[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fOCH3lgVTSgcr5hn3EaiTrxmp5QBQpJfKNqPri3nuVVk":8,"$fBkTYCo46xak_aPMJA7UAo4xbDM_A02dVZPIqaZ3Wlr4":55,"$fWkfPHmBQjjXEwsS2U3n5vqH97tT0wfe3h1aokVimxvs":59},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":54},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":21,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":21,"createTime":28,"seoTitle":22,"seoKeywords":29,"seoDescription":30,"shelvesTime":31,"version":32,"menus":33,"menuId":35,"type":42,"quality":53,"commentCount":21,"isComment":42},59611,863606,[],"https://cdn.haohuanjiao.com/learnMaterial/ystApp//10x0qa4QE8R9IsU7uBiZyKOqo8ZMFXhJ.png","许昌栋","培训机构上海市卫生健康委员会","麻醉科","住院医师",16,0,"麻醉在输尿管结石治疗中的应用：从术前准备到术后管理的全面指南","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/d4fd2760-d788-46bc-a4c9-326ce2946760.jpg","\u003Cdiv class=\"material-main-container\">\n  \u003Ch2 id=\"material_title\" class=\"material-title\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">麻醉在输尿管结石治疗中的应用：从术前准备到术后管理的全面指南\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section\" style=\"background: #f7fafb url('') repeat-x; background-size: cover;\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">01 日常生活中的\"无声支持\"：麻醉在输尿管结石手术的角色 🩺\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        在医院手术室外，总有家属焦急等待，想知道亲人的手术过程会不会痛、安不安全。这种担忧背后，其实有一支\"隐形队伍\"默默守护着每位患者——那就是麻醉团队。尤其在输尿管结石的治疗中，不论是碎石还是取石，麻醉像一位幕后指挥，确保整场\"演出\"顺利进行。很多人习惯把注意力放在医生的手术操作，其实麻醉的\"隐身作用\"才是让患者舒服、安全的关键，用一句简单的话总结：\"让你痛苦减到最小，也让手术顺利完成\"。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        输尿管结石会引发强烈的疼痛感（有时像突然\"翻江倒海\"那样），麻醉的任务就是帮你\"屏蔽\"这些疼痛。同时，在手术期间维持你的心跳、呼吸平稳，等于为身体\"保驾护航\"。所以，别忽视麻醉，正是他们的专业守护，让患者的体验变得轻松又放心。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section\" style=\"background: #f3f8f6 url('') repeat-x; background-size: cover;\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">02 常见的麻醉方式与实际场景 👨‍⚕️\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        输尿管结石的手术方式比较多，其中麻醉方案也有不同选择。简单来说，大致有以下几种主要方式：\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cul class=\"material-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>局部麻醉\u003C/strong>：适合微创碎石等短时间、小范围的操作。比如体外冲击波碎石（ESWL），通常用药物让局部区域暂时\"失去知觉\"，患者基本保持清醒，适合耐受能力较好的朋友。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>全身麻醉\u003C/strong>：涉及体内手术操作时（如输尿管镜取石或经尿道激光碎石），患者会\"睡着\"，手术进行期间无痛感，也没有回忆。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>腰麻或硬膜外麻醉\u003C/strong>：适用于有特殊健康需求者，如心、肺功能较弱或年纪偏大的患者，可让身体下半部分暂时麻木，减少全身负担。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        比如，38岁男性患者因右侧输尿管结石合并肾积水接受了\u003Cem>经尿道输尿管激光碎石取石术\u003C/em>和支架植入，选择了全身麻醉，手术期间无痛、生命体征稳定，术后还用了自控镇痛泵做进一步疼痛管理。从这个故事可以看出，合适的麻醉方式让患者体验明显提升，安全也得到极大保障。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section\" style=\"background: #f8f6f3 url('') repeat-x; background-size: cover;\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">03 为什么会得输尿管结石？机制背后的风险因素 🧐\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        很多人关心为什么会生结石，其实原因并不单一。大方向上，和水分摄入少、饮食偏咸、动物蛋白多有直接关系（Zengkun, F., 2022）。长期缺乏充足饮水，尿液变得浓缩，矿物盐容易沉积，\"就像茶壶老是不倒水，壶底就会形成水垢\"。当然，这只是个比喻，身体里的结石更复杂。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        结石的形成还和遗传、年龄、曾经得过泌尿系统疾病相关。不仅如此，有些情况下身体的某个腺体分泌异常，也可能让尿里钙或其他成分增加，造成结石。此外，肥胖、代谢综合征、糖尿病等慢性基础病也是风险要素。这说明，保持健康的生活习惯不只是口号，真能影响结石发生率。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        需要小心，结石如果引起了堵塞，比如卡在输尿管、导致肾积水，不仅疼痛剧烈，还可能引发感染甚至肾脏功能损伤。调查发现，结石患者中，反复复发的情况并不少见（Curhan, G.C., Willett, W.C., Rimm, E.B., & Stampfer, M.J. (1996).  A prospective study of dietary calcium and other nutrients and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones. \u003Cem>New England Journal of Medicine, 328\u003C/em>(12), 833-838.）。这进一步提示我们，关注自身风险，提前管理健康很有必要。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section\" style=\"background: #f6f3f8 url('') repeat-x; background-size: cover;\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">04 围术期监护：人体的\"安全气囊\"\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        手术开始到结束，患者仿佛\"睡着\"了，但实际整个过程就像长途驾驶有专属的安全气囊。麻醉医生会同时监测心跳、血压、血氧、呼吸等各项指标，发现偏差能第一时间反应，防止意外发生。如果过程中出现血压下降、心律变化、呼吸暂停等意外，麻醉医生的应变能有效保障患者安全。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        围术期监测还有个作用——通过调节药物用量，让患者在整个手术过程中始终保持最合适的镇静、镇痛深度。这期间，体温维持也很重要，过冷或过热都不利于术后恢复。专业数据显示，科学的围术期管理能明显降低手术相关并发症，尤其在高龄或合并慢性疾病的患者中更为关键（Butterworth, J.F., Mackey, D.C., & Wasnick, J.D. (2018). \u003Cem>Clinical Anesthesiology\u003C/em>）。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        说起来，很多人觉得麻醉师不\"露脸\"，其实他们就是那位不在台前的守夜人，守住了每一份安全。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section\" style=\"background: #f5f5f2 url('') repeat-x; background-size: cover;\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">05 术后疼痛管理：让恢复更舒适 👍\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        手术完成以后，并不是一切都结束了。术后疼痛其实是很多患者最担心的事情之一。为了解决这个问题，一些医院会应用术后自控镇痛系统（PCA），患者自己在需要时按下按钮，得到小剂量镇痛药物，既避免剧烈疼痛又能减少过量用药的风险。这种方式比较人性化，也让患者更放心。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        上面那位38岁的男性患者在术后采用了自控镇痛泵，他术后反映疼痛明显缓解，入睡质量也变好，恢复速度很理想。其实，疼痛管理不仅让人更舒服，还能减少术后身体应激反应，比如心率升高、血压波动，降低手术相关并发症的可能性（Wu, C.L., & Raja, S.N. (2011). Treatment of acute postoperative pain. \u003Cem>Lancet, 377\u003C/em>(9784), 2215-2225.）。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        有时候有人担心麻醉药物依赖，其实术后镇痛多数是短时间、低剂量用药，不必太焦虑。如果疼痛仍持续或者加重，及时反馈给医生进行评估就最好不过。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section\" style=\"background: #f0f7f9 url('') repeat-x; background-size: cover;\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">06 麻醉科医生的术后监护职责\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        手术室外的麻醉科医生依然忙碌着。他们会亲自查看患者术后恢复情况，包括清醒速度、生命体征、痛感、有没有呕吐、头晕等副作用。尤其是对于肥胖、年纪偏大或者有慢性基础疾病的人，麻醉科医生会根据恢复情况调整观察时间或者用药方案，有些复杂情况还会在重症监护病房短暂观察。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        这种多层次的管理，除了降低术后并发症风险，也减轻了家属和患者的担忧。正如一位学者总结：\"周到的麻醉和监护管理，是现代外科安全不可或缺的一环\"（Butterworth, J.F., Mackey, D.C., & Wasnick, J.D. (2018). \u003Cem>Clinical Anesthesiology\u003C/em>）。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        如果术后有如呼吸费力、剧烈头晕、过敏反应等特殊状况，麻醉团队能第一时间介入处理，这无形中为患者筑起了一道安全屏障。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section\" style=\"background: #f8faf5 url('') repeat-x; background-size: cover;\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">07 预防复发：日常生活的小习惯有大作用 🥗\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        说起预防，大家关心的往往是\"以后怎么避免再生结石\"。其实，饮食和生活方式上的调整最关键。下列方法对帮助预防结石有不错的辅助作用，简单易行：\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cul class=\"material-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-highlight\">多喝水\u003C/span>（维持每日2000-2500毫升左右）：有助于稀释尿液，减少矿物质沉积。《新英格兰医学杂志》相关研究明确，规律补水能有效降低新发结石风险（Curhan, G.C., Willett, W.C., Rimm, E.B., & Stampfer, M.J., 1996）。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-highlight\">新鲜蔬果\u003C/span>：富含钾、柠檬酸等成分，有助于抑制结石结晶。橙子、西瓜、黄瓜都很适合。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-highlight\">适量乳制品\u003C/span>（如牛奶、酸奶）：有利于正常钙代谢，避免吃太多动物蛋白影响尿钙水平。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-highlight\">保持规律运动\u003C/span>：增强代谢水平，间接减少结石形成机会，比如每天快走半小时，很容易做到。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-highlight\">定期体检\u003C/span>：如果有过结石经历，建议半年到一年复查一次泌尿系B超，如果发现早，一般能更快处理，不给结石机会\"壮大\"。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        如果出现不舒服，比如腰部持续胀痛、尿中有血、反复尿频，那么建议及时去医院泌尿外科**专科**就诊，由专业医生制定个性化的检查和防治方案，避免贻误病情。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/div>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-citation-section\" style=\"background: #f7f9f8;\">\n    \u003Ch3 class=\"material-citation-title\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">参考文献\u003C/h3>\n    \u003Cul class=\"material-citation\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        Curhan, G.C., Willett, W.C., Rimm, E.B., & Stampfer, M.J. (1996). A prospective study of dietary calcium and other nutrients and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones. \u003Cem>New England Journal of Medicine, 328\u003C/em>(12), 833-838.\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Butterworth, J.F., Mackey, D.C., & Wasnick, J.D. (2018). \u003Cem>Clinical Anesthesiology\u003C/em>. McGraw-Hill Education.\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Wu, C.L., & Raja, S.N. (2011). Treatment of acute postoperative pain. \u003Cem>Lancet, 377\u003C/em>(9784), 2215-2225.\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Zengkun, F. (2022). Treatment and prevention of ureter stones. Asia MD.\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Mayo Clinic. (2024). Kidney stones - Symptoms and causes. \u003Cem>Retrieved from\u003C/em> https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-stones/symptoms-causes/\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n.material-main-container {\n  max-width: 740px;\n  margin: 36px auto 48px auto;\n  background: #fff;\n  border-radius: 16px;\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(70, 70, 90, 0.11);\n  font-family: \"Segoe UI\", \"PingFang SC\", \"Hiragino Sans GB\", \"Arial\", sans-serif;\n  padding: 0 18px 32px 18px;\n  word-break: break-all;\n  font-size: 18px;\n  color: #21272a;\n}\n.material-title {\n  font-size: 2.15em;\n  color: #305078;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  margin-top: 46px;\n  margin-bottom: 28px;\n  line-height: 1.26;\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #e5ecef 65%, #f7fafb 100%);\n  padding-left: 12px;\n  border-left: 6px solid #aacbe7;\n  border-radius: 6px;\n  letter-spacing: 0.02em;\n  text-shadow: 0 1px 0 #fff;\n}\n.material-section {\n  margin-top: 32px;\n  padding: 34px 28px 30px 28px;\n  border-radius: 12px;\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(120, 145, 160, 0.08);\n  /* Background is set inline for each section for style diversity */\n}\n.material-subtitle {\n  font-size: 1.33em;\n  color: #21796d;\n  margin-bottom: 18px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  background: rgba(209, 236, 220, 0.19);\n  border-left: 4px solid #6ed7b6;\n  padding-left: 11px;\n  border-radius: 5px 0 0 5px;\n  letter-spacing: 0.01em;\n}\n.material-content {\n  font-size: 1.02em;\n  color: #283838;\n  line-height: 1.88;\n  background: rgba(246, 253, 250, 0.74);\n  border-radius: 7px;\n  padding: 5px 18px 5px 14px;\n  margin: 0 -10px;\n}\n.material-list {\n  margin: 13px 0 16px 17px;\n  padding-left: 0;\n  color: #244c38;\n  font-size: 1em;\n}\n.material-list li {\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\n  line-height: 1.7;\n  padding-left: 2px;\n}\n.material-list li strong,\n.material-highlight {\n  color: #21945f;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  background: #e4f7eb;\n  padding: 1px 6px;\n  border-radius: 4px;\n  font-size: 1em;\n}\n.material-citation-section {\n  margin-top: 38px;\n  padding: 19px 18px;\n  border-radius: 9px;\n  background: #f7f9f8;\n  font-size: 1em;\n}\n.material-citation-title {\n  font-size: 1.12em;\n  color: #3c6174;\n  font-weight: 500;\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\n  border-left: 4px solid #9dc3be;\n  padding-left: 9px;\n  letter-spacing: .01em;\n}\n.material-citation {\n  margin: 0 0 0 3px;\n  padding-left: 17px;\n  color: #6d8e7f;\n  font-size: 0.96em;\n  line-height: 1.74;\n}\n@media screen and (max-width: 700px) {\n  .material-main-container {\n    padding: 0 6px 28px 6px;\n    font-size: 16.1px;\n  }\n  .material-title {\n    font-size: 1.32em;\n    margin-top: 27px;\n    margin-bottom: 19px;\n    padding-left: 6px;\n  }\n  .material-section {\n    padding: 16px 7px 12px 7px;\n  }\n  .material-subtitle {\n    font-size: 1em;\n    margin-bottom: 12px;\n    padding-left: 6px;\n  }\n  .material-content {\n    padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;\n  }\n}\n\u003C/style>\n\n","\u003Cdiv class=\"material-main-container\">\n  \u003Ch2 id=\"material_title\" class=\"material-title\" style=\"color:",537,"2025-08-15 15:39:18","麻醉, 输尿管结石, 疼痛管理, 术后恢复, 腰麻","深入探讨麻醉在输尿管结石手术中的关键角色，从术前准备到术后疼痛管理，提供专业见解与实用建议，帮助患者安心就医。","2025-08-16 07:01:10",2,[34],{"menuId":35,"menuName":36,"parentId":21,"orderNum":32,"path":37,"component":38,"isFrame":39,"isCache":40,"menuType":41,"visible":42,"status":21,"createDept":6,"remark":23,"createTime":43,"children":44,"columnImage":45,"columnLogo":46,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":42,"isHome":21,"forceLogin":21,"color":47,"seoTitle":48,"seoKeywords":49,"seoDescription":50,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":51,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":52,"routerPath":37,"componentInfo":38},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","高发轻症",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":56,"success":54},{"pageNo":42,"pageSize":57,"result":58,"totalSize":21},10,[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":60,"success":54},{"authors":61,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":62},[],[]]