[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fUoDvsFYgt4eQNo_JKK_nZpI1qCsByGXCT-Hkh7CrPDM":8,"$fIHPU8-UBvp8pwAW6SvZqBpA6pb2r8cfNN8Z9_x-66T8":55,"$f2rAceGOmr6b1VnIG8lCzj5MIj2POWGGiTxE5ORnocoM":59},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":54},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":21,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":21,"createTime":28,"seoTitle":22,"seoKeywords":29,"seoDescription":30,"shelvesTime":31,"version":32,"menus":33,"menuId":35,"type":42,"quality":53,"commentCount":21,"isComment":42},58822,867504,[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/learnMaterial/ystApp//FYfcNJ7etsykPpOKiuaxk8zzyaKQMAjq.png","周坤","浙江大学医学院附属第一医院","胸外科","住院医师",49,0,"饮食与健康：识别与应对食管癌","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/286f6775-fc1f-42cc-912f-660cb457f767.jpg","\u003Cdiv class=\"material-escc-container\">\n\n  \u003Ch2 id=\"material_title\" class=\"material-escc-title\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">饮食与健康：识别与应对食管癌\u003C/h2>\n\n  \u003C!-- 01 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-escc-section material-escc-bg1\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-escc-header\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">01 食管癌是什么？日常生活里的不速之客\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-escc-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        在日常生活中，很少有人会特意关注自己的食管。却有人在某一天突然发现，吃东西时总觉得有点别扭，咽下的时候轻微卡壳。其实，\u003Cstrong>食管癌\u003C/strong>说简单点，就是在连接喉咙和胃的通道——食管上，出现了异常增生的细胞。这些不正常的细胞会慢慢长大，影响食物顺利从口咽到胃里。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        食管癌的出现不像感冒那样直截了当，初期往往悄无声息。但一旦症状明显，多半已经发展了一段时间。这就是为什么清楚食管癌基本知识，对于早一点发现和及时应对，有很大的帮助。\u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-emoji\">🔍\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 02 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-escc-section material-escc-bg2\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-escc-header\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">02 吞咽不顺？别把这些症状当小事\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-escc-content\">\n      \u003Cul class=\"material-escc-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-title\">① 起初只是偶尔感觉咽东西不太顺滑\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cbr>比如某一天吃饭，原本畅通的吞咽，突然有了些微的滞涩感。有人会想是不是菜太干，水喝少了。其实，这有可能是食管黏膜已经被轻微刺激。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-title\">② 吞咽困难持续出现并逐渐加重\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cbr>如果卡顿感变成常态，尤其是吃点硬一点的食物、馒头干饭都卡在胸口，或者得多喝水帮助下咽，那一定要警惕。有位69岁的男性患者就是因为这种吞咽哽咽，持续了好久才来就医。经过新辅助治疗后，他的吞咽感才终于有所好转。这个例子说明，持续的吞咽困难应该尽早就医检查。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-title\">③ 胸部不适、隐约疼痛\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cbr>有些人抱怨胸骨后隐约疼痛或有压迫感，尤其是在吃饭后，有可能已经提示食管出现病变。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-title\">④ 体重明显减轻\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cbr>如果没有节食、运动，却发现体重在一两个月内莫名降低，也别轻视这类信号。这往往说明进食受阻，影响了能量摄入。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        假如出现以上变化，不要单纯归咎于\"年纪大\"或者\"牙口不好\"，及时联系专业医生，才能早发现早帮助。\u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-emoji\">🩺\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 03 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-escc-section material-escc-bg3\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-escc-header\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">03 为什么会得食管癌？这些生活习惯别小看\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-escc-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        很多人都会问：\u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-emoji\">❓\u003C/span>食管癌，到底是哪些因素作祟？医学研究发现，真正决定风险高低的，其实还是日积月累的生活习惯。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cul class=\"material-escc-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-title\">1. 长期食用过热、粗糙的食物\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cbr>\n          吃饭喜欢趁热、吞咽速度过快，或者经常吃硬质难咀嚼的食物，会让食管黏膜反复被热烫或机械损伤。黏膜长期“受累”，就容易出现异常修复，增加细胞变异机会。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-title\">2. 喜爱高盐、腌制及霉变食物\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cbr>\n          盐分和腌制制品中的亚硝酸盐等成分，对食管黏膜有刺激本事。长期吃这些食物，可能提升患癌风险。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-title\">3. 吸烟、饮酒\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cbr>\n          吸烟不仅伤肺，对食管也不友好。酒精更是食管癌的重要诱因之一，两者叠加作用时风险成倍增长。相关研究证明，长期酗酒和吸烟者患病比例远高于非吸烟不饮酒者（Yankaskas, B.C. et al., 1983）。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-title\">4. 慢性食管炎、胃食管反流病\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cbr>\n          有这些基础病的人群，因食管黏膜持续暴露于胃酸等有害物质下，更容易出现慢性损伤。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-title\">5. 年龄、遗传和地区因素\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cbr>\n          食管癌发病多在50岁以后，且某些地区发病率偏高，比如中国“食管癌带”区域。部分人还存在家族聚集现象。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        简单说，绝大多数食管癌与日常饮食、生活方式密切相关。对高危因素保持警觉，有益于我们自查和健康评估。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 04 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-escc-section material-escc-bg4\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-escc-header\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">04 如何诊断食管癌？检查流程一图读懂\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-escc-content\">\n      \u003Col class=\"material-escc-list-num\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-title\">✦ 内镜检查\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cbr>\n          这是目前诊断食管癌最常用的方式。医生会借助柔软的内镜从口腔送入，直接看到食管黏膜的变化。有异常部位时，可以当场取一点组织，送去化验（这叫活检）。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-title\">✦ 影像学检查\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cbr>\n          有时需做CT、核磁共振等，帮助判断肿瘤范围及是否扩散，更好为后续治疗方案评估基础。如有需要，还会进行超声内镜等进一步定位。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-title\">✦ 病理学分析\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cbr>\n          活检获取的组织将被专门染色，病理医生观察细胞形态，最终确定是否为恶性。如果细胞异常分化，基本可确诊。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ol>\n      \u003Cp>\n        有些人听到“内镜检查”会很紧张。其实现在绝大多数医院可以选择无痛方案，全程仅需十来分钟。只要配合专业团队，整个过程通常不会有剧烈不适感。 \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-emoji\">👨‍⚕️\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 05 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-escc-section material-escc-bg5\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-escc-header\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">05 治疗手段有哪些？每一步都很讲究\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-escc-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        得了食管癌，并不意味着所有的路都堵死了。其实，选择合适的治疗，很多患者能过得不错，恢复信心也很重要。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cul class=\"material-escc-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-title\">✔️ 手术切除\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cbr>\n          对于早中期患者，外科手术移除病变部位是常见做法。手术方式不断进步，目前微创、胸腔镜等新技术被广泛采用，可减小损伤促进恢复。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-title\">✔️ 放疗、化疗\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cbr>\n          如果病变范围较广，或手术风险较高，会采用放射线治疗、药物化疗，单独或联合使用。以化疗方案为例，一般根据患者具体体力、肿瘤特征制定个体化疗程。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-title\">✔️ 新辅助及靶向等先进疗法\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cbr>\n          部分患者在手术前先做化疗、免疫或靶向治疗，以缩小肿瘤后再实施根治性切除。比如上述69岁男患者，他就在化疗和免疫联合治疗后症状明显改善，为后续手术创造了更优条件。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        医生会根据每位患者的具体情况，量身定制治疗方案。只要配合治疗，大部分人都能获得症状缓解，并改善生活质量。\u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-emoji\">🎯\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 06 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-escc-section material-escc-bg6\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-escc-header\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">06 怎样更好预防？日常饮食管理帮大忙\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-escc-content\">\n      \u003Cul class=\"material-escc-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-title\">✅ 温凉适口的食物\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cbr>\n          农村常说“热饭热菜最下饭”，可身体更喜欢温和的食物。选择接近体温的汤粥、饭菜，能减小食管黏膜受刺激机会。\u003Cbr>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-recommend\">食用建议：\u003C/span>建议中午、晚上吃饭稍放凉点入口，避免追求“腾腾热气”带来的风险。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-title\">✅ 新鲜蔬菜水果\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cbr>\n          富含维生素C、E、纤维素，有助于黏膜修复，提高抗氧化能力。\u003Cbr>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-recommend\">食用建议：\u003C/span>每天保证1-2种新鲜时蔬搭配，多样化选择，如菠菜、胡萝卜、番茄等。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-title\">✅ 豆类、坚果适量摄入\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cbr>\n          大豆及其制品、核桃、花生等坚果，含优质蛋白和多种营养素，能增强机体免疫功能。\u003Cbr>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-recommend\">食用建议：\u003C/span>早餐或两餐之间适量食用，有益于整体营养均衡。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-title\">✅ 规律作息与适量运动\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cbr>\n          保持稳定的作息时间和充足睡眠，适合的体育活动如散步、慢跑，提升整体健康状态。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-title\">✅ 心态平和、关注身体细微变化\u003C/span>\n          \u003Cbr>\n          与家人朋友多交流，遇到持续不适及时就医，不必一人独自担忧。\u003Cbr>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-list-recommend\">特别提醒：\u003C/span>建议40岁以后定期做一次胃肠镜检查，家族史或有症状者可适当提前。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        其实，健康的饮食和生活方式，不仅有益预防食管癌，对整个消化系统都大有裨益。偶尔聚餐，适度是可以的，保持平衡才是长远之道。\u003Cspan class=\"material-escc-emoji\">🥦🍎\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003C!-- 参考文献部分 -->\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-escc-section material-escc-bg7\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"material-escc-header\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">参考文献\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-escc-content\">\n      \u003Col class=\"material-escc-ref-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          Yankaskas, B.C., Greenberg, R.S., Amand, R.P., et al. (1983). \"Smoking, alcohol, and tobacco chewing and cancer of the esophagus: a population-based case-control study in the United States.\" \u003Cem>American Journal of Epidemiology, 118\u003C/em>(6), 740–747.\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n         Lagergren, J., Smyth, E., Cunningham, D., & Lagergren, P. (2017). \"Oesophageal cancer.\" \u003Cem>The Lancet, 390\u003C/em>(10110), 2383–2396. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31462-9\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n         Rustgi, A. K., & El-Serag, H. B. (2014). \"Esophageal carcinoma.\" \u003Cem>New England Journal of Medicine, 371\u003C/em>, 2499–2509. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1314530\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n         Holmes, R. S., Vaughan, T. L. (2007). \"Epidemiology and pathogenesis of esophageal cancer.\" \u003Cem>Seminars in Radiation Oncology, 17\u003C/em>(1), 2–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semradonc.2006.09.003\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ol>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n\u003C/div>\n\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n.material-escc-container {\n  max-width: 780px;\n  margin: 36px auto;\n  background: #fdfbf7;\n  border-radius: 18px;\n  padding: 32px 32px 40px 32px;\n  box-shadow: 0 4px 38px rgba(87, 82, 56, 0.10);\n  font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n  color: #35302b;\n  line-height: 1.8;\n}\n.material-escc-title {\n  font-size: 2.3em;\n  color: #5b4139;\n  letter-spacing: 1px;\n  text-align: center;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  margin-bottom: 30px;\n  margin-top: 0;\n  padding-top: 0;\n}\n.material-escc-section {\n  border-radius: 18px;\n  margin: 28px 0 32px 0;\n  padding: 30px 22px 28px 22px;\n  background-position: right bottom;\n  background-repeat: no-repeat;\n  background-size: 180px 90px;\n  box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n.material-escc-header {\n  font-size: 1.35em;\n  color: #9a7151;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  margin-bottom: 17px;\n  position: relative;\n  padding-left: 16px;\n}\n.material-escc-header::before {\n  content: '';\n  display: inline-block;\n  width: 5px;\n  height: 21px;\n  border-radius: 4px;\n  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #CDB892 60%, #fff8de 100%);\n  position: absolute;\n  left: 0;\n  top: 2px;\n}\n.material-escc-content {\n  font-size: 1.06em;\n}\n.material-escc-list, .material-escc-list-num {\n  margin-top: 12px;\n  margin-bottom: 11px;\n  padding-left: 17px;\n}\n.material-escc-list > li, .material-escc-list-num > li {\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\n  padding-left: 0;\n}\n.material-escc-list-num > li {\n  list-style-type: decimal;\n  margin-left: 25px;\n  padding-left: 0;\n}\n.material-escc-list-title {\n  font-weight: 520;\n  color: #716157;\n}\n.material-escc-list-recommend {\n  font-weight: 400;\n  color: #9e6333;\n  font-size: 0.97em;\n  margin-right: 0.6em;\n}\n.material-escc-emoji {\n  font-size: 1.18em;\n  margin-left: 2px;\n}\n.material-escc-ref-list {\n  margin: 6px 0 0 25px;\n  font-size: 0.97em;\n  color: #524f46;\n}\n.material-escc-bg1 {\n  background: linear-gradient(101deg, #f6ecd7 50%, #f6f1e4 100%);\n}\n.material-escc-bg2 {\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f6f1e4 60%, #e4ede6 100%);\n}\n.material-escc-bg3 {\n  background: linear-gradient(94deg, #e7f1f7 70%, #fcf5e2 100%);\n}\n.material-escc-bg4 {\n  background: linear-gradient(92deg, #e2eefa 80%, #ede9e1 100%);\n}\n.material-escc-bg5 {\n  background: linear-gradient(99deg, #f5f8ef 65%, #f1eae5 100%);\n}\n.material-escc-bg6 {\n  background: linear-gradient(97deg, #ecefe5 80%, #f7ede0 100%);\n}\n.material-escc-bg7 {\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f5f3ee 60%, #e7ece6 100%);\n}\n@media screen and (max-width: 920px) {\n  .material-escc-container {\n    padding: 18px 5% 28px 5%;\n    min-width: 0;\n  }\n  .material-escc-section {\n    padding: 17px 10px 22px 10px;\n    background-size: 140px 58px;\n  }\n}\n@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {\n  .material-escc-title {\n    font-size: 1.45em;\n    margin-bottom: 13px;\n  }\n  .material-escc-section {\n    padding: 13px 3vw 16px 3vw;\n    background-size: 82px 28px;\n  }\n  .material-escc-header {\n    font-size: 1.1em;\n    padding-left: 10px;\n  }\n}\n\u003C/style>\n\n","\u003Cdiv class=\"material-escc-container\">\n\n  \u003Ch2 id=\"material_title\" class=\"material-escc-title\" style=\"",504,"2025-08-13 17:21:04","食管癌, 吞咽困难, 食管健康, 预防食管癌, 食管癌症状, 饮食习惯, 消化系统疾病, 健康生活方式","了解食管癌的症状、原因及有效预防措施，帮助早期识别并寻求医疗帮助，保障你的消化系统健康。","2025-08-17 14:52:00",2,[34],{"menuId":35,"menuName":36,"parentId":21,"orderNum":32,"path":37,"component":38,"isFrame":39,"isCache":40,"menuType":41,"visible":42,"status":21,"createDept":6,"remark":23,"createTime":43,"children":44,"columnImage":45,"columnLogo":46,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":42,"isHome":21,"forceLogin":21,"color":47,"seoTitle":48,"seoKeywords":49,"seoDescription":50,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":51,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":52,"routerPath":37,"componentInfo":38},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","癌症肿瘤,重大疾病",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":56,"success":54},{"pageNo":42,"pageSize":57,"result":58,"totalSize":21},10,[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":60,"success":54},{"authors":61,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":62},[],[]]