[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fTssJf8Dc1hia3RqKd9Xdqiqy-sSb1aZN2AOnqSYKKVc":8,"$fyuUNUIKvl3vl2eEyOe6oN2vUcrDNf7PRmilU3Cz1Jfo":55,"$f8DCB9RzMOj6uqKMF-CHUEDM9T3ze75YMXuZJiMFdsG8":59},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":54},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":21,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":21,"createTime":28,"seoTitle":22,"seoKeywords":29,"seoDescription":30,"shelvesTime":31,"version":32,"menus":33,"menuId":35,"type":42,"quality":53,"commentCount":21,"isComment":42},65103,869434,[],"https://cdn.haohuanjiao.com/learnMaterial/ystApp//s4t5gJOQxQ1HjvOzxkVjr7otC4GWc6qI.png","王丽敏","上海市第一人民医院","儿科","住院医师",4,0,"儿童上呼吸道感染：了解与应对","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/f4953f3e-b014-42c2-bc43-3b4f94baa8db.jpg","\u003Cdiv class=\"children-urti-guide\">\n  \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"children-urti-title\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">\n    儿童上呼吸道感染：了解与应对\n  \u003C/h1>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"children-urti-section children-urti-bg1\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"children-urti-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">\n      01 什么是儿童上呼吸道感染？\n    \u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"children-urti-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        每年换季，家里总会有孩子打喷嚏、流鼻涕。在幼儿园、小学，老师经常能听到一串轻咳声。上呼吸道感染（URTI），也叫“感冒”，在儿童中十分常见。它指的是鼻子、咽喉、扁桃体等区域的急性炎症，感染往往由各种病毒引起，偶尔也有细菌参与。\u003Cspan class=\"children-urti-emoji\">🧒🤧\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        小朋友生病时，表现可能和成人不一样：有的精神还不错，有的则会变得爱哭闹。上呼吸道感染经常在小范围快速传播，主要和孩子的免疫力、生活环境以及人群密集度有关。实际数据表明，6岁以下孩子一年可能感冒6次以上（Tregoning & Schwarze, 2010）。这虽然让大人头疼，但通常属于成长过程中的一部分。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"children-urti-section children-urti-bg2\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"children-urti-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">\n      02 儿童上呼吸道感染有哪些常见症状？\n    \u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"children-urti-content\">\n      \u003Cul class=\"children-urti-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>咳嗽\u003C/b>：最常见，多数是轻微干咳或偶尔咳嗽，也有发展为持续性咳嗽的时候。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>流鼻涕\u003C/b>：开始可能是清水样，过几天变得黏稠、颜色发黄。孩子常用手背擦鼻涕。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>喉咙不适或疼痛\u003C/b>：年幼儿童不善于表达，表现为吞咽时哭闹、拒绝吃饭。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>头痛\u003C/b>：在部分年纪稍大的孩子中会出现，有时伴有精神不振。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>发热\u003C/b>：高热不是绝对，大部分孩子只是体温略高，有些甚至没有发烧。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>声音嘶哑、说话费力\u003C/b>：如果喉头炎症涉及声带时会出现。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        比如有位7岁的男孩，最近2天只偶尔咳嗽，没有发烧、不困倦，头痛较轻，精神状态可以。家长如果发现流涕、咽部微红、轻度咳嗽，这些都属于常见症状的范围。\u003Cspan class=\"children-urti-emoji\">🌡️\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        特别提醒：如果出现咳嗽加重、反复高热、呼吸急促、声音嘶哑难以发声，或孩子变得异常安静、嗜睡，务必尽快就医。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"children-urti-section children-urti-bg3\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"children-urti-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">\n      03 为什么孩子容易得上呼吸道感染？\n    \u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"children-urti-content\">\n      \u003Col>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>病毒最常见\u003C/b>：80%以上的上呼吸道感染是病毒引起，如流感、冠状病毒、腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒等（Heikkinen & Järvinen, 2003）。病毒就像“隐形客人”，通过空气、小手、小玩具传播，孩子免疫系统还不成熟，很容易中招。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>细菌少量涉及\u003C/b>：如链球菌，这类感染常见咽喉发炎、发热较重，有时会导致严重并发症（Shulman et al., 2012）。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>季节和环境有关\u003C/b>：换季时气温波动，室内通风差，空气污染（如PM2.5、黄沙）都可能增加感染风险。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>人群密集\u003C/b>：幼儿园、小学是“高发地”，孩子间亲密接触，细菌病毒更易传播。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ol>\n      \u003Cp>\n        研究发现，冬季感染风险最高，部分原因是房间紧闭，空气流通减少。值得一提的是，过度劳累、缺乏锻炼也会使抵抗力下降，容易被病毒“盯上”。\u003Cspan class=\"children-urti-emoji\">❄️💨\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        要区分清楚：病毒感染通常无需用抗生素，滥用反而有害。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"children-urti-section children-urti-bg4\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"children-urti-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">\n      04 医生如何判断孩子是上呼吸道感染？\n    \u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"children-urti-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        到医院后，医生会先详细了解孩子发病经过，比如咳嗽频率、有无咽痛、精神状态等。接下来，会做基础的体格检查，包括测体温、听诊肺部、观察咽部和扁桃体颜色。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cul class=\"children-urti-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>问诊\u003C/b>：主要关注症状出现时间、严重程度、家中有无其他同样症状的成员。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>查体\u003C/b>：比如能否顺畅呼吸、咽部是否红肿，肺部是否听到异常音。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>必要时化验\u003C/b>：少数情况下，会查血常规、C反应蛋白，或快速咽拭子检测链球菌。这些检查帮助判断感染是病毒性还是细菌性，为后续治疗提供参考（Cheng et al., 2020）。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        比如前述7岁小男孩，医生体检时发现咽部发红，但没有肺部异常呼吸音，精神正常，没有明显发烧，这些都倾向于轻度病毒感染。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        大部分孩子只需要基础检查，无需复杂手段。如果症状出现变化，如突然高热、呼吸困难，才需要进一步检查。实际操作中，医生会根据孩子反应灵活安排检查，无需过分担心。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"children-urti-section children-urti-bg5\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"children-urti-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">\n      05 儿童上呼吸道感染如何治疗？\n    \u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"children-urti-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        绝大多数轻度感染只需对症处理，让孩子舒服些。药物和非药物疗法相结合是关键。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cul class=\"children-urti-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>对症药物\u003C/b>：使用口服感冒药、中成药，根据医生建议选择，帮助减轻咳嗽、流涕和咽痛等不适。比如上述7岁男孩，就服用了感冒口服溶液和中成药，两者皆为缓解症状，不用于直接杀灭病毒。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>多喝温水\u003C/b>：可稀释呼吸道分泌物，增加机体代谢速度。\u003Cspan class=\"children-urti-emoji\">🥤\u003C/span>\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>保证充足休息\u003C/b>：让孩子多休息有助于免疫系统“修复”，能更快恢复健康。在室内适当活动、防止久卧，也可以保持心情愉快。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>清淡饮食\u003C/b>：适当进食一些容易消化的米粥、蔬菜、鸡蛋羹等，搭配水果补充维生素。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>特殊情况\u003C/b>：出现严重症状（持续高热、皮疹、呕吐、呼吸急促），须及时复诊。部分孩子合并细菌感染时才需要用抗生素，由医生根据检查决定，千万不要自行服用。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>随访\u003C/b>：按医师建议复诊，合理调整治疗方案。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        简单来讲：让孩子舒服、安全地度过感染期，避免病情进展和并发症。\u003Cspan class=\"children-urti-emoji\">☑️\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"children-urti-section children-urti-bg6\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"children-urti-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">\n      06 日常怎样帮助孩子预防上呼吸道感染？\n    \u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"children-urti-content\">\n      \u003Col>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>勤洗手\u003C/b>：用温水和肥皂认真搓洗20秒，每次外出、饭前便后都要洗。孩子喜欢到处摸，手是最常见的病毒“中转站”。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>保持室内通风\u003C/b>：每天2-3次开窗换气，每次10-15分钟，不必担心冷空气会让孩子生病，病毒反而在闷热环境更易传播。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>适量运动增强体质\u003C/b>：如每天散步、做体操。体力提高后，抵抗力会更好，生病机会自然少。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>合理饮食\u003C/b>：蔬菜、水果、粗粮、蛋白充足，有助于维生素、矿物质和蛋白质的获益。如胡萝卜（含β-胡萝卜素、可调节免疫）、西兰花（富含维生素C，有助于抵抗力）、牛奶和鸡蛋（优质蛋白）。\n          \u003Cul class=\"children-urti-food\">\n            \u003Cli>\n              \u003Cspan class=\"children-urti-food-img children-urti-emoji\">🥕\u003C/span>胡萝卜 + 免疫调节 + 煮熟后添加少量植物油，每周2-3次\n            \u003C/li>\n            \u003Cli>\n              \u003Cspan class=\"children-urti-food-img children-urti-emoji\">🥦\u003C/span>西兰花 + 抗氧化 + 蒸煮食用更佳，每周3-4次\n            \u003C/li>\n            \u003Cli>\n              \u003Cspan class=\"children-urti-food-img children-urti-emoji\">🥛\u003C/span>牛奶 + 提供蛋白质 + 早餐或晚餐时饮用，每天1-2杯\n            \u003C/li>\n            \u003Cli>\n              \u003Cspan class=\"children-urti-food-img children-urti-emoji\">🍳\u003C/span>鸡蛋 + 营养丰富 + 蒸、煮皆可，每天1个\n            \u003C/li>\n          \u003C/ul>\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>作息规律\u003C/b>：保持足够睡眠，睡得好身体才能“充满能量”。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cb>及时接种疫苗\u003C/b>：流感疫苗、部分病毒相关疫苗，能有效减少相关感染。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ol>\n      \u003Cp>\n        同时，遇到特殊流行季节（如流感高发期、重大疫情期间），减少带孩子去人多密集的场所，更利于预防。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"children-urti-section children-urti-bg7\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"children-urti-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">\n      07 总结与实用建议\n    \u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"children-urti-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        上呼吸道感染如同孩子成长路上的“小麻烦”，几乎没有人能完全躲得过。虽然带来困扰，但大多数时候只需耐心照料、科学疏导，很快就能恢复。日常坚持良好习惯，能明显降低发病风险。如果孩子表现不寻常，早点去医院看看总没错。科学知识搭配生活智慧，才是守护健康的好办法。\u003Cspan class=\"children-urti-emoji\">💡\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"children-urti-section children-urti-bg8 children-urti-reference\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"children-urti-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">\n      参考文献\n    \u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cul>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Heikkinen, T., & Järvinen, A. (2003). The common cold. \u003Ci>The Lancet\u003C/i>, 361(9351), 51-59.\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Tregoning, J. S., & Schwarze, J. (2010). Respiratory viral infections in infants: causes, clinical symptoms, virology, and immunology. \u003Ci>Clinical Microbiology Reviews\u003C/i>, 23(1), 74-98.\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Shulman, S. T., Bisno, A. L., Clegg, H. W., et al. (2012). Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. \u003Ci>Clinical Infectious Diseases\u003C/i>, 55(10), 1279-1282.\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Cheng, Q., et al. (2020). Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Infection. \u003Ci>Medical Clinics of North America\u003C/i>, 104(3), 409-428.\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n  \u003C/section>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n.children-urti-guide {\n  font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, 'PingFang SC', '微软雅黑', sans-serif;\n  color: #2c3e50;\n  background-color: #f8fafc;\n  margin: 0 auto;\n  padding: 32px 12px 24px 12px;\n  max-width: 780px;\n  border-radius: 18px;\n  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(52, 73, 94, 0.06);\n}\n\n.children-urti-title {\n  font-size: 2.3em;\n  color: #166ba7;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  margin: 0 0 26px 0;\n  letter-spacing: 1px;\n  text-align: center;\n  line-height: 1.25;\n}\n\n.children-urti-section {\n  margin: 24px 0 30px 0;\n  border-radius: 16px;\n  box-sizing: border-box;\n  padding: 24px 16px;\n  background-blend-mode: lighten;\n  box-shadow: 0 1px 8px 0 rgba(52, 73, 94, 0.06);\n}\n\n.children-urti-bg1 {\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #e0f1ff 0%, #f3faff 100%);\n}\n.children-urti-bg2 {\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f2fbee 0%, #f9fef5 100%);\n}\n.children-urti-bg3 {\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #fff8e0 0%, #fcfaf3 100%);\n}\n.children-urti-bg4 {\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #faf1ff 0%, #fffbfc 100%);\n}\n.children-urti-bg5 {\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #eaf3fa 0%, #f8fafc 100%);\n}\n.children-urti-bg6 {\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f7fafd 0%, #e3faf5 100%);\n}\n.children-urti-bg7 {\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #fdfbe7 0%, #f8fbf5 100%);\n}\n.children-urti-bg8 {\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f7f7f7 0%, #e3e7eb 100%);\n}\n\n.children-urti-subtitle {\n  font-size: 1.4em;\n  color: #2d90b7;\n  margin: 0 0 14px 0;\n  font-weight: 500;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n}\n\n.children-urti-content {\n  font-size: 1.08em;\n  line-height: 1.85;\n  padding-right: 8px;\n  padding-left: 8px;\n}\n\n.children-urti-list, .children-urti-food {\n  padding-left: 20px;\n  margin-top: 0.4em;\n  margin-bottom: 0.2em;\n}\n.children-urti-list li, .children-urti-food li {\n  margin-bottom: 9px;\n}\n.children-urti-list li:last-child, .children-urti-food li:last-child {\n  margin-bottom: 0;\n}\n\n.children-urti-content code {\n  background: #f3f6fa;\n  border-radius: 7px;\n  padding: 2px 6px;\n  color: #387bad;\n  font-size: 95%;\n}\n\n.children-urti-emoji {\n  font-size: 1.07em;\n  vertical-align: baseline;\n  margin-left: 5px;\n  margin-right: 5px;\n}\n\n.children-urti-food {\n  background: #f6faed;\n  border-radius: 10px;\n  margin-top: 12px;\n  margin-bottom: 4px;\n  font-size: 0.98em;\n  padding: 11px 12px 2px 18px;\n  box-shadow: 0 1px 6px rgba(190,204,222,.05);\n}\n.children-urti-food-img {\n  font-size: 1.05em;\n  margin-right: 7px;\n}\n\n.children-urti-reference {\n  background: #fcfcfc;\n  border-left: 6px solid #bcd7f1;\n  font-size: 0.99em;\n  margin-top: 18px;\n  margin-bottom: 2px;\n  box-shadow: none;\n}\n.children-urti-reference ul {\n  margin: 8px 0 0 12px;\n}\n.children-urti-reference li {\n  margin-bottom: 7px;\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 480px) {\n  .children-urti-title {\n    font-size: 1.2em;\n    padding: 0 2px;\n  }\n  .children-urti-section {\n    padding: 13px 3px;\n    font-size: 0.95em;\n    margin: 8px 0 16px 0;\n  }\n  .children-urti-content {\n    padding-right: 3px;\n    padding-left: 3px;\n  }\n}\n\u003C/style>\n","\u003Cdiv class=\"children-urti-guide\">\n  \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"children-urti-title\" style=\"color",554,"2025-08-28 10:52:34","儿童上呼吸道感染, 感冒, 感冒症状, 预防, 治疗","本文详细介绍儿童上呼吸道感染的症状、成因及治疗方法，帮助家长有效应对并降低感染风险，是提升儿童健康的重要指南。","2025-09-05 12:30:00",2,[34],{"menuId":35,"menuName":36,"parentId":21,"orderNum":32,"path":37,"component":38,"isFrame":39,"isCache":40,"menuType":41,"visible":42,"status":21,"createDept":6,"remark":23,"createTime":43,"children":44,"columnImage":45,"columnLogo":46,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":42,"isHome":21,"forceLogin":21,"color":47,"seoTitle":48,"seoKeywords":49,"seoDescription":50,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":51,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":52,"routerPath":37,"componentInfo":38},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","高发轻症,儿童疾病",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":56,"success":54},{"pageNo":42,"pageSize":57,"result":58,"totalSize":21},10,[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":60,"success":54},{"authors":61,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":62},[],[]]