[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fRHtXomzqwn20KDtjjJUxPmQRg_nmSFQfU5gSpUcozpg":8,"$fS4d-QRGFnuLWc-RyCC8Mmj6BaNUhyQUmy-oUNLbyAjk":55,"$fxg6et50r4H5KCZZ7LHz3WOhcBY8vHbOgtWa0EQDMt9o":58},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":54},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":21,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":21,"createTime":28,"seoTitle":22,"seoKeywords":29,"seoDescription":30,"shelvesTime":31,"version":32,"menus":33,"menuId":35,"type":42,"quality":53,"commentCount":21,"isComment":42},81704,863938,[],"https://cdn.yishi-tong.com/console/store-unknown/uF7OMd0P_hB1LaAPsAH23kXFsYY6stA4.png","高大鹏","哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院","麻醉科","副主任医师",10,0,"肾输尿管结石的麻醉应用与科普指南","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/328cfdd7-9a28-4fb5-b94c-75a47b71ebc1.jpg","\u003Cdiv id=\"material_title\" class=\"renal-title\">\n  肾输尿管结石的麻醉应用与科普指南\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Csection class=\"renal-section renal-intro\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"renal-section-bg renal-bg1\">\u003C/div>\n  \u003Ch2 class=\"renal-section-title\">走进生活中的“结石”问题\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"renal-section-content\">\n    \u003Cp>\n      想象一个平静的日子，突然间腰部像被谁狠狠拧了一下，疼痛甚至蔓延到腹股沟，连走几步都觉得难受。这不是普通的腰背劳损，而很可能是肾输尿管结石来“造访”。不少人直到被疼醒，才注意到身体里藏了这样“调皮的小石头”。但结石并不是遥不可及的医学问题，其实，它和饮水习惯、饮食选择、遗传体质密切相关——了解这个常见问题，对守护日常健康来说尤为关键。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/section>\n\n\u003Csection class=\"renal-section renal-signals\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"renal-section-bg renal-bg2\">\u003C/div>\n  \u003Ch2 class=\"renal-section-title\">01 你身体发出的结石信号\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"renal-section-content\">\n    \u003Cp>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"renal-emoji\">🔎\u003C/span>\n      也许刚开始只是偶尔觉得腰部有点堵、轻微隐痛，有些人会误以为是工作太累、休息不好，甚至觉得喝水少而已。但最早的结石信号，通常来得并不那么“扎眼”：可能只是腰部、腹部偶尔不太舒服，或排尿时有些许异样。\u003Cbr />\n      再往后，渐发展到一侧腰腹突然剧烈疼痛，痛感可以放射到腹股沟或外生殖器，仿佛身体里有根“神经绳”被拉紧了。还有的人在尿中偶遇粉红色、红色甚至像茶色的血迹。显然，这些剧烈、持续的变化，已经不是简单的“小不适”。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"renal-emoji\">🚨\u003C/span>\n      有位60岁男性，体型偏胖，本来身体硬朗，突然深夜出现剧烈腰腹绞痛，被家人紧急送到医院检查，发现是肾输尿管结石并合并感染。这个例子再次提示大家，别忽视那些突如其来的明显疼痛和异常血尿，当这些信号出现时，及时就医真的很重要。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/section>\n\n\u003Csection class=\"renal-section renal-causes\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"renal-section-bg renal-bg3\">\u003C/div>\n  \u003Ch2 class=\"renal-section-title\">02 为什么会得肾结石？认识背后的原因\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"renal-section-content\">\n    \u003Cul class=\"renal-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"renal-emoji\">💧\u003C/span> \u003Cstrong>饮水太少：\u003C/strong>水是稀释尿液的“搬运工”。人若常喝得太少，尿液浓缩、矿物质就更容易沉积，形成细小尿路结晶，时间久了，慢长成“石头”。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"renal-emoji\">🥩\u003C/span> \u003Cstrong>饮食结构：\u003C/strong>喜欢高蛋白、高脂肪、含糖饮料的饮食方式，会影响尿液成分（如柠檬酸、草酸等），让结石更易生成。\u003Cspan class=\"renal-note\">（Tasian et al., 2015）\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"renal-emoji\">🧬\u003C/span> \u003Cstrong>家族遗传：\u003C/strong>家里有人曾有肾结石，发生几率就会明显增加。遗传相关因素也参与钙、尿酸、胱氨酸等代谢异常，增加发病机会。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"renal-emoji\">⚖️\u003C/span> \u003Cstrong>疾病影响：\u003C/strong>如痛风、慢性高血钙（甲状旁腺功能异常）、泌尿道感染等，都是结石的常见推手。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"renal-emoji\">🛋️\u003C/span> \u003Cstrong>久坐不动：\u003C/strong>长时间缺少运动，会让骨钙排出变快、尿钙易增加，从而促发“石头”析出。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp>\n      据国际肾脏病研究数据显示，结石的发病率近年来有逐渐走高的趋势，中年人、肥胖、代谢异常都属于易感人群。（Scales et al., 2012）大环境、饮食模式、社会压力，其实暗中也推波助澜。不过，结石多数可以通过改变日常习惯控制风险，主观调整依然重要。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/section>\n\n\u003Csection class=\"renal-section renal-diagnose\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"renal-section-bg renal-bg1\">\u003C/div>\n  \u003Ch2 class=\"renal-section-title\">03 怎么查出肾结石？一次说清！\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"renal-section-content\">\n    \u003Cul class=\"renal-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"renal-emoji\">🩻\u003C/span> \u003Cstrong>B超：\u003C/strong>经济实用，没有侵入性。能发现大多数中等以上的结石，非常适合首诊和随访检查。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"renal-emoji\">📋\u003C/span> \u003Cstrong>CT扫描：\u003C/strong>分辨率高，是查找细小结石的“神器”。对于怀疑感染、输尿管梗阻的患者，意义尤其大。\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"renal-emoji\">🔬\u003C/span> \u003Cstrong>尿液检查：\u003C/strong>可看有无潜血、白细胞等。辅助判断感染、结石释放微粒。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"renal-emoji\">💉\u003C/span> \u003Cstrong>血液化验：\u003C/strong>了解肾功能（如肌酐、尿素氮），看有无高钙、高尿酸等因素。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp>\n      医生会根据症状、检查结果，有层次地做出判断。有明显疼痛加尿血时，一般会及时安排影像学检查，帮助迅速定位病灶。有传染症状，还需联合多项指标，避免遗漏感染并发症。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/section>\n\n\u003Csection class=\"renal-section renal-anaesthesia\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"renal-section-bg renal-bg2\">\u003C/div>\n  \u003Ch2 class=\"renal-section-title\">04 麻醉是如何协助治疗结石的？\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"renal-section-content\">\n    \u003Cp>\n      治疗肾输尿管结石，轻则药物驱石、对症止痛，重则体外冲击波碎石或内镜下手术。手术时，麻醉扮演着关键角色。麻醉不仅能让患者在操作过程中无痛、舒适，更能保证手术期间的安全和生命体征的稳定。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul class=\"renal-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"renal-emoji\">💤\u003C/span> \u003Cstrong>全身麻醉（插管）：\u003C/strong>适合复杂、多颗结石，或需要长时间操作的患者。手术时维持深度镇静，有助于医生细致操作，减少患者不适、减少意外波动。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"renal-emoji\">🛏️\u003C/span> \u003Cstrong>局部/椎管内麻醉：\u003C/strong>小型体外冲击波碎石疗法、部分传统开放取石术可考虑。痛感和意外较少，但若结石多、体位特殊、手术需更细致，则优先全麻。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp>\n      \u003Cstrong>案例分析：\u003C/strong>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"renal-emoji\">👨‍⚕️\u003C/span>\n      前述60岁男性患者，接受了经尿道输尿管软镜左肾结石激光碎石取石+置管术。术中采用全身麻醉插管，医生全程严密监控血压、氧饱和度，术后顺利转入麻醉后监护室。这说明，麻醉医师的参与，对结石患者来说，不仅止痛，更是安全的“守护者”。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp>\n      很多人关心麻醉的副作用，其实现代麻醉药物和监测手段非常成熟，有个人过敏史或特殊疾病时，医生会提前详细评估，降低风险。麻醉后需短期恢复，但绝大部分人很快就能完全苏醒，恢复日常活动。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/section>\n\n\u003Csection class=\"renal-section renal-care\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"renal-section-bg renal-bg3\">\u003C/div>\n  \u003Ch2 class=\"renal-section-title\">05 日常护肾，这样做效果更佳！\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"renal-section-content\">\n    \u003Cul class=\"renal-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"renal-emoji\">🥛\u003C/span> \u003Cstrong>喝足水：\u003C/strong>规律补水（成年人建议每日1500-2000ml白开水），能有效稀释尿液，减少结晶生成，提高身体“自清”能力。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"renal-emoji\">🥗\u003C/span> \u003Cstrong>多吃蔬果：\u003C/strong>如柠檬、橙子、番茄、菠菜等富含柠檬酸的蔬果，能帮助抑制钙盐结晶。餐桌上保持多样颜色，肾脏更舒畅。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"renal-emoji\">🍚\u003C/span> \u003Cstrong>饮食多样：\u003C/strong>主食搭配杂粮，适量鱼、瘦肉、奶类，用“彩虹饮食法”帮助调节体内环境。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"renal-emoji\">🚶\u003C/span> \u003Cstrong>保持运动：\u003C/strong>每周3~4次快步走、游泳、骑行，有助于矿物质正常代谢，减少结晶沉积。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"renal-emoji\">🩺\u003C/span> \u003Cstrong>按时检测：\u003C/strong>40岁后建议2年做一次腹部B超、肾功能检查。有家族史或反复结石者，更要重视定期体检。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"renal-emoji\">🏥\u003C/span> \u003Cstrong>手术后监护：\u003C/strong>手术麻醉后，留意短期内有无恶心、乏力，按照医生医嘱恢复饮食和活动量。恢复早期不要剧烈运动。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp>\n      简单来说，保持饮食均衡和活动适度，是预防结石和围术期健康管理的基础。出现明显腰腹疼痛、尿中见血等情况时，应及时到正规医院泌尿外科就诊，由专业团队评估诊治，不建议自行盲目用药。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/section>\n\n\u003Csection class=\"renal-section renal-end\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"renal-section-bg renal-bg1\">\u003C/div>\n  \u003Ch2 class=\"renal-section-title\">结语\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"renal-section-content\">\n    \u003Cp>\n      结石其实是身体发给我们的“信号弹”。及时留意身体的微小变化，科学管理饮食和体重，学会与医生、麻醉团队合作应对病情，是现代健康生活的基本功。与其等小石头闹大，不如平日就“灌溉”肾脏，用点心，健康其实很简单。任何疑问，及时咨询专业人员，比什么都靠谱。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/section>\n\n\u003Csection class=\"renal-section renal-ref\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"renal-section-bg renal-bg3\">\u003C/div>\n  \u003Ch2 class=\"renal-section-title\">参考文献\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"renal-section-content\">\n    \u003Col class=\"renal-ref-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        Scales, C. D., Jr, Smith, A. C., Hanley, J. M., & Saigal, C. S. (2012). Prevalence of kidney stones in the United States. European Urology, 62(1), 160-165.\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Tasian, G. E., Ross, M. E., Song, L., & et al. (2015). The impact of dietary oxalate on urinary stone formation. Journal of Urology, 193(6), 2076-2080.\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        AUA (American Urological Association). (2016). Medical Management of Kidney Stones: AUA Guideline. American Urological Association.\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ol>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/section>\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n.renal-title {\n  font-size: 38px;\n  color: #2b3a4b;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  letter-spacing: 2px;\n  margin-top: 40px;\n  margin-bottom: 40px;\n  text-align: center;\n  line-height: 1.2;\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg,#dbeafe 0%,#f9fafb 100%);\n  border-radius: 16px;\n  padding: 28px 0;\n  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(70,92,128,0.09);\n  position: relative;\n  z-index: 1;\n}\n\n.renal-section {\n  margin: 32px auto 0 auto;\n  position: relative;\n  max-width: 820px;\n  padding: 30px 24px 26px 24px;\n  border-radius: 16px;\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px 0 rgba(63,80,109,0.07);\n  background: #fff;\n  overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n.renal-section-bg {\n  position: absolute;\n  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;\n  border-radius: 16px;\n  z-index: 0;\n  pointer-events: none;\n}\n.renal-bg1 {\n  background: linear-gradient(120deg,#edf5fa 0%,#fafaff 100%);\n  opacity: 0.53;\n}\n.renal-bg2 {\n  background: linear-gradient(135deg,#f0f4e2 10%,#f8f8f8 90%);\n  opacity: 0.53;\n}\n.renal-bg3 {\n  background: linear-gradient(135deg,#f5f5e4 0%,#f9fafb 100%);\n  opacity: 0.53;\n}\n\n.renal-section-title {\n  font-size: 26px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #3a4353;\n  letter-spacing: 1px;\n  margin-bottom: 18px;\n  position: relative;\n  z-index: 1;\n  background: none;\n}\n\n.renal-section-content {\n  position: relative;\n  z-index: 1;\n  font-size: 17px;\n  color: #233045;\n  line-height: 1.80;\n}\n\n.renal-section-content strong {\n  color: #395fa6;\n}\n\n.renal-list {\n  margin-bottom: 14px;\n  padding-left: 2em;\n}\n.renal-list li {\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\n  font-size: 17px;\n  line-height: 1.7;\n  position: relative;\n  padding-left: 0;\n}\n\n.renal-emoji {\n  font-size: 1.18em;\n  vertical-align: middle;\n  margin-right: 5px;\n}\n\n.renal-note {\n  font-size: 14px;\n  color: #928559;\n  margin-left: 6px;\n  font-style: italic;\n}\n\n.renal-ref-list {\n  padding-left: 1em;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  color: #52607a;\n}\n.renal-ref-list li {\n  margin-bottom: 11px;\n  text-indent: -1.1em;\n  padding-left: 1.2em;\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 1024px) {\n  .renal-section, .renal-title {\n    max-width: 98%;\n    padding-left: 10px;\n    padding-right: 10px;\n  }\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 720px) {\n  .renal-title {\n    font-size: 26px;\n    padding: 16px 0;\n    margin-top: 24px;\n    margin-bottom: 22px;\n  }\n  .renal-section {\n    font-size: 95%;\n    padding: 20px 7px 15px 7px;\n    margin-top: 24px;\n  }\n  .renal-section-title {\n    font-size: 20px;\n    margin-bottom: 11px;\n  }\n  .renal-section-content {\n    font-size: 15px;\n  }\n}\n\u003C/style>","\u003Cdiv id=\"material_title\" class=\"renal-title\">\n  肾输尿管结石的麻醉应用与科普指南\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Csection class=\"renal-secti",575,"2026-03-11 17:31:26","肾输尿管结石, 结石症状, 麻醉治疗, 健康饮食, 预防肾结石","了解肾输尿管结石的信号、成因及治疗方法，掌握预防技巧，助力健康生活。适合所有关注肾脏健康的人群，及时行动，守护健康！","2026-03-17 09:00:00",2,[34],{"menuId":35,"menuName":36,"parentId":21,"orderNum":32,"path":37,"component":38,"isFrame":39,"isCache":40,"menuType":41,"visible":42,"status":21,"createDept":6,"remark":23,"createTime":43,"children":44,"columnImage":45,"columnLogo":46,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":42,"isHome":21,"forceLogin":21,"color":47,"seoTitle":48,"seoKeywords":49,"seoDescription":50,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":51,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":52,"routerPath":37,"componentInfo":38},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","高发轻症",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":56,"success":54},{"pageNo":42,"pageSize":20,"result":57,"totalSize":21},[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":59,"success":54},{"authors":60,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":61},[],[]]