[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$faphfu2rmr0TyUzvZzekfhhXT2X_R8YzYpWkNFRe9Zt0":8,"$fqLk7dOHSk4T8AsCHhcBWUwj09adTNYmlv52jg08EhNw":55,"$f8Dv7Vkkt3TKezejfZrl2iLNywXlEm_ifWgcDDduxSlc":59},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":54},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":21,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":21,"createTime":28,"seoTitle":22,"seoKeywords":29,"seoDescription":30,"shelvesTime":31,"version":32,"menus":33,"menuId":35,"type":42,"quality":53,"commentCount":21,"isComment":42},67613,867176,[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/medical/ystApp/tAhyIgzIfSNafg1v08kr9BObglrDB90I.png","李鹏","晋中市第三人民医院","肿瘤科","主治医师",234,0,"升结肠癌：你需要了解的重要信息","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/a60b2630-4cdb-445b-9a3a-e3f822bf2196.jpg","\u003Cdiv class=\"material-guide-content\">\n  \u003Ch2 align=\"center\" style=\"margin-top:12.6000pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:6.3000pt;\nmargin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(238,238,238);\nmso-border-bottom-alt:0.5000pt solid rgb(238,238,238);padding:0pt 0pt 8pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\ntext-align:center;\">\u003Cb>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(44, 62, 80); letter-spacing: 1.2pt; font-size: 27pt;\">升结肠癌：你需要了解的重要信息\u003C/span>\u003C/b>\u003Cb>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(44, 62, 80); letter-spacing: 1.2pt; font-size: 27pt;\">\u003Co:p>\u003C/o:p>\u003C/span>\u003C/b>\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-guide-intro\">\n    \u003Cp>\n      假如你的亲人最近饭量减少、人一直瘦下来，还总爱喊累，也许不少人会认为是年纪大了，身体的毛病在作怪，很少立即想到肠道肿瘤。不过，身体的一些小变化其实可能藏着大健康风险。今天，我们就来聊聊升结肠癌——那种常被忽视，但并不罕见的大肠癌类型。掌握这里的信息，也许能为自己或家人增加一道保障。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003C!-- 01 升结肠癌的定义与现象描述 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-guide-section guide-bg1\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-guide-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">01 升结肠癌是什么？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-guide-body\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        升结肠是指大肠中从右下腹向上延伸的小段，有点像人体肠道的“高速干道”。升结肠癌，就是这个部位长出的恶性肿瘤。大多数升结肠癌属于腺癌，也就是肠壁里产生黏液的细胞不正常地长出来的坏东西。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        特别需要留意，升结肠癌经常起步“安静”，不像直肠癌容易便血，所以不少人到医院时，已经不是早期。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        医学调查显示，升结肠癌在所有结直肠癌中占比大约是20%～25%。\u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-emoji\">🧐\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 02 升结肠癌的主要症状与识别方法 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-guide-section guide-bg2\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-guide-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">02 你可能会察觉到的迹象 😶‍🌫️\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-guide-body\">\n      \u003Cul class=\"material-guide-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">1. 腹部隐约不适：\u003C/span>\n          一开始也许只是腹部闷闷的，说不清哪里疼，位置偏右下。有些人偶尔拉肚子，有时又便秘，但都不非常严重，经常被当作肠胃“着凉”忽略。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">2. 食欲慢慢减退：\u003C/span>\n          吃饭没以往香，饭量比以前小，总感觉肚子撑或消化慢。有些老人会以为“年纪大了吃不下”，其实，这可能正是身体的警告。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">3. 持续性变化：\u003C/span>\n          如果这些变化持续几周甚至更久，尤其是体重悄悄下降、整个人没精神、经常感到疲惫，就别再拖了。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">4. 贫血或莫名“虚弱”：\u003C/span>\n          血色素低，脸色比以前苍白，气短、心慌，有可能是肠癌导致慢慢失血。查血常规，就能发现这个信号。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"material-guide-case\">\n        \u003Cp>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-case-icon\">📋\u003C/span>\n          比如，一位78岁的男性患者，最近4个月体重减少6公斤，伴有双腿浮肿和明显乏力，检查后确诊升结肠癌并有肝转移。这就是典型的“拖得太久”的例子。\n        \u003C/p>\n      \u003C/div>\n      \u003Cp class=\"material-guide-note\">\n        发现上述这些信号时，不要以为只是消化差，适当重视，及时检查。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 03 升结肠癌的致病机制解析 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-guide-section guide-bg3\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-guide-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">03 为什么会得升结肠癌？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-guide-body\">\n      \u003Cul class=\"material-guide-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">1. 遗传易感：\u003C/span>\n          有家族成员得过结直肠癌，尤其是比较年轻就患病的，一些基因突变（如LINCH综合征、家族性腺瘤息肉病）会导致风险明显升高。\u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-emoji\">🧬\u003C/span>\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">2. 慢性炎症：\u003C/span>\n          慢性肠炎、炎症性肠病（如溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩病）会让肠黏膜反复受损修复，细胞更容易变异，增加癌变几率。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">3. 年龄增长：\u003C/span>\n          一般来说，50岁之后，升结肠癌患病率会陡然增高。年龄增长，相当于体内“修理失误”机会变高。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">4. 肠道菌群紊乱：\u003C/span>\n          科研数据显示，肠道好菌与坏菌失衡时，某些细菌产生的毒素易损伤肠道基因，从而增加癌变风险。\u003Csup>[1]\u003C/sup>\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">5. 其他可能：\u003C/span>\n          长期吸烟、缺乏运动、肥胖等，都能为癌变提供不利条件。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        这些因素经常相互作用，提醒我们对于有家族史的人群和50岁以后的朋友要格外小心。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp class=\"material-guide-note\">\n        引用：Burn J, Gerdes AM, Macrae F, Mecklin JP, Moeslein G, Olschwang S, et al. \"Long-term effect of aspirin on cancer risk in carriers of hereditary colorectal cancer: an analysis from the CAPP2 randomised controlled trial.\" The Lancet, 2011;378(9809):2081-2087. \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-emoji\">📖\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 04 升结肠癌的诊断流程与必要检查（详细检查建议集中于这一部分） -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-guide-section guide-bg4\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-guide-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">04 检查怎么做？👨‍⚕️\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-guide-body\">\n      \u003Cul class=\"material-guide-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">1. 首选肠镜检查：\u003C/span>\n          这是目前发现升结肠癌最直接的方法。医生会用一根细长的管子带摄像头从肛门进去，把整个肠道看一遍，哪里长了东西一目了然，必要时直接取一小块送化验。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">2. 血液肿瘤标记物：\u003C/span>\n          抽血查癌胚抗原（CEA）、CA19-9等，可以辅助诊断和判断疾病进展。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">3. 影像学评估：\u003C/span>\n          CT、MRI，有条件时候PET-CT，能明确肿瘤有多大、有没有转移到肝脏或者淋巴结，为下一步制定治疗方案做准备。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">4. 病理活检：\u003C/span>\n          只有显微镜下确认是癌细胞，才能最终定性。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">5. 分期系统：\u003C/span>\n          TNM分期，大致说就是T看肿瘤多大、N查有几个淋巴转移、M是否有远处转移。这个分期决定了治疗是否手术为主，还是先系统用药。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        检查流程通常从抽血、肠镜开始，如有异常再进行影像学细查，最后结合病理结果确诊。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp class=\"material-guide-note\">\n        有肠道不适持续，建议第一时间找消化科或肿瘤专科，切不可一拖再拖。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        参考文献：Benson, A. B., Venook, A. P., Al-Hawary, M. M., Cederquist, L., Chen, Y. J., Ciombor, K. K., ... & Freedman-Cass, D. A. (2018). NCCN Guidelines Insights: Colon Cancer, Version 2.2018. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 16(4), 359-369.\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 05 升结肠癌的治疗方案与预期效果 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-guide-section guide-bg5\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-guide-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">05 能治好吗？怎么治？🚑\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-guide-body\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        升结肠癌的治疗分为“局部”和“系统”两大类，还是有不少希望的。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cul class=\"material-guide-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">1. 手术为主：\u003C/span>\n          早、中期升结肠癌最核心的治疗方法就是把肿瘤和附近的淋巴一起切掉。随着腹腔镜和快速康复理念普及，手术风险在慢慢降低。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">2. 化疗/靶向：\u003C/span>\n          部分中晚期患者，先用药物“清除”微小转移病灶，或者让肿瘤缩小，有助于提高术后生存期。靶向药能锁定癌细胞生长通路，副作用较化疗小，但不是所有人都适合。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">3. 放疗/免疫治疗：\u003C/span>\n          升结肠癌首选手术，放疗主要对局部难治或者复发进行补充。免疫治疗目前在部分基因突变人群（如微卫星不稳定型）中疗效理想。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">4. 综合治疗：\u003C/span>\n          临床通常倾向于“多兵种作战”，即便病情进展，合理的组合治疗可以大大改善生活质量和生存时间。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"material-guide-case\">\n        \u003Cp>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-case-icon\">🔬\u003C/span>\n          还是以那位78岁男性为例，接受了靶向药+化疗联合方案，数月后病情稳定，目前正在接受新一轮治疗。说明只要配合积极治疗，有时也能长期带病生存。\n        \u003C/p>\n      \u003C/div>\n      \u003Cp>\n        不同分期、个体体质适合的方案有所不同，遇到相关问题时可以向专科医生详细咨询。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        参考文献：Meyerhardt, J. A., & Mayer, R. J. (2005). Systemic therapy for colorectal cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 352(5), 476-487.\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 06 升结肠癌患者的日常生活管理建议（正面实用措施，严禁出现负面饮食建议）-->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-guide-section guide-bg6\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-guide-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">06 日常怎么管理更安心？ 🍲\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-guide-body\">\n      \u003Cul class=\"material-guide-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">1. 饮食建议：\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-highlight\">深色绿叶蔬菜 ➔ 提供丰富膳食纤维和微量元素，有助于肠道蠕动，帮助“清扫”肠道垃圾。\u003C/span> 建议每天保证一盘以上的西蓝花、菠菜等绿叶菜。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">2. 多吃新鲜水果：\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-highlight\">苹果🍏、橙子🍊 ➔ 富含抗氧化物和维生素，有益提升免疫力。\u003C/span>推荐早餐或下午茶时间各来一份。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">3. 适量坚果：\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-highlight\">核桃、杏仁 ➔ 含优质脂肪和蛋白，适合手术/化疗阶段补充能量。\u003C/span>每天一把，不超过30g。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">4. 积极运动：\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-highlight\">饭后散步/慢走 ➔ 促进消化，增强体质，缓解手术后恢复乏力。\u003C/span>每天至少30分钟。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">5. 定期体检：\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-highlight\">肠镜复查 ➔ 监测肠腔健康状态，及早发现复发风险。\u003C/span>通常建议一次治疗终止后，半年或一年复查一次。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-strong\">6. 保持好心情：\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-guide-highlight\">心理支持 ➔ 对疾病康复同样重要，家人多关心，朋友多陪伴。\u003C/span>遇心理压力时，可以考虑专业心理疏导。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        这些措施每一步都简单，但多年坚持下来，就是最好的防护伞。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 07 实用总结（自然收束，控制在简短）-->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-guide-section guide-bg7\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-guide-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">07 简单提醒 👀\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-guide-body\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        升结肠癌虽然起病隐匿，但掌握上面这些识别方法、检查流程和日常管理建议，更容易做到早发现、早治疗。身体的小信号不要忽视，定期筛查很关键。特别是有家族史和50岁以上人群，面对肠道不适时，主动去医院查一查，结果或许比想象的简单安心。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        健康的生活习惯永远值得坚持，每一次发自内心的关心，都是守护家人和自己的最可靠方式。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        需要进一步咨询时，可向消化专科及肿瘤医生寻求专业建议。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 参考文献部分 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-guide-section guide-bg-ref\">\n    \u003Ch3 class=\"material-guide-ref-title\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">参考文献\u003C/h3>\n    \u003Col class=\"material-guide-ref-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        Burn J, Gerdes AM, Macrae F, Mecklin JP, Moeslein G, Olschwang S, et al. (2011). \u003Cem>Long-term effect of aspirin on cancer risk in carriers of hereditary colorectal cancer: an analysis from the CAPP2 randomised controlled trial\u003C/em>. The Lancet, 378(9809):2081-2087.\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Benson, A. B., Venook, A. P., Al-Hawary, M. M., Cederquist, L., Chen, Y. J., Ciombor, K. K., ... & Freedman-Cass, D. A. (2018). \u003Cem>NCCN Guidelines Insights: Colon Cancer, Version 2.2018\u003C/em>. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 16(4), 359-369.\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Meyerhardt, J. A., & Mayer, R. J. (2005). \u003Cem>Systemic therapy for colorectal cancer\u003C/em>. New England Journal of Medicine, 352(5), 476-487.\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ol>\n  \u003C/section>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n.material-guide-content {\n  font-family: '微软雅黑', Arial, sans-serif;\n  background-color: #f7f8fa;\n  color: #2a2a2a;\n  padding: 32px 6% 52px 6%;\n  max-width: 900px;\n  line-height: 2em;\n  border-radius: 18px;\n  margin: 28px auto 40px auto;\n  box-shadow: 0 6px 24px rgba(82,114,140,.07);\n}\n.material-guide-title {\n  font-size: 2.6em;\n  font-weight: bolder;\n  text-align: center;\n  color: #1a3449;\n  padding: 18px 0 14px 0;\n  margin-bottom: 24px;\n  letter-spacing: 2px;\n}\n.material-guide-intro {\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg,#f6f8fc 0%, #d8ecfa 100%);\n  border-radius: 9px;\n  padding: 18px 26px 17px 26px;\n  font-size: 1.18em;\n  margin-bottom: 25px;\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(167,197,246,.05);\n}\n.material-guide-section {\n  margin: 34px 0 0 0;\n  border-radius: 12px;\n  overflow: hidden;\n  padding: 0 0 2px 0;\n  box-shadow: 0 1px 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