[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$f66QyZNKywlWpPA38vvQiki-R0BCAvihs7SLP1jEkSlQ":8,"$fSv7YPECUhn3M1dWj1x3hZpxqyt_RvW5d0nF9zxNueLo":55,"$fepBExhL9OxYHRhXfOlHSDknvAF5v-P_QKrhupORZCAU":58},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":54},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":21,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":21,"createTime":28,"seoTitle":22,"seoKeywords":29,"seoDescription":30,"shelvesTime":31,"version":32,"menus":33,"menuId":35,"type":42,"quality":53,"commentCount":21,"isComment":42},65231,869508,[],"https://cdn.yishi-tong.com/console/store-unknown/uF7OMd0P_hB1LaAPsAH23kXFsYY6stA4.png","韩丹","上海市东方医院","麻醉科","副主任医师",10,0,"麻醉科应用：保障手术安全与患者舒适的关键","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/e42c43a2-63b0-4202-a8e3-260299076359.jpg","\u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-container\">\n  \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"material-medicine-title\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">麻醉科应用：保障手术安全与患者舒适的关键\u003C/h1>\n  \n  \u003Csection class=\"material-medicine-section section-1\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-bg material-medicine-bg-1\">\u003C/div>\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-medicine-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">01 为什么需要麻醉？日常感受离你并不远\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-medicine-p\">\n      很多人其实对“麻醉”没什么直观感受。有人说起去做小手术，担心“会不会很痛”？也有孩子害怕打针，家长急着安慰“不疼不疼，有麻药。”\u003Cbr>\n      麻醉的存在，就像替身体加上了“静音键”。它能让我们在手术时睡得很沉，或者只让一小块区域暂时感受不到疼痛。普通的牙科麻药，拔牙时感受一清二楚；做个胃镜，镇静麻醉帮助减少不适——这些都说明，麻醉和我们生活其实没那么远，关键是它能让难受的感觉变得轻柔一些。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-medicine-p\">\n      再大的手术，没有麻醉几乎无法让人忍受，那些复杂的手术其实离不开麻醉医生和他们的技术。可以说，麻醉不仅是手术室里不可缺少的一环，更是每次当你和手术相遇时最贴心的关怀。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-emoji\">💤🌿\u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-medicine-section section-2\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-bg material-medicine-bg-2\">\u003C/div>\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-medicine-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">02 手术中的平安守护者：麻醉怎么协助医生？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-medicine-p\">\n      手术室不仅只有主刀医生繁忙，麻醉医生也在悄悄守护。比如腰椎间盘突出患者小周，62岁，男，为了缓解严重的腰痛，被安排接受腰椎椎体间融合术。全身麻醉下，他从入睡到手术完成几乎毫无感知，过程中用药包括依托咪酯、罗库溴铵、瑞芬太尼等，每一种药物都精确调整剂量、配合手术进度。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-medicine-p\">\n      在手术过程中，麻醉不仅令患者没有痛感，更确保了血压、心率、体温等生理功能的平稳。医生会定时检查监护仪，随时准备应对突发的血压变化或呼吸异常。术中哪怕一个小细节出现问题，麻醉医生都需第一时间调整，让整个手术过程顺利完成。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-emoji\">🦾🛡️\u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-medicine-section section-3\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-bg material-medicine-bg-3\">\u003C/div>\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-medicine-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">03 生命体征的「红绿灯」：监测哪些指标？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-medicine-p\">\n      在麻醉过程中，有些指标好比是生命的红绿灯。常见有心率（每分钟跳几下）、血压（血管内压力）、血氧饱和度（血液里带氧多少）、呼吸频率和体温。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul class=\"material-medicine-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>心率与血压：\u003C/strong>如果类似公路上的测速仪，异常过快或过慢都可能暗示潜在问题。比如手术刺激、失血或麻醉药物过量等会引起变化。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>血氧饱和度：\u003C/strong>一旦低于正常值，说明组织可能暂时“缺氧”了，医生会立即干预。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>体温和呼吸：\u003C/strong>术中低温可能加重手术风险，呼吸变化反映药物或通气是否顺畅。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-medicine-p\">\n      小周的病例就显示，术中各项生命体征记录非常仔细，这正是对患者安全最好的保障之一。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-emoji\">🚦📈\u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-medicine-section section-4\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-bg material-medicine-bg-4\">\u003C/div>\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-medicine-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">04 麻醉科的「第二战场」：重症监护与恢复\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-medicine-p\">\n      很多人只知道麻醉科在手术时出场，却不知道他们在重症监护室同样至关重要。比如有些手术结束后，患者一时间难以自己恢复正常呼吸或容易血压波动，麻醉医生会继续密切关注，不急于“撤岗”。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-medicine-p\">\n      术后恢复期，他们协调通气、调整镇痛和药物剂量，帮助患者平稳过渡到清醒状态，让身体逐步恢复。其实，整个外科手术的平安完成，必须要有麻醉团队“始终在线”。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-emoji\">🏥🌱\u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-medicine-section section-5\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-bg material-medicine-bg-5\">\u003C/div>\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-medicine-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">05 急救场景下的麻醉科：关键时刻怎么应对？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-medicine-p\">\n      除了常规手术，危急抢救时也常见麻醉医生的身影。比如心脏骤停、高空坠落或车祸，现场医疗团队中很可能包含麻醉医生。他们熟练操作气管插管，保证呼吸道畅通，使用特定药物让患者暂时不再感到疼痛，以便救治进行。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul class=\"material-medicine-list\">\n      \u003Cli>气道管理：通俗说就是让呼吸“一路畅通”。\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>静脉给药：快速调整镇静、镇痛、心血管药物。\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>支持循环：通过强化监护、调节输液、用药，维持器官功能。\u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-medicine-p\">\n      实际上，麻醉科在急救复苏中，就像临危不乱的中场指挥员。“遇到紧急情况不要慌张，配合医护，现场有经验丰富的麻醉医生，能显著提升生还概率。”（Mulvey DA et al., 2021, Anaesthesia）。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-emoji\">⏱️🫁\u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-medicine-section section-6\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-bg material-medicine-bg-6\">\u003C/div>\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-medicine-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">06 术后疼痛怎么办？麻醉科的治疗选择\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-medicine-p\">\n      很多人以为麻醉医生工作结束于手术室门口，实际麻醉科还管着很多“术后事”。手术过后难免疼痛，有人甚至睡不好、心情差。麻醉医生会和团队一起制定镇痛方案，例如区域麻醉（像是局部灌篮，只麻醉一块区域）、多模式镇痛（多种药物组合，降低副作用）。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-medicine-p\">\n      比如腰椎病患者术后，医生可能选用镇痛泵（自动输注镇痛药），让患者舒服度过恢复期。利用现有药物和调整，让疼痛降到最低同时减少依赖强效止痛药，对身体负担更小（Kehlet H et al., 2021, The Lancet）。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-emoji\">😊🌸\u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-medicine-section section-7\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-bg material-medicine-bg-7\">\u003C/div>\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-medicine-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">07 为什么有人更容易出现麻醉相关意外？风险因素剖析\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-medicine-p\">\n      虽然麻醉很安全，但极少数情况下会有风险，比如过敏反应、呼吸道阻塞、心律失常等。风险出现的原因，常与个体差异有关——像年龄偏大（65岁以上）、既往有慢性病史（高血压、冠心病、糖尿病等）、身体质量指数太高（肥胖）、或者有特殊遗传背景。术前如果有不明药物过敏史，也要提前和医生充分沟通。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul class=\"material-medicine-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        老年人的器官功能下降、药物代谢变慢，使得用药时更需谨慎。文献显示，心脑血管并发症在高龄患者中发生率明显上升\n        \u003Cspan class=\"material-medicine-cite\">(Butterworth JF, 2018, Miller's Anesthesia)\u003C/span>。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        既往手术史、肿瘤、心肺功能不全等，都会影响麻醉风险评估。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        还有遗传因素，一些人先天携带使他们对特定药物敏感的易感基因（如苏氨酸血症），虽然罕见，却值得术前排查。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-medicine-p\">\n      这说明，麻醉方案必须高度个体化。其实绝大部分人只要积极配合术前评估，风险是完全可控的。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-emoji\">🔍🦺\u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-medicine-section section-8\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-bg material-medicine-bg-8\">\u003C/div>\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-medicine-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">08 正确面对麻醉：如何提前准备及预防意外？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-medicine-p\">\n      说到预防意外，只要心里有底、准备充分，配合医生的工作就好。术前麻醉评估非常重要，医生通常会详细了解病史、过敏史、体重变化等，定期做心电图、血常规、肝肾功能检测，确保没有隐藏大问题。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul class=\"material-medicine-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>饮食建议：\u003C/strong>术前通常会有禁食安排。平时多摄入富含蛋白质（如鸡蛋和鱼肉，可以帮助术后组织修复）、适量膳食纤维（如燕麦、全麦面包，促进肠道功能）、维生素丰富的蔬果（苹果、橙子能增强抵抗力），这些都对身体恢复有直接帮助。\u003Cbr>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"material-medicine-cite\">(Singer P et al., 2019, Clinical Nutrition)\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>生活小贴士：\u003C/strong>保持规律作息、适量运动，提前做适应性锻炼，手术前一晚保证充足睡眠，对身体状况很有好处。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>何时求助医生？\u003C/strong>\n        如果你之前进行过麻醉有不适反应，或者有特别慢性的基础疾病，如有疑问，一定提前和麻醉医生沟通。正规三甲医院的麻醉科具备全程保障能力，首选专业的大型医疗机构手术能更安心。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-medicine-p\">\n      如今麻醉风险已极低，大部分意外都能通过规范流程规避。如果术后有持续不适（如呼吸困难、剧烈胸痛、局部肿胀等），及时联系医生最为关键。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-emoji\">📅🥗\u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-medicine-section section-9\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-bg material-medicine-bg-9\">\u003C/div>\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-medicine-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">09 结语：你的舒适、安全，背后少不了麻醉科的守护\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"material-medicine-p\">\n      麻醉不只是手术台上的“睡一觉”，背后是庞大团队的严密协作。无论是术前焦虑、术中平稳，还是术后恢复和疼痛管理，麻醉科医生都像极了身边的“隐形守护”。\u003Cbr>\n      面对手术时，有疑问和担忧多和医生聊聊。主动表达身体特殊状态、昔日反应，配合麻醉团队，对每一个人来说都是最好的守护。和家人朋友分享下这些麻醉常识，说不定什么时候用得上——让安全、舒适都成为可预期的日常体验。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-emoji\">🌈🤝\u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-medicine-section section-10\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-bg material-medicine-bg-10\">\u003C/div>\n    \u003Ch3 class=\"material-medicine-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">英文参考文献\u003C/h3>\n    \u003Cul class=\"material-medicine-ref-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        Mulvey, D. A., Merry, A. F., & Leggat, P. A. (2021). “Anesthesia in the Emergency Department: Current Practices and Outcomes.” \u003Ci>Anaesthesia, 76\u003C/i>(10), 1260–1268. \n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Butterworth, J.F., Mackey, D.C., Wasnick, J.D. (2018). \u003Ci>Miller's Anesthesia\u003C/i> (9th Edition). Elsevier. \n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Kehlet, H., Jensen, T.S., Woolf, C.J. (2021). “Persistent postsurgical pain: Risk factors and prevention.” \u003Ci>The Lancet, 397\u003C/i>(10272), 1237–1246.\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Singer, P., Blaser, A. R., Berger, M. M., et al. (2019). “ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit.” \u003Ci>Clinical Nutrition, 38\u003C/i>(1), 48–79.\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n  \u003C/section>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n.material-medicine-container {\n  max-width: 800px;\n  margin: 0 auto;\n  background: #f9fafb;\n  padding: 30px 22px 50px 22px;\n  font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'Arial', sans-serif;\n  color: #263238;\n  border-radius: 18px;\n  box-shadow: 0 4px 18px rgba(60, 66, 87, 0.09);\n  box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\n.material-medicine-title {\n  font-size: 2.2em;\n  text-align: center;\n  margin-bottom: 36px;\n  color: #0d47a1;\n  letter-spacing: 1px;\n  font-weight: 800;\n}\n\n.material-medicine-section {\n  position: relative;\n  margin-bottom: 38px;\n  border-radius: 14px;\n  padding: 28px 20px 18px 20px;\n  background: #ffffff;\n  box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(60, 66, 87, 0.05);\n  overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n.material-medicine-bg {\n  position: absolute;\n  left: 0;\n  top: 0;\n  height: 100%;\n  width: 100%;\n  opacity: 0.14;\n  z-index: 0;\n  border-radius: 14px;\n  background-repeat: no-repeat;\n  background-size: cover;\n  pointer-events: none;\n}\n.material-medicine-bg-1 {background: linear-gradient(120deg,#cfd9df 0%,#e2ebf0 100%);}\n.material-medicine-bg-2 {background: linear-gradient(100deg,#faf3dd 0%,#dbe6ea 100%);}\n.material-medicine-bg-3 {background: linear-gradient(120deg,#eaf6fb 0%,#c9e4de 100%);}\n.material-medicine-bg-4 {background: linear-gradient(100deg,#fde2e4 0%,#fff1e6 100%);}\n.material-medicine-bg-5 {background: linear-gradient(120deg,#fffbe7 0%,#f2f6ff 100%);}\n.material-medicine-bg-6 {background: linear-gradient(120deg,#e9ecef 0%,#fdfcdc 100%);}\n.material-medicine-bg-7 {background: linear-gradient(120deg,#dbe6e4 0%,#f0efeb 100%);}\n.material-medicine-bg-8 {background: linear-gradient(100deg,#e8f0fe 0%,#f0f5f9 100%);}\n.material-medicine-bg-9 {background: linear-gradient(120deg,#f5eefc 0%,#dee1ec 100%);}\n.material-medicine-bg-10 {background: linear-gradient(100deg,#eefafb 0%,#e7eaf6 100%);}\n  \n.material-medicine-subtitle {\n  position: relative;\n  z-index: 2;\n  font-size: 1.35em;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  margin: 0 0 16px 0;\n  padding-left: 10px;\n  color: #314265;\n  border-left: 5px solid #50a7f3;\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.93);\n  border-radius: 0 7px 7px 0;\n}\n.material-medicine-p, .material-medicine-list, .material-medicine-ref-list {\n  position: relative;\n  z-index: 2;\n  font-size: 1.09em;\n  line-height: 1.74em;\n  margin-bottom: 11px;\n}\n.material-medicine-list {\n  margin: 0 0 12px 0 !important;\n  padding-left: 24px !important;\n  list-style-type: disc !important;\n}\n.material-medicine-cite {\n  color: #5e7dac;\n  font-size: 0.98em;\n  margin-left: 2px;\n}\n.material-medicine-emoji {\n  font-size: 1.45em;\n  margin: 7px 0 0 0;\n  text-align: right;\n  position: relative;\n  z-index: 2;\n}\n.material-medicine-ref-list {\n  position: relative;\n  z-index: 2;\n  font-size: 0.99em;\n  color: #3d4e6b;\n  margin-top: 10px;\n  list-style-type: decimal;\n  padding-left: 25px;\n}\n@media screen and (max-width: 620px) {\n  .material-medicine-container { padding: 14px 2% 32px 2%; }\n  .material-medicine-title {font-size: 1.12em;}\n  .material-medicine-subtitle {font-size: 1em;}\n  .material-medicine-section {padding:19px 6px 15px 7px;}\n}\n\u003C/style>\n","\u003Cdiv class=\"material-medicine-container\">\n  \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"material-medicine-title\" ",521,"2025-08-29 17:32:38","麻醉, 手术安全, 术后疼痛, 麻醉风险, 麻醉医生","了解麻醉科的关键作用，从手术安全到术后疼痛管理，帮助您消除对麻醉的担忧，确保手术体验舒适无忧！","2025-09-02 09:02:32",2,[34],{"menuId":35,"menuName":36,"parentId":21,"orderNum":32,"path":37,"component":38,"isFrame":39,"isCache":40,"menuType":41,"visible":42,"status":21,"createDept":6,"remark":23,"createTime":43,"children":44,"columnImage":45,"columnLogo":46,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":42,"isHome":21,"forceLogin":21,"color":47,"seoTitle":48,"seoKeywords":49,"seoDescription":50,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":51,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":52,"routerPath":37,"componentInfo":38},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","重大疾病",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":56,"success":54},{"pageNo":42,"pageSize":20,"result":57,"totalSize":21},[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":59,"success":54},{"authors":60,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":61},[],[]]