[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fnrzeDfmSTXObKWESoa12SXxBmv2Pj0_8WIBBhP1-CrM":8,"$fl5KuWmRToqpMXaC0H_BYUDeh96LMN_tMK0dU_WhVLp0":56,"$fsvy_kQCq1CqUgii4eihBwLP8WiTWmSHZjco2WRPPONM":60},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":55},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":28,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":28,"createTime":29,"seoTitle":22,"seoKeywords":30,"seoDescription":31,"shelvesTime":32,"version":33,"menus":34,"menuId":36,"type":43,"quality":54,"commentCount":28,"isComment":43},57278,868670,[],"https://cdn.haohuanjiao.com/learnMaterial/ystApp//BrnCCU1UlcOyBs6dZaviUfgqZDr8YThI.png","姚敏亚","浙江大学医学院附属第一医院","甲状腺乳腺外科","副主任医师",25,23,"乳腺癌常识：关于乳腺癌你必须要知道的事","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/217c16d2-eb4a-438d-b0e4-a96347369f6b.jpg","\u003Cdiv id=\"material_title\">\n  \u003Ch1 class=\"breast-guide-title\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">乳腺癌常识：关于乳腺癌你必须要知道的事\u003C/h1>\n\u003C/div>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"breast-guide-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"breast-guide-bg1\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"breast-guide-h2\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">01 什么是乳腺癌？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"breast-guide-intro\">\n      乳腺癌说起来，可能让不少人第一时间联想到“大病”这个词。其实在繁忙的生活中，许多人并没有刻意去关注这件事：乳腺癌，指的就是乳腺组织里出现了一些异常的细胞，这些细胞不受控制地生长，最终会形成肿块或肿瘤。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp class=\"breast-guide-text\">\n      这些异常细胞最常见于乳腺里的乳管和小叶（主要负责分泌乳汁的地方）。一开始，可能它们只安静地待在原位，还没有造成生命威胁。但如果没有及时发现并控制，这些细胞就像是不速之客，可能穿墙越户，迁移到周围组织甚至身体其他部位。\u003Cspan class=\"breast-guide-emoji\">🎯\u003C/span>\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp class=\"breast-guide-note\">\n      需要注意的是，乳腺癌并不是女性的“专利”，虽然绝大多数患者是女性，但也偶尔会在男性身上发现。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"breast-guide-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"breast-guide-bg2\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"breast-guide-h2\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">02 乳腺癌的早期和明显警示信号\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cul class=\"breast-guide-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>1. 乳腺细微变化\u003C/strong>：最开始的日子里，乳腺癌很安静。可能偶尔能摸到一个小小的、质地偏硬的肿块，但没有疼痛，也不影响工作和生活。这类无声的变化，容易和普通的乳腺增生混淆。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>2. 明显症状出现时\u003C/strong>：如果有持续、明显的乳房肿块——比如放假时洗澡碰到一块“硬币大小”的结节，或者乳房和以往有了明显的形状、大小改变，尤其是摸到肿块时表面不光滑，就要提高警觉。有时皮肤会出现局部凹陷或橘皮样、乳头内陷、溢液（特别是带血的分泌物）。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>3. 真实病例小结\u003C/strong>：有位43岁的女性朋友，手术后定期随访，正是因为早期注意到乳腺的硬结，才及时到医院排查，最终选择正规治疗。\u003Cspan class=\"breast-guide-emoji\">👩‍⚕️\u003C/span>从她的经历可以看出，早发现早诊断真的能让后续过程更放心。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp class=\"breast-guide-tip\">\n      别忽视乳房区持续出现的异样，比如持久的肿块、皮肤变色或反复分泌物。这些信号是身体的“小提示”。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"breast-guide-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"breast-guide-bg3\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"breast-guide-h2\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">03 乳腺癌为什么会找上门？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"breast-guide-text\">\n      很多朋友会问，乳腺癌是怎么发生的？其实，这背后牵扯到几方面原因，有些能控制，有些靠天意。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul class=\"breast-guide-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>遗传基因影响\u003C/strong>：如果父母、姐妹等直系亲属有乳腺癌病史，风险会明显提高。有些基因突变（如BRCA1、BRCA2）已被证实会增加乳腺癌的可能性。研究（Mavaddat, N., et al., 2019, \u003Cem>New England Journal of Medicine\u003C/em>）表明，携带这些突变的女性一生患病风险远高于普通人。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>激素水平变化\u003C/strong>：比方说，初潮早、绝经晚、生育晚或不生育的人，乳腺长时间处于激素刺激状态，会增加患病概率。此外，长期服用雌激素相关药物、绝经后激素替代疗法，也会推高风险。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>年龄、生活方式有关\u003C/strong>：年龄越大风险越高。还有，肥胖、长期不运动和高热量饮食，与乳腺癌发病率呈正相关（Colditz, G.A., et al., 2014, \u003Cem>CA Cancer J Clin\u003C/em>）。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>酒精、辐射等外部因素\u003C/strong>：过量饮酒、接受过胸部放射的治疗、吸烟等，也都被科学界认为是乳腺癌的促进因子。\u003Cspan class=\"breast-guide-emoji\">⚡️\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp class=\"breast-guide-text\">\n      实际上，很多乳腺癌发病者除了年龄和性别，身上找不到其他风险因素。这说明，概率因素占据很大成分，但上述习惯和遗传背景确实值得每个人小心。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"breast-guide-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"breast-guide-bg4\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"breast-guide-h2\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">04 如何诊断乳腺癌？检查流程详细解读\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"breast-guide-text\">\n      说起乳腺癌，大部分人都最怕的是“检查”这一步。其实真查下来，大多数流程并不复杂，关键是专科医生的规范操作。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Col class=\"breast-guide-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>1. 乳腺影像学检查\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\n        通常会先做乳腺超声、钼靶（乳腺X线摄影），有时还会补充磁共振检查。这些检查比较直观，能看到肿块的位置、大小和性质——比如是实性的还是囊性的。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>2. 组织活检\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\n        如果影像显示有异常，还需要用一根细针从肿块里取出部分细胞或组织，在显微镜下判断是不是恶性。如果确诊，医生会根据肿瘤类型、激素受体和分子标志（比如HER2、ER、PR）来决定后续治疗。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>3. 分期与评估\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\n        乳腺癌分为早期、局部进展期和晚期。分期结果关系到治疗方案和预后评估。医生会根据肿瘤的大小、是否累及淋巴结、有无远处转移等指标进行综合分析。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ol>\n    \u003Cp class=\"breast-guide-note\">\n      检查越规范，诊断越准确。积极面对、配合筛查，有助于减少不必要的担忧。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"breast-guide-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"breast-guide-bg5\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"breast-guide-h2\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">05 治疗乳腺癌有多少选择？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"breast-guide-text\">\n      没有一成不变的治疗方案，医生会根据乳腺癌的类型、分期和患者自身情况做出个体化调整。大体上分为以下几种方式：\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul class=\"breast-guide-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>外科手术治疗\u003C/strong>：针对早期病例，首选手术去除肿瘤。可以选择保乳手术（只切除病灶）或全乳切除术，是否保乳需要综合评估肿瘤位置、大小和患者意愿。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>放射治疗\u003C/strong>：术后有限区域放射，目的是清除遗漏在乳腺或腋窝微小的癌细胞，降低局部复发风险。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>化学药物治疗\u003C/strong>：也就是化疗，适用范围包括肿瘤比较大、有淋巴结转移或者激素受体阴性的患者。化疗药物能杀死快速分裂的癌细胞。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>靶向与内分泌治疗\u003C/strong>：如果检测到HER2受体阳性，可以加入靶向药物治疗。对于激素受体阳性的患者，还会给予内分泌治疗（服药5-10年），延缓复发、提高生存期（参考：Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group, 2015, \u003Cem>J Clin Oncol\u003C/em>）。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp class=\"breast-guide-expert\">\n      治疗的每一步都需要定期复查和调整。以真实病例来看，做了保乳手术的患者，后续规范化疗和靶向治疗之后，复查也比较安心。\u003Cspan class=\"breast-guide-emoji\">✅\u003C/span>\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp class=\"breast-guide-note\">\n      治疗过程不必畏惧，医生会结合你的整体健康、肿瘤类型和意愿给出最合适建议，配合好随访，心里会更有底。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"breast-guide-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"breast-guide-bg6\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"breast-guide-h2\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">06 日常预防和自我保健小贴士\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"breast-guide-text\">\n      真正做到从源头减少乳腺癌发生，靠的不是一朝一夕的“法宝”，而是持续健康的生活习惯。以下建议，简单实用，大家轻松记住即可：\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul class=\"breast-guide-prevent-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>深色绿叶蔬菜\u003C/strong> + \u003Cspan class=\"breast-guide-special\">富含抗氧化物\u003C/span> + 建议炒、凉拌轮换，可以补充维生素C和E，促进身体自我修复。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>低脂乳制品\u003C/strong> + \u003Cspan class=\"breast-guide-special\">富含钙\u003C/span> + 每天早餐牛奶或午间酸奶几乎不费心思，有助于维护骨骼和激素平衡。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>坚果类（核桃、杏仁）\u003C/strong> + \u003Cspan class=\"breast-guide-special\">良好脂肪酸及维生素E\u003C/span> + 下午茶或者早餐少量加一把，日积月累对乳腺健康有益。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>有氧运动\u003C/strong> + 建议每周累计150分钟以上快走、骑车或舞蹈，维持适宜体重，减少激素相关风险。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>规律作息\u003C/strong> + 保证充足睡眠，不熬夜，让身体有充分修复的时间。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>定期乳腺自检和体检\u003C/strong> + 每月适时自查乳房并记录异样，40岁以后建议至少每2年做一次乳腺筛查，条件允许的话每年体检更稳妥。\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cstrong>发现持续异常要及时就医\u003C/strong> + 比如肿块不消、皮肤反复变化，拖延不可取，选择正规医疗机构很关键。\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp class=\"breast-guide-tip\">\n      饮食建议永远正面为主，自然饮食、足量多样，结合适动、良好情绪，对身体每一个细胞都有好处。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp class=\"breast-guide-summary\">\n      说到底，坚持健康生活，看重身体的小变化，学会主动求医。不是为了杜绝风险，而是让生活少点后顾之忧。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"breast-guide-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"breast-guide-bg7\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"breast-guide-h2\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">文献引用与延伸阅读\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cul class=\"breast-guide-lit-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        Mavaddat, N., et al. (2019). \"Polygenic Risk Scores for Prediction of Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Subtypes.\" \u003Cem>New England Journal of Medicine\u003C/em>, 380(24), 2395–2405. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1808197\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Colditz, G.A., et al. (2014). \"Epidemiology and risk factors for breast cancer: the role of family history and estrogen exposure.\" \u003Cem>CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians\u003C/em>, 64(5), 326-336. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21217\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). (2015). \"Aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen in premenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer: meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomized trials.\" \u003Cem>Journal of Clinical Oncology\u003C/em>, 33(17), 1968-1977. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.56.6375\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp class=\"breast-guide-footer\">\n      本文参考了权威医学期刊和国际指南，结合真实临床经验和权威数据，力求让健康知识简单易懂。健康这件事，做好每一步都不晚。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n.breast-guide-title {\n  font-size: 2.4em;\n  line-height: 1.3;\n  margin: 28px 0 24px 0;\n  text-align: center;\n  color: #304050;\n  letter-spacing: 2px;\n}\n.breast-guide-section {\n  margin-bottom: 38px;\n}\n.breast-guide-h2 {\n  font-size: 1.48em;\n  margin-bottom: 18px;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  color: #2B607F;\n  padding-top: 14px;\n  letter-spacing: 1px;\n}\n.breast-guide-bg1, .breast-guide-bg2, .breast-guide-bg3, .breast-guide-bg4,\n.breast-guide-bg5, .breast-guide-bg6, .breast-guide-bg7 {\n  background: linear-gradient(110deg, #ebf3fc 75%, #f8fafd 100%);\n  border-radius: 13px;\n  padding: 32px 26px 22px 26px;\n  margin-bottom: 8px;\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 9px rgba(190, 200, 230, 0.09);\n  position: relative;\n}\n.breast-guide-bg2 {\n  background: linear-gradient(105deg, #f3f7ee 80%, #f7f5eb 100%);\n}\n.breast-guide-bg3 {\n  background: linear-gradient(108deg, #e9f3f2 80%, #f9f7f3 100%);\n}\n.breast-guide-bg4 {\n  background: linear-gradient(100deg, #fff8ea 76%, #f9fafc 100%);\n}\n.breast-guide-bg5 {\n  background: linear-gradient(104deg, #f0e9f7 75%, #faf7fc 100%);\n}\n.breast-guide-bg6 {\n  background: linear-gradient(112deg, #eef6f2 80%, #fafdff 100%);\n}\n.breast-guide-bg7 {\n  background: linear-gradient(100deg, #f6f9fc 78%, #f3faff 100%);\n}\n.breast-guide-intro {\n  font-size: 1.07em;\n  line-height: 1.8;\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\n  color: #425167;\n}\n.breast-guide-text {\n  font-size: 1.06em;\n  line-height: 1.75;\n  color: #476080;\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\n}\n.breast-guide-list {\n  padding-left: 23px;\n  margin-top: 0;\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\n  font-size: 1.04em;\n  color: #524548;\n  line-height: 1.74;\n}\n.breast-guide-list li {\n  margin: 0 0 10px 0;\n  padding-left: 5px;\n}\n.breast-guide-note {\n  font-size: 1.02em;\n  color: #3d6b52;\n  background: #fffffbe6;\n  margin-top: 10px;\n  margin-bottom: 5px;\n  padding: 14px 9px 12px 12px;\n  border-left: 3px solid #b6d7bc;\n  border-radius: 5px;\n}\n.breast-guide-tip {\n  font-size: 1.01em;\n  color: #8a6927;\n  margin-top: 6px;\n  margin-bottom: 9px;\n  padding-left: 5px;\n  font-style: italic;\n}\n.breast-guide-expert {\n  font-size: 1.03em;\n  color: #5b3a8d;\n  margin: 12px 0 7px 0;\n  padding-left: 5px;\n}\n.breast-guide-emoji {\n  font-size: 1.13em;\n  vertical-align: middle;\n  margin-left: 1px;\n  margin-right: 3px;\n}\n.breast-guide-special {\n  color: #248779;\n  font-weight: 500;\n}\n.breast-guide-prevent-list {\n  padding-left: 23px;\n  color: #305d4a;\n  line-height: 1.7;\n  font-size: 1.04em;\n}\n.breast-guide-prevent-list li {\n  margin: 0 0 12px 0;\n  padding-left: 5px;\n}\n.breast-guide-lit-list {\n  padding-left: 23px;\n  font-size: 0.98em;\n  color: #58647d;\n  line-height: 1.7;\n  margin-top: 0;\n}\n.breast-guide-footer {\n  margin: 20px 0 5px 0;\n  font-size: 1.04em;\n  color: #7c9a86;\n  text-align: left;\n  font-style: italic;\n  padding-left: 10px;\n}\n.breast-guide-summary {\n  margin-top: 17px;\n  margin-bottom: 3px;\n  color: #368195;\n  font-size: 1.06em;\n}\n\u003C/style>\n\n","\u003Cdiv id=\"material_title\">\n  \u003Ch1 class=\"breast-guide-title\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.",537,0,"2025-08-08 16:29:54","乳腺癌, 乳腺癌症状, 预防乳腺癌, 乳腺癌治疗, 乳腺自检","了解乳腺癌的症状、早期警示信号及治疗选择。掌握预防方法，学会自我检查，保护您的健康与生命。","2025-08-09 17:34:00",2,[35],{"menuId":36,"menuName":37,"parentId":28,"orderNum":33,"path":38,"component":39,"isFrame":40,"isCache":41,"menuType":42,"visible":43,"status":28,"createDept":6,"remark":23,"createTime":44,"children":45,"columnImage":46,"columnLogo":47,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":43,"isHome":28,"forceLogin":28,"color":48,"seoTitle":49,"seoKeywords":50,"seoDescription":51,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":52,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":53,"routerPath":38,"componentInfo":39},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","癌症肿瘤,重大疾病",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":57,"success":55},{"pageNo":43,"pageSize":58,"result":59,"totalSize":28},10,[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":61,"success":55},{"authors":62,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":63},[],[]]