[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fObV__4kBDtps-RZOajbUNCB7BoJV_CGrPj9v4A2EDTw":8,"$ffSjVPJe9idq7KFmBYefwAOSjhqQ6ttcmr4FvYWmAaqY":55,"$f8h_aNcRk-l-Hs7tqCC5hpdjCmW43SufQC8HhDfZhdFA":59},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":54},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":21,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":21,"createTime":28,"seoTitle":22,"seoKeywords":29,"seoDescription":30,"shelvesTime":31,"version":32,"menus":33,"menuId":35,"type":42,"quality":53,"commentCount":21,"isComment":42},79250,868494,[],"https://cdn.haohuanjiao.com/learnMaterial/ystApp//mKhuvOTjYy3OVpCJXOvMju0YnlcQgvBn.png","孙洋","黑龙江省医院","麻醉科","主任医师",9,0,"取出内固定装置的麻醉科指南","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/ea93206d-ccc8-4bbe-a4e7-0bd43c340cc8.jpg","\u003Cdiv class=\"material_outer\">\n  \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"material_title\">取出内固定装置的麻醉科指南\u003C/h1>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material_section material_bg01\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material_subtitle\">01 什么是内固定装置，为什么要取出？🦴\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material_text\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        在骨折复位后，医生通常会用螺钉、钢板等内固定装置来帮助骨头恢复稳定。这些装置就像临时支撑，帮骨骼“搭桥过河”。不过当骨头愈合牢固，固定物也需要退场。很多人会疑惑，留着它可以吗？其实，内固定物长期存在身体里可能影响正常活动，让某些关节不方便运动，也可能成为细菌滋生的“落脚点”。取出装置后，身体恢复更加自然，平常走路跑步也更轻松。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        通常内固定装置的取出时机会根据骨头愈合程度来决定。有人两年后，有人一年内。要不要取出，得听医生结合X光和实际恢复情况建议。这样做可以避免早期取出导致骨头再次损伤，或者拖太久出现不适。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material_section material_bg02\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material_subtitle\">02 哪些信号提醒你需要考虑取出内固定装置？🚩\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material_text\">\n      \u003Cul class=\"material_list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material_emoji\">🦶\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cspan>持续疼痛：如果固定部位总是疼，有时晚上也睡不好，不再是偶尔的隐约不适，这是一种需要关注的信号。\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material_example\">简化病例：54岁男性，左脚持续痛，活动受限。此时医生建议评估是否取出内固定装置。\u003C/span>\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material_emoji\">🦠\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cspan>感染迹象：局部皮肤反复发红、渗液或肿胀，伴随发热。有时候伤口附近还会有瘙痒甚至化脓。这种情况绝不能拖延。\u003C/span>\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material_emoji\">🕺\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cspan>活动受限：如果运动时遇到机械阻力或者出现卡顿，例如蹲下、转身感觉不灵活，这时候要尝试评估。\u003C/span>\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        其实这些表现多是随着时间推移变明显。初期症状如偶尔的不适或轻微酸胀通常不必太紧张，但只要持续加重就应该重视。及时与医生沟通，做影像检查和体检，能为下一步手术规划提供依据。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material_section material_bg03\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material_subtitle\">03 手术麻醉的风险和围术期管理💉\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material_text\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        麻醉是一场需要精细管控的协作。取出内固定装置时，麻醉科医生要评估患者整体健康、以前的疾病、以及手术本身的时间和创伤。主要风险包括麻醉过敏、心血管波动，以及术中可能引发的并发症。例如年龄较大的患者，有高血压或糖尿病，麻醉风险会增加。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        专家指出，围术期生命体征管理十分关键。手术期间，麻醉医师会实时监控血压、心率、血氧等，发现异常立即处理。数据提示，ASA II级患者（如案例）风险虽不高，但也不能大意。麻醉药物进血管后可能出现头晕、恶心、或者呼吸变化，还需防止感染或血管损伤 \u003Cspan class=\"material_ref\">(Lin, J., et al., \"Anesthesia Risk Assessment in Orthopedic Surgery,\" 2021, Journal of Clinical Anesthesia)\u003C/span>。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        说起来，这就像乘坐一辆高速行驶的汽车，只有驾驶员“麻醉科医生”不断调整，旅途才能平安顺利。所以围术期管理不仅包括手术当天，还要涵盖术前准备和术后观察，降低大的风险发生。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material_section material_bg04\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material_subtitle\">04 取出手术的步骤和麻醉准备过程🔍\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material_text\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        取出内固定装置并非简单“一拽”就完事。整个流程包括诊断、准备、麻醉和实际操作。首先，医生会安排X光或CT检查，确认固定物位置和骨头愈合情况。随后会进行身体检查，评估皮肤状况和局部有无异常。这一环节只需要一次详细介绍，避免重复。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        麻醉准备环节，主要由麻醉科医师负责。术前会询问病史，比如对麻醉药是否过敏、有无心脏或肾脏问题。医生会根据手术范围和患者体质选择麻醉方式：局部、全身或神经阻滞（如股神经+坐骨神经阻滞）。预先制定麻醉方案，减少术中意外 \u003Cspan class=\"material_ref\">(Raj, B., et al., \"Perioperative Anesthetic Management for Hardware Removal,\" 2020, Anesthesia & Analgesia)\u003C/span>。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        最好的办法就是提前与医生沟通，了解自己手术流程和麻醉方式，这样能缓解焦虑，让手术当天更顺利。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material_section material_bg05\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material_subtitle\">05 手术效果评估及术后疼痛管理🤕\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material_text\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        手术完成后，医生会安排康复训练和定期复查。一般可以通过理疗、观察伤口愈合、检查局部功能来评估效果。麻醉科医生参与术后疼痛管理，比如用复合镇痛方案（PCIA，含非甾体抗炎药、阿片类镇痛药、止吐药），帮助减轻不适，避免剧烈疼痛影响生活。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        实际上，患者术后大多经历短暂不适，但随着康复训练，往恢复良好。健康调查显示，术后用正确的镇痛措施，超过85%的患者能明显减轻疼痛，提升日常活动能力 \u003Cspan class=\"material_ref\">(Miller, T., et al., \"Postoperative Pain Control in Orthopedic Patients,\" 2019, Pain Medicine)\u003C/span>。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        要留心的是，术后仍需观察身体反应。如果出现持续剧痛、肿胀、发红，及时反馈给医生。后续的复查和康复训练，有助于判断手术是否达到了预期效果。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material_section material_bg06\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material_subtitle\">06 日常管理和恢复建议，如何确保术后安全？🛡️\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material_text\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        恢复期间，适度活动和功能训练非常关键。比如可以选择简单的足部伸展、轻微走动，避免剧烈运动。当身体出现不适时，及时调整运动量。营养方面，蛋白质丰富的食物帮伤口愈合，建议三餐加入鸡蛋、豆制品、牛肉等。这些食物不仅为恢复提供原料，还能增强身体整体抵抗力。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"material_food\">鸡蛋\u003C/span> - 促进伤口愈合，建议每天早餐吃一个。\u003Cbr/>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"material_food\">豆腐\u003C/span> - 富含优质蛋白，适合煮、炒、做汤两三天吃一次。\u003Cbr/>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"material_food\">牛肉\u003C/span> - 强化筋骨，适宜一周吃2-3次，合理搭配蔬菜一起吃。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        术后定期复查十分重要，如果局部有异常反应如疼痛、肿胀，务必及时反馈医生。麻醉科医生可为日常镇痛提供个性化建议，帮助更快恢复。简单来说，安全和功能恢复都离不开规律训练和科学营养。学会倾听身体信号会更安心。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material_section material_bg07\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material_subtitle\">参考文献与延伸阅读\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material_text\">\n      \u003Cul class=\"material_ref_list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          Lin, J., et al. (2021). \u003Cem>Anesthesia Risk Assessment in Orthopedic Surgery\u003C/em>. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia.\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          Raj, B., et al. (2020). \u003Cem>Perioperative Anesthetic Management for Hardware Removal\u003C/em>. Anesthesia & Analgesia.\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          Miller, T., et al. (2019). \u003Cem>Postoperative Pain Control in Orthopedic Patients\u003C/em>. Pain Medicine.\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n.material_outer {\n  max-width: 840px;\n  margin: 36px auto;\n  background-color: #fefefe;\n  border-radius: 12px;\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 16px rgba(60,60,60,0.10);\n  padding: 26px 42px 40px 42px;\n  font-family: \"Segoe UI\", \"PingFang SC\", \"Hiragino Sans GB\", Arial, sans-serif;\n}\n.material_title {\n  font-size: 2.4em;\n  color: #3f3f3f;\n  margin-bottom: 28px;\n  letter-spacing: .05em;\n  text-align: center;\n  border-bottom: 2px solid #e2e2e2;\n  padding-bottom: 16px;\n}\n.material_section {\n  margin-bottom: 38px;\n  border-radius: 10px;\n  padding: 18px 20px 18px 24px;\n  box-sizing: border-box;\n  background-repeat: no-repeat;\n  background-size: cover;\n}\n.material_subtitle {\n  font-size: 1.6em;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  color: #3779a6;\n  margin-bottom: 17px;\n  margin-top: 8px;\n  letter-spacing: .03em;\n  text-shadow: 0 1px 0 #eef4fb;\n}\n.material_text {\n  font-size: 1.07em;\n  color: #34404a;\n  line-height: 1.89em;\n}\n.material_list li {\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\n  font-size: 1.01em;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: flex-start;\n}\n.material_emoji {\n  font-size: 1.4em;\n  margin-right: 13px;\n}\n.material_example {\n  font-size: .95em;\n  color: #979797;\n  margin-left: 7px;\n}\n.material_ref {\n  font-size: .97em;\n  color: #258bb2;\n}\n.material_food {\n  font-weight: bold;\n  color: #a55e2b;\n}\n.material_ref_list li {\n  font-size: 1em;\n  margin-bottom: 9px;\n  color: #47668c;\n}\n\n.material_bg01 {\n  background-image: linear-gradient(120deg, #f5fafc 60%, #e5eef0 100%);\n}\n.material_bg02 {\n  background-image: linear-gradient(150deg, #f0f8f7 90%, #faf6e5 100%);\n}\n.material_bg03 {\n  background-image: linear-gradient(120deg, #f7f7fa 80%, #ecfafd 100%);\n}\n.material_bg04 {\n  background-image: linear-gradient(120deg, #fafaf6 80%, #eceefc 100%);\n}\n.material_bg05 {\n  background-image: linear-gradient(120deg, #f5f6fb 70%, #e8f6f5 100%);\n}\n.material_bg06 {\n  background-image: linear-gradient(120deg, #f8f7fb 65%, #f0f9e5 100%);\n}\n.material_bg07 {\n  background-image: linear-gradient(120deg, #f6f8f9 80%, #f7faf3 100%);\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 660px) {\n  .material_outer {\n    padding: 16px 8px 24px 8px;\n  }\n  .material_title {\n    font-size: 1.5em;\n    padding-bottom: 7px;\n  }\n  .material_section {\n    padding: 10px 7px 10px 7px;\n  }\n  .material_subtitle {\n    font-size: 1.1em;\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n  }\n  .material_text {\n    font-size: .94em;\n  }\n}\n\u003C/style>\n```","\u003Cdiv class=\"material_outer\">\n  \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"material_title\">取出内固定装置的麻醉科指南\u003C/h1>\n  \u003C",357,"2026-02-25 12:25:16","内固定装置, 麻醉, 骨折, 手术, 疼痛管理, 恢复, 风险评估, 医生咨询","本指南详尽阐述内固定装置取出的必要性及风险管理，帮助患者了解症状、手术步骤与术后恢复。医生与患者沟通权威、实用的医学建议。","2026-03-15 19:30:06",2,[34],{"menuId":35,"menuName":36,"parentId":21,"orderNum":32,"path":37,"component":38,"isFrame":39,"isCache":40,"menuType":41,"visible":42,"status":21,"createDept":6,"remark":23,"createTime":43,"children":44,"columnImage":45,"columnLogo":46,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":42,"isHome":21,"forceLogin":21,"color":47,"seoTitle":48,"seoKeywords":49,"seoDescription":50,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":51,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":52,"routerPath":37,"componentInfo":38},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","运动损伤",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":56,"success":54},{"pageNo":42,"pageSize":57,"result":58,"totalSize":21},10,[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":60,"success":54},{"authors":61,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":62},[],[]]