[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$f2wT_tZO1P7fohaOxcLiRfyQfDSaimabjytjp4ZgAqdg":8,"$fcZLlMz2bDTHFoPfACqyDbHNf4VqvBTSNG9J2IJzuZ2c":55,"$fyWzk_5sMgpUa0aPcT_YZfx_Uefd-0l5uuBgeP4azp5k":59},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":54},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":21,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":21,"createTime":28,"seoTitle":22,"seoKeywords":29,"seoDescription":30,"shelvesTime":31,"version":32,"menus":33,"menuId":35,"type":42,"quality":53,"commentCount":21,"isComment":42},74193,867740,[],"https://cdn.yishi-tong.com/console/store-unknown/uF7OMd0P_hB1LaAPsAH23kXFsYY6stA4.png","柏智刚","哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院","耳鼻咽喉科","副主任医师",22,0,"过敏相关的特殊人群：识别与管理高风险群体的科普指南","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/d96b73e7-3271-4bf8-80ff-9357efded312.jpg","\u003Cdiv class=\"allergy-material-main\">\n  \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"allergy-material-title\">过敏相关的特殊人群：识别与管理高风险群体的科普指南\u003C/h1>\n  \n  \u003C!-- 01 过敏风险特殊人群概述 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"allergy-section allergy-intro-section\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"allergy-section-bg\">\u003C/div>\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"allergy-section-title\">01 谁属于过敏高风险？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"allergy-section-body\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        有些人打个喷嚏只是感冒，有些人却因为身上的“小麻烦”反复不适。其实，过敏和普通不适不太一样，尤其对部分群体来说——就像公园里年幼的孩子、孕妈妈、白发老人，还有带着特殊疾病的人，他们对“小小的过敏原”会更加敏感，这背后和身体状态息相关。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        研究显示，婴幼儿的免疫系统正处在成长阶段，孕妇因为激素波动，老年人因免疫减弱，再加上哮喘、特应性皮炎等慢性病患者，面对环境和食物中的刺激时，更容易踩到“过敏雷区”。过敏，对这些群体来说，不只是皮肤瘙痒、流鼻涕那么简单，其后果有时会影响生活质量，甚至带来健康隐患\u003Cspan class=\"emoji\">🔍\u003C/span>（Frew, 2018）。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        所以，识别高风险人群，是预防和管理过敏的关键起点，这不仅关心到他们自己，也关系到家庭的每一天。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 02 婴幼儿与儿童的过敏管理 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"allergy-section allergy-kids-section\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"allergy-section-bg\">\u003C/div>\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"allergy-section-title\">02 婴幼儿、儿童：过敏“小卫士”尚在成长\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"allergy-section-body\">\n      \u003Cul class=\"allergy-point-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"allergy-point-title\">免疫系统发育不全：\u003C/span>孩子出生后，抵御外界物质的“免疫小卫士”其实还在学习如何分辨“敌我”。有些孩子一碰上奶类、鸡蛋等食物，或者花粉、尘螨，就容易出现皮疹、红斑或者轻微肿胀。\u003Cspan class=\"emoji\">👶\u003C/span>\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"allergy-point-title\">家族遗传影响：\u003C/span>如果爸爸妈妈中任何一方有过敏史，孩子可能“继承”了更敏感的体质，研究也表明家族史会让婴幼儿湿疹和哮喘风险增加（Sicherer & Sampson, 2014）。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"allergy-point-title\">早期异常信号：\u003C/span>有些小宝宝吃奶后偶尔轻咳、出一点湿疹，家长容易忽视，但这可能是免疫系统在“过度反应”。比如，一位2岁小男孩，添加鸡蛋辅食时，脸上出现红点，一会儿又消失。这个看似不起眼的反应，往提示着早期的食物过敏苗头。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        管理建议方面，科学的喂养节奏很重要。母乳喂养6个月是国际共识；添加辅食时，每种新食物至少间隔3天，方便观察是否有过敏表现。但不建议家长盲目延后食物引入，反而可能增加过敏概率。日常要留心孩子的皮疹、肚子不舒服等信号，有不明表现及时咨询医生。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 03 孕妇与哺乳期女性的过敏风险 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"allergy-section allergy-pregnant-section\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"allergy-section-bg\">\u003C/div>\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"allergy-section-title\">03 孕妇与哺乳期女性的过敏小插曲\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"allergy-section-body\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        怀孕和哺乳这两个阶段，女人的身体可以说“风吹草动都敏感几分”。首先，激素波动会让原本压制的过敏反应有机会悄然浮现——比如有的人怀孕前没有花粉过敏，但在怀孕后突发打喷嚏或皮肤瘙痒。一些旧有的哮喘或湿疹，也会因为孕激素影响而变得更频繁。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        用药方面，孕期不能随便用抗过敏药。有医生会优先推荐局部药物，比如鼻喷剂等，内服药要严格评估利弊。选择前，一定先和医生沟通！此外，一些调查发现，如果妈妈孕期吸烟、摄入牛奶蛋白含量高，反而会增加胎儿未来发生湿疹风险（Sicherer & Sampson, 2018）。\u003Cspan class=\"emoji\">🤰\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        日常建议方面，孕期过敏问题别硬扛，比如皮肤搔痒或频繁流鼻涕，及时就医；而妈妈如果本身就有过敏史，建议哺乳期饮食均衡，跟随医生指导慢尝试新食物，不需要无理由忌口。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 04 老年人的过敏特征与管理 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"allergy-section allergy-elderly-section\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"allergy-section-bg\">\u003C/div>\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"allergy-section-title\">04 老年人：“迟来的反应”不容小视\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"allergy-section-body\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        过敏在人到暮年时有时来的更隐蔽。免疫系统逐渐“变懒”，有时候反应变迟钝。比如，有位71岁的女士，近一个月持续鼻塞、流清水鼻涕，最初以为是感冒，但持续加重，最终检查发现是过敏性鼻炎。更麻烦的是，老年人还经常合并高血压、糖尿病等慢性病，治疗上需要考虑用药相互作用\u003Cspan class=\"emoji\">💊\u003C/span>。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        老年人的过敏信号经常“不走寻常路”：比如皮肤变干、反复抓挠、偶尔喘气、鼻子堵塞，不一定会有明显的红肿、瘙痒。多种药物一起用时，容易混淆药物不良反应和过敏症状。此外，年龄增长带来的器官代谢变慢，使部分药物残留体内时间变长，比如抗组胺药物容易造成头晕、困乏，要格外小心。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        对于老年人来说，规范用药特别关键，一旦出现持续鼻塞、皮肤抓挠或莫名气喘，尤其伴随已有慢性病，要尽早找专科医生明确原因，避免自己随便用药。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 05 患有特定基础疾病人群的过敏管理 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"allergy-section allergy-chronic-section\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"allergy-section-bg\">\u003C/div>\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"allergy-section-title\">05 慢性病患者：过敏“搭档”的挑战\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"allergy-section-body\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        如果本身有哮喘、特应性皮炎等慢性病，过敏很容易趁虚而入。有医学资料显示，哮喘病友接触到花粉、尘螨等，可能很快出现呼吸紧迫、夜间咳嗽；特应性皮炎患者皮肤本就脆弱，遇到无害的小尘灰、汗液刺激，易反复闹瘙痒，甚至影响休息（Kanani et al., 2019）。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cul class=\"allergy-point-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"allergy-point-title\">环境因素：\u003C/span>潮湿、灰尘多的房间、宠物毛发、强烈气味、甚至新装修材料里的化学成分都是常见过敏触发点。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"allergy-point-title\">共病管理：\u003C/span>慢性病患者常需长期用药，例如激素、免疫调节剂，这会让身体对其他外来物质分辨能力下降，导致症状更复杂。有些人容易同时被多种过敏“盯上”。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"allergy-point-title\">多学科合作：\u003C/span>管理策略往需呼吸科、皮肤科、营养科等多方协作，量身定制日常生活建议，提高生活质量。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        建议哮喘和皮炎患者科学记录发作情况，找医生做过敏原检测，同时不要随意停药。必要时与营养师沟通饮食结构调整，利于减轻过敏负担。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 06 高风险群体的过敏预防与应急处理 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"allergy-section allergy-prevention-section\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"allergy-section-bg\">\u003C/div>\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"allergy-section-title\">06 高风险人群，如何科学避免过敏？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"allergy-section-body\">\n      \u003Cul class=\"allergy-point-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"allergy-point-title\">饮食搭配：\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"emoji\">🥗\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cspan>均衡膳食有助于免疫系统平衡。推荐多选择富含维C的蔬菜（如西兰花、橙子，维C有助于抗氧化）、含优质蛋白的鱼类（如深海鱼，可促进免疫细胞修复）及富含膳食纤维的全谷食物（如燕麦、糙米，利于肠道健康）。\u003C/span>\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"allergy-point-title\">规律生活：\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cspan>充足睡眠能够修复身体防线，适当锻炼利于身体整体调节。有慢性病的朋友，建议专科医生指导下制定锻炼计划。\u003C/span>\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"allergy-point-title\">环境调整：\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cspan>日常保持居室通风、减少灰尘，选用低致敏性的日用品。勤换洗床单枕套，减少过敏原积聚。\u003C/span>\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"allergy-point-title\">随身物品备齐：\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cspan>如果有重度过敏史（如急性喉头水肿），出门记得携带医生建议的急救药物。\u003C/span>\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"allergy-point-title\">应急处理：\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cspan>当出现呼吸急促、全身瘙痒等严重反应时，建议立即呼叫120或就近到正规医院急诊处理。\u003C/span>\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"allergy-point-title\">定期复查：\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cspan>高风险群体最好建立家庭健康档案，每年例行一次过敏原检测，慢性病患者遵医嘱定期体检。\u003C/span>\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        简单来讲，平时注意身体的小变化，合理饮食休息，科学用药，遇到反常症状别逞强，及时求医就是最实用的方案。\u003Cspan class=\"emoji\">😊\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n  \n  \u003C!-- 参考文献 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"allergy-section allergy-ref-section\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"allergy-section-bg\">\u003C/div>\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"allergy-section-title\">引用文献\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cul class=\"allergy-ref-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        Frew, A. J. (2018). \"Allergic disorders: Current challenges and future prospects.\" British Medical Bulletin, 127(1), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldy021\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Sicherer, S. H., & Sampson, H. A. (2014). \"Food allergy: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.\" Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 133(2), 291–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.020\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Sicherer, S. H., & Sampson, H. A. (2018). \"Managing Food Allergy in Children and Adults.\" JAMA, 318(23), 2349–2358. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.19540\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Kanani, A., Schellenberg, R., & Warrington, R. (2019). \"Allergies, asthma, and atopic dermatitis in older adults.\" Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, 15(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-019-0389-z\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n  \u003C/section>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n.allergy-material-main {\n  font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;\n  background-color: #f7faf7;\n  color: #263238;\n  max-width: 820px;\n  margin: 42px auto 20px auto;\n  border-radius: 24px;\n  box-shadow: 0 6px 30px rgba(80,110,100,0.07);\n  padding: 44px 36px 42px 36px;\n  box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n.allergy-material-title {\n  font-size: 2.4em;\n  text-align: center;\n  color: #3e895f;\n  margin-bottom: 36px;\n  line-height: 1.3;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  letter-spacing: 2px;\n  position: relative;\n}\n.allergy-section {\n  position: relative;\n  margin-bottom: 58px;\n  padding: 34px 26px 28px 26px;\n  border-radius: 16px;\n  background-color: #ffffff;\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(180,200,160,0.06);\n}\n\n.allergy-section-bg {\n  position: absolute;\n  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;\n  border-radius: 16px;\n  z-index: 0;\n  background: linear-gradient(120deg,rgba(180,224,189,0.11) 0%,rgba(246,250,244,0.38) 100%);\n  /* 不同部分不同色调 */\n}\n.allergy-intro-section .allergy-section-bg {\n  background: linear-gradient(122deg,#e0f4ea 0%,rgba(254,254,251,0.17) 100%);\n}\n.allergy-kids-section .allergy-section-bg {\n  background: linear-gradient(122deg,rgba(233,246,229,0.59) 0%,rgba(230,246,252,0.18) 100%);\n}\n.allergy-pregnant-section .allergy-section-bg {\n  background: linear-gradient(123deg,#ffe9f3 0%,#eff6e9 100%);\n}\n.allergy-elderly-section .allergy-section-bg {\n  background: linear-gradient(126deg,#eaeaf8 0%,#f5fbea 100%);\n}\n.allergy-chronic-section .allergy-section-bg {\n  background: linear-gradient(126deg,#e3ecf2 0%,#faf6e9 100%);\n}\n.allergy-prevention-section .allergy-section-bg {\n  background: linear-gradient(123deg,#f8fdea 0%,#eaf7f9 100%);\n}\n.allergy-ref-section .allergy-section-bg {\n  background: linear-gradient(126deg,#e9f4ef 0%,rgba(225,237,254,0.13) 100%);\n}\n.allergy-section-title {\n  color: #39b470;\n  font-size: 1.7em;\n  margin-bottom: 20px;\n  position: relative;\n  z-index: 1;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  letter-spacing: 1px;\n}\n.allergy-section-body {\n  font-size: 1.18em;\n  line-height: 1.84;\n  color: #263238;\n  position: relative;\n  z-index: 2;\n}\n.emoji {\n  font-size: 1.20em;\n  vertical-align: middle;\n  display: inline-block;\n  line-height: 1;\n}\n.allergy-point-list {\n  margin: 0 0 16px 0;\n  padding-left: 25px;\n  list-style-type: disc;\n}\n.allergy-point-title {\n  font-weight: 500;\n  color: #51855e;\n}\n.allergy-ref-list {\n  font-size: 1em;\n  line-height: 1.65;\n  color: #607d8b;\n  margin-left: 10px;\n  padding-left: 0;\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n  .allergy-material-main {\n    padding: 18px 6px 20px 6px;\n    max-width: 97%;\n  }\n  .allergy-section {\n    padding: 16px 6px 14px 6px;\n    margin-bottom: 38px;\n  }\n}\n\u003C/style>","\u003Cdiv class=\"allergy-material-main\">\n  \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"allergy-material-title\">过敏相关的特殊",586,"2025-11-26 01:59:32","过敏, 高风险人群, 婴幼儿过敏, 孕妇过敏, 老年人过敏, 慢性病患者, 过敏管理, 预防过敏","本文提供高风险人群过敏的识别与管理指南，深入分析婴幼儿、孕妇、老年人及慢性病患者的过敏风险，旨在提升生活质量和健康安全。","2026-01-02 19:00:00",2,[34],{"menuId":35,"menuName":36,"parentId":21,"orderNum":32,"path":37,"component":38,"isFrame":39,"isCache":40,"menuType":41,"visible":42,"status":21,"createDept":6,"remark":23,"createTime":43,"children":44,"columnImage":45,"columnLogo":46,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":42,"isHome":21,"forceLogin":21,"color":47,"seoTitle":48,"seoKeywords":49,"seoDescription":50,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":51,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":52,"routerPath":37,"componentInfo":38},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","慢性病,过敏性疾病",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":56,"success":54},{"pageNo":42,"pageSize":57,"result":58,"totalSize":21},10,[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":60,"success":54},{"authors":61,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":62},[],[]]