[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$f_9t_OweCWX4WRnXxAAYMBlSRQT0b4qwk-3BP7XFP_Js":8,"$fo13HJW0m-IiUTfBXCEN5eT8OdcGJAHt8KIsIcyswJvA":55,"$fTjmDPXOW_dSwRcjJrEGs0GGgl7HVRlbzV_6gbz3HsDM":59},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":54},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":21,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":21,"createTime":28,"seoTitle":22,"seoKeywords":29,"seoDescription":30,"shelvesTime":31,"version":32,"menus":33,"menuId":35,"type":42,"quality":53,"commentCount":21,"isComment":42},64810,868946,[],"https://cdn.yishi-tong.com/console/store-unknown/uF7OMd0P_hB1LaAPsAH23kXFsYY6stA4.png","周进","杭州师范大学附属医院","男性泌尿外科","主治医师",137,0,"肾癌：全面了解、识别与应对","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/01272c7a-a5e0-4ce5-976d-1c76e8038003.jpg","\u003Ch2 id=\"material_title\" class=\"scpk-material-title\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">肾癌：全面了解、识别与应对\u003C/h2>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"scpk-section scpk-bg1\">\n  \u003Ch3 class=\"scpk-heading\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">01 你了解肾癌吗？\u003C/h3>\n  \u003Cp class=\"scpk-paragraph\">\n    在日常体检或偶然腹部检查时，有些人会被提醒肾脏有异常，这让很多人产生疑惑。其实，肾癌就是肾脏里的恶性肿瘤，它不算高发，但也不是罕见“陌生客”，平均每百位成年人中约有2到3人一生可能会遇到这种病 \u003Cspan class=\"scpk-ref\">（Chandrasekar, 2025）\u003C/span>。它的出现往往没有太大预兆，早期肾癌就像藏在角落的小麻烦，不容易被察觉。简单来讲，肾癌并不可怕，及时了解相关知识，往往能降低危害。\n  \u003C/p>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"scpk-highlight\">\n    \u003Cspan class=\"scpk-emoji\">🔬\u003C/span> 专业医学观点：肾癌大部分为肾细胞癌，偶有发生在儿童的肾母细胞瘤类型。\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"scpk-section scpk-bg2\">\n  \u003Ch3 class=\"scpk-heading\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">02 肾癌的主要症状有哪些？\u003C/h3>\n  \u003Cul class=\"scpk-symptom-list\">\n    \u003Cli>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"scpk-emoji\">💧\u003C/span>\n      血尿：尿液出现红色，或者发现肉眼可见的血块，是最常见的肾癌警示信号。比如有人洗手间突然发现尿液发红，便需要留心。\n    \u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"scpk-emoji\">🦴\u003C/span>\n      腰部不适：持续、明显的腰侧疼痛，有时候像腰椎酸胀，但休息不见好转，需要重视。\n    \u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"scpk-emoji\">📉\u003C/span>\n      体重下降：近期未刻意减肥却明显变瘦，尤其伴随腹部肿胀、有发热等感觉，需要做进一步检查。\n    \u003C/li>\n  \u003C/ul>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"scpk-case-block\">\n    \u003Cstrong>病例启发：\u003C/strong>\n    \u003Cspan>69岁男性，本季因肉眼血尿和临床检查发现肾脏肿瘤，经泌尿外科诊断，确认为肾恶性肿瘤，合并肾功能不全和高血压。\u003C/span>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \u003Cp class=\"scpk-paragraph\">\n    这些症状如果持续出现，或同时有几项并发，不要拖延，就医是最好的办法。晚期肾癌还可能有腹部肿块、持续发热等，平时偶发的轻微症状不一定就是肾癌，但连续性、严重症状千万不能忽视。\n  \u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"scpk-section scpk-bg3\">\n  \u003Ch3 class=\"scpk-heading\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">03 为什么会发生肾癌？\u003C/h3>\n  \u003Cp class=\"scpk-paragraph\">\n    说起来，肾癌的发生常常和日常习惯、遗传和环境相互作用有关。研究显示，吸烟者得肾癌的概率会增加一倍 \u003Cspan class=\"scpk-ref\">（Chandrasekar, 2025）\u003C/span>，尤其是长期抽烟的人。此外，年龄增长也是影响因素，60-74岁为高发期，男性风险高于女性。某些化工、皮革、石油行业接触者，长期吸入有害化学物质，比如石棉和镉，这类人群患病风险显著升高。\n  \u003C/p>\n  \u003Cul class=\"scpk-factor-list\">\n    \u003Cli>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"scpk-emoji\">👨‍👩‍👧‍👦\u003C/span>\n      遗传易感性：家族中有成员得过肾癌、希佩尔-林道病（VHL）、结节性硬化症的人属于高危人群。\n    \u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"scpk-emoji\">🚬\u003C/span>\n      长期吸烟：烟草的有害成分可能损伤肾细胞，促使异常细胞生长。\n    \u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"scpk-emoji\">🧪\u003C/span>\n      环境影响：长期接触特定化学品，增加肾癌发生概率。\n    \u003C/li>\n  \u003C/ul>\n  \u003Cp class=\"scpk-paragraph\">\n    肥胖、慢性肾病、长期透析、曾患多发性肾囊肿等疾病，也都属于肾癌的重要风险因子。这个部分重点说明肾癌“为什么有害”，预防方法请看后面详解。\n  \u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"scpk-section scpk-bg4\">\n  \u003Ch3 class=\"scpk-heading\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">04 如何诊断肾癌？\u003C/h3>\n  \u003Cp class=\"scpk-paragraph\">\n    碰到疑似肾癌像上述症状时，专业医生会推荐系统性的影像学检查。最常用的是CT和MRI，这两个工具就像“拍照”，能精准定位肾脏内部的异常。早期肾癌，很多是在检查其他疾病（比如高血压）时意外发现的。有时候还会用超声波或静脉尿路造影（IVP）做初步筛查，但明确诊断要靠CT或MRI。\n  \u003C/p>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"scpk-highlight\">\n    \u003Cspan class=\"scpk-emoji\">🩺\u003C/span> 有时，肾活检也很重要。这个方法是用针取出部分组织，在显微镜下确认是良性还是恶性肿瘤。\n  \u003C/div>\n  \u003Cp class=\"scpk-paragraph\">\n    如果诊断为肾癌，医生一般还会推荐胸部X光、骨扫描或者相关血液检查，以判断是否有远处转移。不是所有肾脏异常都需要手术，诊断方案会根据每个人情况调整。早发现早诊断，后续治疗效果更好。\n  \u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"scpk-section scpk-bg5\">\n  \u003Ch3 class=\"scpk-heading\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">05 肾癌的治疗方式有哪些？\u003C/h3>\n  \u003Cp class=\"scpk-paragraph\">\n    肾癌的治疗策略，简单来说分为三个主要方向：手术、靶向药物和免疫治疗。针对肾癌是否有扩散或合并其他疾病，医生会个性化制定方案。\n  \u003C/p>\n  \u003Cul class=\"scpk-treatment-list\">\n    \u003Cli>\n      \u003Cstrong>手术切除：\u003C/strong> 对于没有远程转移且身体条件允许的患者，手术切除病变区域，有的可保留部分肾组织，有的需切除整个肾脏。\n    \u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\n      \u003Cstrong>靶向治疗：\u003C/strong> 一些特定药物能抑制肿瘤生长，比如舒尼替尼（Sunitinib）、卡博替尼（Cabozantinib）、阿昔替尼（Axitinib）等，这些药针对肾癌相关分子的变化进行“精准打击” \u003Cspan class=\"scpk-ref\">(Chandrasekar, 2025; Gomella, 2025)\u003C/span>。\n    \u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\n      \u003Cstrong>免疫疗法：\u003C/strong> 如检查点抑制剂（PD-L1单抗），通过刺激免疫系统，让身体自身“识别和清除”异常细胞。\n    \u003C/li>\n  \u003C/ul>\n  \u003Cp class=\"scpk-paragraph\">\n    对于肾癌转移或不能耐受手术的患者，还有放射消融或主动监测等新型疗法可选。具体方案得结合诊断结果、个体健康状况来决定。如果已经有合并症，比如肾功能不全或糖尿病，医生会同步关注其他系统的治疗。\n  \u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"scpk-section scpk-bg6\">\n  \u003Ch3 class=\"scpk-heading\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">06 如何在生活中防范肾癌？\u003C/h3>\n  \u003Cp class=\"scpk-paragraph\">\n    说到预防，良好的生活习惯比什么都管用。这一部分只讲“什么有益”，不提什么风险食物。日常饮食、适度运动和规律体检，每一项都有积极意义。\n  \u003C/p>\n  \u003Cul class=\"scpk-prevention-list\">\n    \u003Cli>\n      \u003Cstrong>蔬菜水果\u003C/strong> 🥗 ：含多种抗氧化物，有助于保持细胞健康。每餐适量搭配，可以帮助免疫力提高。（Fuchs, M. et al., 2018）\n    \u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\n      \u003Cstrong>充足饮水\u003C/strong> 💦 ：保证每天适量饮水，对于肾脏代谢很友好，有助于稀释尿液中的有害成分。\n    \u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\n      \u003Cstrong>有氧运动\u003C/strong> 🚶 ：例如快步走、慢跑，每周建议三次以上，有助于调节体重、降低慢性病风险。\n    \u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\n      \u003Cstrong>定期体检\u003C/strong> 🩺 ：40岁后建议每两年做一次肾脏检查，像腹部B超就很方便，遇到尿液异常、身体消瘦、腰部持续疼痛要及时就医。\n    \u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\n      \u003Cstrong>充足睡眠\u003C/strong> 🌙 ：规律作息对于免疫力维护有好处。晚上别熬夜，让细胞“休息”得更充分。\n    \u003C/li>\n  \u003C/ul>\n  \u003Cp class=\"scpk-paragraph\">\n    这些方法，是帮肾脏“小卫士”维持本职工作，减少异常细胞在体内作怪的机会。如果体检发现有肾囊肿或结石，医生会根据检查结果决定是否进一步治疗。持续养成良好习惯，比单独“防癌”更健康、也更长久。\n  \u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"scpk-section scpk-bg7\">\n  \u003Ch3 class=\"scpk-heading\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">结语与行动建议\u003C/h3>\n  \u003Cp class=\"scpk-paragraph\">\n    肾癌并不是“可怕对手”，身体有点小变化时，别着急，也不要完全忽略。了解症状、认识风险、重视体检，让预防和治疗都变得简单可行。在实际生活中，饮食、运动、规律作息就是最实用的防线。关注自己和家人健康，用适当的方法去应对这些不速之客，是我们日常最有温度的选择。\n  \u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"scpk-section scpk-reference\">\n  \u003Ch3 class=\"scpk-heading\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">参考文献\u003C/h3>\n  \u003Cul class=\"scpk-ref-list\">\n    \u003Cli>\n      Chandrasekar, T., & Gomella, L. G. (2025). \u003Ci>Kidney Cancer: Symptoms and Causes\u003C/i>. Merck Manual Consumer Version. Retrieved from \u003Ca href=\"https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/kidney-cancer/symptoms-and-causes-of-kidney-cancer\" target=\"_blank\">msdmanuals.com\u003C/a>\n    \u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\n      Fuchs, M., Landberg, R., & Roswall, N. (2018). Fruits and vegetables and risk of renal cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis. \u003Ci>International Journal of Cancer\u003C/i>, 142, 63-70. \u003Ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28984357/\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed\u003C/a>\n    \u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\n      Motzer, R. J., et al. (2018). Sunitinib versus Sorafenib in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. \u003Ci>New England Journal of Medicine\u003C/i>, 378(7), 617-629.\n    \u003C/li>\n  \u003C/ul>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n.scpk-material-title {\n  font-size: 32px;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  color: #195c5c;\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f1faf9 70%, #e2f0ed 100%);\n  padding: 28px 18px 18px 28px;\n  border-radius: 18px 18px 0 0;\n  margin-bottom: 8px;\n  letter-spacing: 1px;\n}\n\n.scpk-section {\n  box-sizing: border-box;\n  margin-bottom: 24px;\n  border-radius: 16px;\n  padding: 26px 28px;\n  min-width: 340px;\n  max-width: 900px;\n  font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;\n}\n\n.scpk-bg1 {\n  background: linear-gradient(100deg, #f9f9f9 60%, #eaf8f4 100%);\n  border-left: 7px solid #2d8b8b;\n}\n.scpk-bg2 {\n  background: linear-gradient(110deg, #f0f7fa 50%, #e0f0f1 90%);\n  border-left: 7px solid #369899;\n}\n.scpk-bg3 {\n  background: linear-gradient(45deg, #f3faf7 80%, #e5eae8 100%);\n  border-left: 7px solid #43a58f;\n}\n.scpk-bg4 {\n  background: linear-gradient(98deg, #f5f7f8 74%, #dde9ec 100%);\n  border-left: 7px solid #4685a6;\n}\n.scpk-bg5 {\n  background: linear-gradient(82deg, #f5fcfa 64%, #eaf5ee 100%);\n  border-left: 7px solid #4e9478;\n}\n.scpk-bg6 {\n  background: linear-gradient(112deg, #f7f8fc 77%, #e2e7f8 98%);\n  border-left: 7px solid #5c82ac;\n}\n.scpk-bg7 {\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f8fcfa 70%, #e6f3ec 100%);\n  border-left: 7px solid #628e88;\n}\n\n.scpk-heading {\n  font-size: 26px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  margin-bottom: 14px;\n  color: #22766f;\n  padding: 0 0 2px 2px;\n  letter-spacing: 0.5px;\n  background: none;\n}\n\n.scpk-paragraph {\n  font-size: 17px;\n  color: #355d5d;\n  margin-bottom: 14px;\n  line-height: 1.8em;\n  word-break: break-word;\n}\n\n.scpk-emoji {\n  font-size: 22px;\n  margin-right: 5px;\n  vertical-align: middle;\n}\n\n.scpk-highlight {\n  background: #eefffa;\n  border-left: 4px solid #57b8b8;\n  border-radius: 11px;\n  padding: 10px 16px;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  margin: 10px 0 0 0;\n}\n\n.scpk-symptom-list,\n.scpk-factor-list,\n.scpk-treatment-list,\n.scpk-prevention-list {\n  margin: 0 0 15px 0;\n  padding: 0 0 0 16px;\n}\n\n.scpk-symptom-list li,\n.scpk-factor-list li,\n.scpk-treatment-list li,\n.scpk-prevention-list li {\n  font-size: 17px;\n  color: #35627a;\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\n  line-height: 1.7em;\n  list-style-type: disc;\n}\n\n.scpk-case-block {\n  background: #f7fafc;\n  border-left: 4px solid #b8cfdc;\n  border-radius: 10px;\n  padding: 8px 16px;\n  margin: 10px 0 15px 0;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  color: #434f54;\n  letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n  line-height: 1.7em;\n}\n\n.scpk-reference {\n  background: #f5fbfa;\n  border-left: 7px solid #4eb5af;\n  border-radius: 14px;\n  margin-bottom: 32px;\n  padding: 20px 30px;\n}\n\n.scpk-ref-list {\n  padding-left: 18px;\n  margin: 0;\n}\n\n.scpk-ref-list li {\n  font-size: 16px;\n  color: #467272;\n  margin-bottom: 7px;\n  line-height: 1.4em;\n}\n\n.scpk-ref {\n  font-size: 16px;\n  color: #488993;\n  background: #eaf3f5;\n  border-radius: 7px;\n  margin-left: 4px;\n  padding: 0 5px;\n  font-weight: 500;\n  letter-spacing: 0.2px;\n}\n\u003C/style>\n\n","\u003Ch2 id=\"material_title\" class=\"scpk-material-title\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px",491,"2025-08-27 11:38:55","肾癌, 肾细胞癌, 血尿, 腰部疼痛, 肾脏检查, 预防肾癌, 治疗肾癌, 健康生活, 早期症状, 医学科普","深入了解肾癌的症状、成因与治疗方法，及时发现与应对，让你和家人健康无忧。关注肾癌风险，科学预防和治疗。","2025-09-08 14:59:37",2,[34],{"menuId":35,"menuName":36,"parentId":21,"orderNum":32,"path":37,"component":38,"isFrame":39,"isCache":40,"menuType":41,"visible":42,"status":21,"createDept":6,"remark":23,"createTime":43,"children":44,"columnImage":45,"columnLogo":46,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":42,"isHome":21,"forceLogin":21,"color":47,"seoTitle":48,"seoKeywords":49,"seoDescription":50,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":51,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":52,"routerPath":37,"componentInfo":38},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","癌症肿瘤,重大疾病",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":56,"success":54},{"pageNo":42,"pageSize":57,"result":58,"totalSize":21},10,[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":60,"success":54},{"authors":61,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":62},[],[]]