[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$f0hqBMEhESMfjv1NhBnB5N5LKu2ZEzfm0-jFMiyRytpc":8,"$fwGQ-mfBjkxClgxM1QV1OhGOqiriIsOcTKEq35MvGo9M":55,"$fEuCPnnjNryfYUPdYEUp5b-NvyMRkjR7-t6sWBnc-mWE":76},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":54},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":21,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":21,"createTime":28,"seoTitle":22,"seoKeywords":29,"seoDescription":30,"shelvesTime":31,"version":32,"menus":33,"menuId":35,"type":42,"quality":53,"commentCount":21,"isComment":42},66854,866614,[],"https://cdn.haohuanjiao.com/learnMaterial/ystApp//tYZC3DEbj5SGBGdLVLt8jgGGI7le2ePn.png","马虎成","南京鼓楼医院","普外科","副主任医师",21,0,"关于麻醉在肾结石手术中的应用，你必须知道的5个关键问题","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/acda7dc2-d242-4d8c-818c-a6e3df095600.jpg","\u003Cdiv id=\"material_title\" class=\"better-anesthesia-title\">\n  关于麻醉在肾结石手术中的应用，你必须知道的5个关键问题\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"better-anesthesia-section better-anesthesia-banner\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f6f8fc 10%, #e0ecfe 90%);\">\n  \u003Ch2 style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">01 麻醉在肾结石手术中的重要性是什么？🩺\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"better-anesthesia-content\">\n    \u003Cp>\n      说起肾结石手术，其实不少人第一反应是“会不会很疼”，“麻醉到底安不安全”。生活中，总有人戏言“手术不用麻醉，这不是找罪受吗？”确实，麻醉就像为手术穿上了一道“保护伞”。它在肾结石手术里至关重要：一方面让人术中不会有痛苦感，另一方面帮助医生更好地完成操作。麻醉团队同时密切关注心脏、呼吸等各项生命体征变化，确保患者平稳度过每一步。对于一些有慢性病的人，比如高血压或者有感染的患者，麻醉师还会根据实际情况做更多监护与调整。\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\n      换句话说，麻醉不仅止痛，还随时在“守护”着整个手术过程，让患者和医生都能安心些。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"better-anesthesia-section better-anesthesia-banner\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #fbfaf8 10%, #e9f6ef 90%);\">\n  \u003Ch2 style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">02 在肾结石手术中常用的麻醉方式有哪些？🌙\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"better-anesthesia-content\">\n    \u003Cul>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>全身麻醉：\u003C/strong>对于需要做内窥镜操作或碎石的手术，全身麻醉是最常见选择。比如一位41岁的女性，患左肾结石并发感染和积水，在进行“经尿道输尿管镜肾盂激光碎石术”时，选择全身麻醉。这样全程无痛，医生也能放心操作。用药通常包括依托咪酯、丙泊酚和舒芬太尼等，配合严密的生命体征监测，既确保镇静镇痛，又减少不良反应。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>区域麻醉：\u003C/strong>有时候，医生会推荐腰麻或硬膜外麻醉（通常用于开放性、体位转换较少的肾结石手术）。优点是麻醉范围局部、恢复快、对呼吸影响小。不过，如果患者有腰椎疾病或者感染，区域麻醉并不适合。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp>\n      临床选择哪种方式，要看患者具体状况、手术类型和麻醉科医生的评估结果。\u003Cbr>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"better-anesthesia-emoji\">💡\u003C/span>\n      生活中有些朋友身体条件特殊，比如肥胖、高龄或者基础病较多，医生可能会倾向于选择全身麻醉并加强监护。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"better-anesthesia-section better-anesthesia-banner\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f8fafb 10%, #faecf3 90%);\">\n  \u003Ch2 style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">03 麻醉医师如何管理患者生命体征？🔍\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"better-anesthesia-content\">\n    \u003Cp>\n      手术室就像一个紧密配合的“作战指挥部”。麻醉师借助监测仪器，牢牢把控着每一项关键数据，比如：\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul>\n      \u003Cli>心率——防止异常加快或减慢；\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>血压——及时调整麻药防止剧烈波动；\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>血氧饱和度（SpO₂）——保障足够的氧供，像个“氧气守门员”；\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>呼气末二氧化碳（ETCO₂）——观察呼吸情况，避免二氧化碳积聚。\u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp>\n      以前述那位41岁女性为例，术中血氧一直保持100%，呼气末二氧化碳在正常范围，麻醉师通过微调药量和液体，在控制出血、尿量等方面同样细致入微。一项大型回顾性研究表明，术中稳定的生理指标和适时的干预，直接关联到患者术后恢复和并发症率降低（Bergamaschi et al., 2021, \u003Cem>British Journal of Anaesthesia\u003C/em>）。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"better-anesthesia-emoji\">⏳\u003C/span>\n      也就是说，技术之外，持续严密的“守护”才是麻醉团队的日常。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"better-anesthesia-section better-anesthesia-banner\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f6f1ff 10%, #e6f5fa 90%);\">\n  \u003Ch2 style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">04 为什么麻醉术后有些人会感到不适？\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"better-anesthesia-content\">\n    \u003Cp>\n      术后清醒后，有些朋友会经历头晕、恶心、口渴，甚至轻微的喉咙不适。这些通常与麻醉药物的代谢速度、手术操作、个体体质相关。当身体还未完全排除麻药时，短暂的不适感偶有发生。对于有慢性肾病或慢性感染的患者来说，由于身体“自我恢复能力”有限，不适可能略微明显一些。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"better-anesthesia-emoji\">🕊️\u003C/span>\n      实际上，绝大多数术后症状都可以通过补水、适度活动和按时服药逐步缓解。如果症状持续不缓解或加重，则应请医生检查，调整恢复计划。冷静面对、科学恢复，通常比单纯的担心更有用。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"better-anesthesia-section better-anesthesia-banner\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #fff8eb 10%, #eafff3 90%);\">\n  \u003Ch2 style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">05 麻醉在肾结石治疗中的其他应用有哪些？💡\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"better-anesthesia-content\">\n    \u003Cp>\n      麻醉可不仅仅在“大手术”中出现。像体外冲击波碎石术（ESWL）这样的非开刀疗法，有时虽然“外表轻松”，但碎石过程中猛烈的能量冲击会带来阵发性腹部或腰背疼痛。这时候，医生会酌情选择镇痛药作短效麻醉，帮助缓解紧张情绪，与疾病的“较量”变得更温和一点。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul>\n      \u003Cli> \u003Cstrong>局部镇痛：\u003C/strong> 适用于对疼痛敏感或失败多次碎石疗法的患者，可用静脉药物帮助舒缓。\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli> \u003Cstrong>短时镇静：\u003C/strong> 适合对疼痛“忍耐力”较差的患者，让碎石治疗变得容易“挨过去”。\u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"better-anesthesia-emoji\">🪄\u003C/span>\n      日常门诊中，有人害怕疼痛“拖延”治疗，其实简单的麻醉干预便能解决问题，提高碎石率和依从性。医学研究反复证明，合理介入可显著提升患者的满意度和治疗成功率（Türk et al., 2016, \u003Cem>European Urology\u003C/em>）。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"better-anesthesia-section better-anesthesia-banner\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f7f9ef 10%, #e5e1ff 90%);\">\n  \u003Ch2 style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">06 肾结石术后如何恢复更快？推荐的日常护理与饮食\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"better-anesthesia-content\">\n    \u003Cul>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>多喝水（帮助排石）：\u003C/strong>每日1600-2000ml白开水，有助于降低结石复发。入夏时可以分多次少量补充，保证尿量清澈。（Curhan et al., 1998, \u003Cem>Ann Intern Med\u003C/em>）\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>新鲜蔬菜水果（促进身体恢复）：\u003C/strong>比如番茄、柑橘、苹果等，含丰富钾离子和膳食纤维，帮助体内酸碱平衡。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>低蛋白饮食（保护肾功能）：\u003C/strong>已知慢性肾病患者，更适宜每餐少量高质量蛋白如鸡蛋、鱼肉，避免过量。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>如果有不适，应及时复查：\u003C/strong>比如反复腰痛、持续血尿、恶心等，一般建议2-3周内回医院查一次泌尿系B超和常规血检。（Moe, 2006, \u003Cem>New England Journal of Medicine\u003C/em>）\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>选择正规专业医院和有经验的麻醉团队：\u003C/strong>术前评估和术后恢复管理都非常关键，一旦觉得异常请主动和医生反馈沟通。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"better-anesthesia-emoji\">🌱\u003C/span>\n      当然啦，养成良好的饮食与作息习惯是长期健康的“存货”，不是一次恢复期就能解决的事。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"better-anesthesia-section better-anesthesia-banner\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f1fafe 10%, #ede7ff 90%);\">\n  \u003Ch2 style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">07 总结与行动建议\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"better-anesthesia-content\">\n    \u003Cp>\n      很多朋友其实对麻醉有着无形的担心——怕醒不过来，怕副作用，甚至“怕疼”。通过今天这份细致的梳理，希望能帮助大伙认识到，麻醉不仅是肾结石手术的“保护伞”，更是术前、术中、术后，每一环都不可或缺的安全保障。从选择麻醉方式，到监测生命体征、处理术后不适，再到疼痛管理和日常恢复，每一部分都有麻醉医生的努力身影。下次如果要面对肾结石治疗或手术，和麻醉师聊聊自己的疾病和担忧，配合医生选择合适的方式，是最靠谱、也最温和的办法。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp>\n      健康的身体，需要科学的守护和持久的好习惯支撑。肾结石并不可怕，不轻视、早干预、不“抗拒”科学医疗，是责任感和智慧的最好体现。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"better-anesthesia-section better-anesthesia-banner\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #fcf4ee 10%, #e7f7ff 90%);\">\n  \u003Ch2 style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">参考文献\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"better-anesthesia-content\">\n    \u003Cul class=\"better-anesthesia-reference\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        Bergamaschi, R., et al. (2021). Perioperative management and outcomes in urological procedures: The importance of sustained monitoring. \u003Cem>British Journal of Anaesthesia\u003C/em>, 127(3), 487-495.\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Türk, C., et al. (2016). EAU Guidelines on Urolithiasis. \u003Cem>European Urology\u003C/em>, 69(3), 475–482.\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Curhan, G.C., et al. (1998). Fluid intake and the risk for kidney stones in women. \u003Cem>Annals of Internal Medicine\u003C/em>, 128(7), 534-540.\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Moe, O.W. (2006). Kidney stones: Pathophysiology and medical management. \u003Cem>New England Journal of Medicine\u003C/em>, 355(2), 131-142.\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Kidney stones - Symptoms and causes. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n/* 独立样式命名，防止全局污染 */\n.better-anesthesia-title {\n  font-size: 2.2rem;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  color: #19529a;\n  padding: 32px 0 24px 0;\n  border-bottom: 2px solid #b9d3f3;\n  text-align: center;\n  letter-spacing: 1.2px;\n  margin-bottom: 34px;\n}\n\n.better-anesthesia-section {\n  margin-bottom: 32px;\n  border-radius: 18px;\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(190, 193, 215, 0.09);\n  padding: 8px 0 0 0;\n}\n\n.better-anesthesia-banner h2 {\n  margin: 0 0 16px 0;\n  padding: 18px 32px 10px 32px;\n  border-radius: 18px 18px 0 0;\n  font-size: 1.25rem;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  color: #26628e;\n  letter-spacing: 1px;\n  background: rgba(249, 253, 255, 0.32);\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n}\n.better-anesthesia-content {\n  padding: 0 32px 18px 32px;\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.82);\n  border-radius: 0 0 18px 18px;\n  font-size: 1.1rem;\n  line-height: 2rem;\n  color: #263547;\n}\n\n.better-anesthesia-content ul {\n  margin-left: 2em;\n  margin-bottom: 0.5em;\n  color: #32528e;\n}\n.better-anesthesia-content li {\n  margin-bottom: 0.65em;\n  font-size: 1.07rem;\n}\n.better-anesthesia-emoji {\n  font-size: 1.2em;\n  margin: 0 6px 0 0;\n  vertical-align: middle;\n}\n\n.better-anesthesia-reference {\n  font-size: 1rem;\n  color: #5d6e84;\n  margin-top: 6px;\n}\n.better-anesthesia-reference em {\n  color: #2b5c8e;\n  font-style: italic;\n}\n\u003C/style>\n\n","\u003Cdiv id=\"material_title\" class=\"better-anesthesia-title\">\n  关于麻醉在肾结石手术中的应用，你必须知道的5个关键问题\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv",530,"2025-09-19 17:11:23","肾结石, 麻醉, 手术, 全身麻醉, 区域麻醉, 生命体征管理, 术后恢复, 疼痛管理","了解麻醉在肾结石手术中的关键作用、麻醉方式及其管理，解决您的痛点与疑虑，让术前术中术后更安心和安全。","2025-10-26 10:30:00",2,[34],{"menuId":35,"menuName":36,"parentId":21,"orderNum":32,"path":37,"component":38,"isFrame":39,"isCache":40,"menuType":41,"visible":42,"status":21,"createDept":6,"remark":23,"createTime":43,"children":44,"columnImage":45,"columnLogo":46,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":42,"isHome":21,"forceLogin":21,"color":47,"seoTitle":48,"seoKeywords":49,"seoDescription":50,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":51,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":52,"routerPath":37,"componentInfo":38},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","慢性病",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":56,"success":54},{"pageNo":42,"pageSize":57,"result":58,"totalSize":32},10,[59,68],{"id":60,"updateTime":61,"averageScore":62,"posts":19,"specialistId":63,"userName":64,"hospital":65,"avatar":23,"description":66,"department":67},21008,"2026-01-12 17:08:55",9.2,873158,"徐尚娴","苏州大学附属儿童医院","这份肾结石手术麻醉科普内容，框架覆盖麻醉重要性、方式、监测等维度，结合临床案例解释麻醉选择逻辑，有一定科普基础。但存在对肾结石手术麻醉的肾功能保护、术中液体管理等核心专业要点解读浅显，部分表述口语化，专业深度与可读性亟待提升。","麻醉科",{"id":69,"updateTime":6,"averageScore":70,"posts":19,"specialistId":71,"userName":72,"hospital":73,"avatar":74,"description":75,"department":67},33146,7.7,866845,"宋正环","江苏省肿瘤医院","https://cdn.haohuanjiao.com/learnMaterial/ystApp//iXABGrGZtQY1ZNkpkkwoStsfIMaAu4BP.png","该作品围绕肾结石手术麻醉构建了完整知识体系，从麻醉核心价值、技术手段、围术期管理（到延伸应用，覆盖麻醉诊疗全链条。内容依托循证医学证据，专业术语的解释贴合大众认知逻辑，既保证学术严谨性，又规避错误信息传播。建议可补充不同术式比如经皮肾镜取石术与输尿管软镜碎石术对应的麻醉方案差异，进一步深化专业维度。对区域麻醉禁忌证，可增加临床判断的量化指征，强化科学指导性。",{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":77,"success":54},{"authors":78,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":83},[79,81],{"profilePhoto":74,"specialistId":80},"866845",{"profilePhoto":23,"specialistId":82},"873158",[84,89,94,99,105],{"id":85,"scores":86,"value":86,"dimensionId":6,"avgs":87,"title":88},196449,30,8.83333,"内容准确性",{"id":90,"scores":91,"value":91,"dimensionId":6,"avgs":92,"title":93},196450,20,8.5,"内容深度与广度",{"id":95,"scores":91,"value":96,"dimensionId":6,"avgs":97,"title":98},196451,19,8.75,"语言表达",{"id":100,"scores":101,"value":102,"dimensionId":6,"avgs":103,"title":104},196452,15,12,8,"呈现形式",{"id":106,"scores":101,"value":107,"dimensionId":6,"avgs":108,"title":109},196453,13,8.33333,"教育价值"]