己，也可能给胎儿带来风险。有妈妈在吃常见感冒药后突发皮疹，既担心药物，又害怕影响宝宝。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>老年人：\u003C/strong>\n        有一位75岁的老年朋友，本身有高血压和糖尿病，近期腹部起了红色丘疹并发痒，医生诊断为湿疹。这一类人群常因免疫“迟钝”或基础病，症状不典型，但背后的危害却不少。（本病例只在此处提及）\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>特殊基础疾病患者：\u003C/strong>\n        比如哮喘或者特应性皮炎的人，更容易因受到花粉、灰尘、某些食物的刺激而复发。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-guide-paragraph\">\n      这些案例说明，特殊人群面临的过敏有其独特之处，不能和普通成年人一概而论。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 03 婴幼儿与儿童：食物过敏的早期识别与预防 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-guide-section\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(110deg, #e3f6f3 0%, #f8fbfd 100%); border-radius: 16px; margin-bottom: 28px;\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-guide-section-title\">\n      03 👶 孩子过敏，家长能提前发现吗？\n    \u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-guide-paragraph\">\n      婴幼儿的免疫系统好比还在“读幼儿园”，面对外界刺激容易反应过度。比如孩子第一次吃鸡蛋发现嘴唇红肿，而有些则是长大点再接触花生时刚开始只是偶尔咳嗽，之后次数变多。这都提示家里的“过敏小探测器”要随时在线。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-guide-paragraph\">\n      \u003Cstrong>早期信号：\u003C/strong>轻微的红疹、偶尔的鼻塞、稀便；持续或反复就要小心了。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul class=\"material-guide-ul\">\n      \u003Cli>引入新食物要“少量—分次—延缓”检测反应。\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>有家族过敏史的孩子，建议记录进食+反应日志。\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>注意哮喘、湿疹的表现，防止发展成更严重的过敏反应。\u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-guide-paragraph\">\n      研究显示，3岁内接触多样食物有助于降低未来过敏风险（Sampson, H. A., 2015, \"Food allergy,\" *JAMA*，313卷，154–164页）。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 04 孕妇与哺乳期女性：安全用药与过敏管理 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-guide-section\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(110deg, #eaf4e7 0%, #fcfbf8 100%); border-radius: 16px; margin-bottom: 28px;\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-guide-section-title\">\n      04 🤰 孕期过敏：药能吃吗？怎么管？\n    \u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-guide-paragraph\">\n      怀孕和哺乳不仅意味着双份营养，更是对用药、饮食管理的考验。其实，并非所有药物对孕妇有害，但遇到过敏表现，如突然皮疹或者呼吸不畅，最安全的办法是立刻暂停用药并咨询医生。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul class=\"material-guide-ul\">\n      \u003Cli>药品选择：详细告知医生过敏史，让医生在药方上专业权衡。\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>自查体征：孕期轻微症状如皮肤发痒，不必慌张，但若出现喉头肿胀、呼吸急促应及时就医。\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>哺乳期：部分药物可通过乳汁影响宝宝，务必经医生同意后服药。\u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-guide-paragraph\">\n      有学者指出，详细记录孕期过敏事件有益于后续母婴管理（Berger, A. M., et al., 2017, \"Managing Allergies during Pregnancy,\" *Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology*, 119卷，22-30页）。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 05 老年人：免疫衰老与多重用药风险 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-guide-section\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(110deg, #ede7f6 0%, #fcfbf8 100%); border-radius: 16px; margin-bottom: 28px;\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-guide-section-title\">\n      05 🧓 老年人过敏，比你想的更复杂\n    \u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-guide-paragraph\">\n      年龄增长会让身体一些功能“变慢变弱”，免疫系统也不例外。老年人过敏症状往不“轰烈”，比如轻微皮疹、偶发瘙痒不易被当回事。但他们一旦反应，就可能诱发更复杂的问题，尤其合并慢性病、长期用药时。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-guide-paragraph\">\n      \u003Cstrong>多重用药：\u003C/strong>多种药物相互作用，增加过敏暴发的风险。比如治高血压、糖尿病、皮肤问题，药品叠加导致身体负担重，反应也更难判断是过敏还是别的副作用。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul class=\"material-guide-ul\">\n      \u003Cli>老年人常见的非典型过敏如胃肠不适、运动耐力下降，别急着归咎于“老了”。\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>发现持续异常症状，应及时带上所有用药单前往医院备案。\u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-guide-paragraph\">\n      专家分析，65岁以上群体的过敏就诊率逐年递增（Miraglia Del Giudice, M., et al., 2018, \"Allergy in the elderly: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management.\", *Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology*, 18期，1-7页）。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 06 特定基础疾病患者的过敏管理 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-guide-section\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(110deg, #f4ebe0 0%, #f8fbf8 100%); border-radius: 16px; margin-bottom: 28px;\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-guide-section-title\">\n      06 💉 患有哮喘、特应性皮炎的人群怎么管过敏？\n    \u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-guide-paragraph\">\n      对于本就哮喘、特应性皮炎的朋友来说，过敏反应往更容易被“激发出来”。例如，哮喘患者在春季花粉高峰时气道变得更加敏感，轻微接触就可能剧烈咳嗽。特应性皮炎患者遇到海鲜、动物毛发等刺激，皮肤会反复发作红肿干痒。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul class=\"material-guide-ul\">\n      \u003Cli>建议家庭备有备用药物，并认真执行医生制定的“共病管理计划”。\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>控制好基础疾病，有助于过敏不发展为严重发作。\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>避免随意停药或重复用药，否则既有病可能反复，过敏更难缠。\u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-guide-paragraph\">\n      研究指出，双重疾病患者的系统性管理能减少急性过敏入院率（Wenzel, S. E., 2012, \"Asthma phenotypes: the evolution from clinical to molecular approaches,\" *Nature Medicine*, 18卷，716-725页）。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 07 过敏的应急处理与日常管理 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-guide-section\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(110deg, #f3f7ec 0%, #eef8f3 100%); border-radius: 16px; margin-bottom: 28px;\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-guide-section-title\">\n      07 🛡 如何科学管理和应对过敏？\n    \u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-guide-paragraph\">\n      过敏虽然让人烦恼，不过管理好其实没那么难。最有效的管理无外乎三步：识别高危，科学预防，紧急时能沉着应对。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Col class=\"material-guide-ol\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>日常管理：\u003C/strong>家中勤通风，及时清理尘螨，选择光面家具和床单，有助减少过敏原。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>饮食建议：\u003C/strong>补充富含益生元的食物（如低糖酸奶、香蕉、全麦）、富含抗氧化成分的新鲜叶菜、水果，如菠菜、蓝莓，帮助肠道和免疫系统发挥“过滤器”作用（Mills, E. N. C., et al., 2016, \"The prevalence, cost and basis of food allergy across Europe,\" *Allergy*, 71卷，1041-1055页）。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>医疗选择：\u003C/strong>出现呼吸困难、喉头紧缩、全身皮疹等急性症状时，立即就近就医，尤其对于有严重过敏反应史的人，高危药品随身携带（如肾上腺素自动注射器等）。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>定期随访：\u003C/strong>高风险人群建议每半年或一年做一次系统评估，既便于调整用药，也能随时掌握身体状态。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ol>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-guide-paragraph\">\n      养成良好的生活和饮食习惯，远比“全靠药物”来得有效。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 结尾自然收束 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-guide-ending\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(110deg, #f6f6f9 0%, #fff 100%); border-radius: 16px; margin-bottom: 18px;\">\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-guide-paragraph\">\n      说到底，过敏虽常见，但识别特殊人群的独特风险才是关键。应对过敏，也不是“谈虎色变”，而是学会识别，科学面对。家里有人有类似情况，不妨和家庭医生聊——少些担忧，多份主动管理，生活会变得更安心踏实。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 参考文献 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-guide-refs\" style=\"padding:16px;\">\n    \u003Ch3 class=\"material-guide-section-title\" style=\"font-size: 18px; margin-top:24px;\">引用文献\u003C/h3>\n    \u003Col class=\"material-guide-ref-ol\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        Sampson, H. A. (2015). Food allergy. \u003Cem>JAMA\u003C/em>, 313(2), 154–164. \u003Ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2088844\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:#3477de\">查看\u003C/a>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Berger, A. M., et al. (2017). Managing Allergies during Pregnancy. \u003Cem>Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology\u003C/em>, 119, 22-30. \n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Miraglia Del Giudice, M., et al. (2018). Allergy in the elderly: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management. \u003Cem>Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology\u003C/em>, 18, 1-7.\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Wenzel, S. E. (2012). Asthma phenotypes: the evolution from clinical to molecular approaches. \u003Cem>Nature Medicine\u003C/em>, 18(5), 716-725.\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Mills, E. N. C., et al. (2016). The prevalence, cost and basis of food allergy across Europe. \u003Cem>Allergy\u003C/em>, 71, 1041-1055.\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ol>\n  \u003C/section>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n.material-guide-overall {\n  font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, 'Microsoft YaHei', sans-serif;\n  color: #222;\n  background: #fdfd;\n  padding: 32px 5% 32px 5%;\n  max-width: 820px;\n  margin: 0 auto;\n  box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\n.material-guide-title {\n  font-size: 32px;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  letter-spacing: 0.5px;\n  margin-bottom: 28px;\n  color: #25486b;\n  text-align: center;\n}\n\n.material-guide-section {\n  padding: 42px 32px 32px 36px;\n  box-shadow: 0px 2px 10px 0px #e9eaf2;\n}\n\n.material-guide-section-title {\n  font-size: 22px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  letter-spacing: 1px;\n  color: #376d42;\n  margin-bottom: 16px;\n  margin-top: 0px;\n}\n\n.material-guide-paragraph {\n  font-size: 17px;\n  line-height: 1.85;\n  margin-bottom: 16px;\n  color: #333;\n}\n\n.material-guide-ul, .material-guide-ol {\n  font-size: 16px;\n  padding-left: 22px;\n  margin-top: 14px;\n  margin-bottom: 14px;\n  color: #3b4651;\n  line-height: 1.8;\n}\n\n.material-guide-ul li {\n  margin-bottom: 9px;\n  font-size:16px;\n}\n\n.material-guide-ol li {\n  margin-bottom: 8px;\n  font-size:16px;\n}\n\n.material-guide-ref-ol {\n  padding-left: 26px;\n  color: #1d2436;\n}\n\n.material-guide-ending {\n  padding: 34px 36px;\n  font-size: 18px;\n  color: #274159;\n  line-height: 2.0;\n  border-left: 4px solid #b2d2cb;\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 700px) {\n  .material-guide-overall {\n    padding: 12px 4px 24px 4px;\n  }\n  .material-guide-title {\n    font-size: 22px;\n    padding: 0 3px;\n  }\n  .material-guide-section {\n    padding: 24px 8px 18px 8px;\n  }\n  .material-guide-paragraph,\n  .material-guide-ul,\n  .material-guide-ol,\n  .material-guide-ending {\n    font-size: 15px;\n    padding:0;\n  }\n}\n\u003C/style>","\u003Cdiv class=\"material-guide-overall\">\n  \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"material-guide-title\">你了解过敏吗？关",544,"2026-03-13 17:25:26","过敏, 特殊人群, 婴幼儿, 孕妇, 老年人, 过敏管理, 食物过敏, 哮喘, 特应性皮炎, 免疫系统, 应急处理","过敏问题日益普遍，特别对婴幼儿、孕妇和老年人构成独特风险。本文提供专业权威的过敏管理和预防指导，助你守护家人健康。阅读后，学会识别、预防和应对！","2026-03-19 21:00:00",[33],{"menuId":34,"menuName":35,"parentId":21,"orderNum":20,"path":36,"component":37,"isFrame":38,"isCache":39,"menuType":40,"visible":41,"status":21,"createDept":6,"remark":23,"createTime":42,"children":43,"columnImage":44,"columnLogo":45,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":41,"isHome":21,"forceLogin":21,"color":46,"seoTitle":47,"seoKeywords":48,"seoDescription":49,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":50,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":51,"routerPath":36,"componentInfo":37},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","过敏性疾病",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":55,"success":53},{"pageNo":41,"pageSize":56,"result":57,"totalSize":21},10,[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":59,"success":53},{"authors":60,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":61},[],[]]