[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fe3799E7sQbsfTFvyjKGtxeFjvjYnIv-3YVaKKMcBZM0":8,"$fGNvuppfLAiPNo3q3paiupE4OLaObjQ5LmScfT7Na2Xw":55,"$f8PYwOWIZoQk6jttBjXsL4zwqb4RP4b7esF9aRexBIsA":59},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":54},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":21,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":21,"createTime":28,"seoTitle":22,"seoKeywords":29,"seoDescription":30,"shelvesTime":31,"version":32,"menus":33,"menuId":35,"type":42,"quality":53,"commentCount":21,"isComment":42},53817,868711,[],"https://cdn.haohuanjiao.com/learnMaterial/ystApp//9LF2DbUom0YyIOchfMXzYhd3gBGyCUTT.png","王亚利","绍兴市人民医院","普外科","主治医师",42,0,"了解结肠癌：识别、管理与预防","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/53155e12-2c2e-4f1c-a36a-0371dae0a5dc.jpg","\u003Cdiv class=\"material-container\">\n  \u003Ch2 id=\"material_title\" class=\"material-title\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">了解结肠癌：识别、管理与预防\u003C/h2>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"material-intro\">\n    \u003Cp>\n      生活里，很多人都会在意饮食是否健康，却很少有人关注自己的肠道。偶尔肚子疼或者便秘，大家大多以为只是小问题。实际上，结肠癌正悄悄走近中老年群体。认识它，不是为了吓唬自己，而是为了早点发现端倪，及时干预，过上更安心的日子。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n  \n  \u003Csection class=\"material-section\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section-header material-bg-01\">\n      \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">01 什么是结肠癌？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        结肠癌，指的是起源于结肠内壁细胞的肿瘤，也就是大家常说的大肠癌的一种（另一种是直肠癌）。在它发生的早期，肠道本身没什么特别的异样，所以很容易被大家忽略。当肠道内层细胞变得异常，开始不受控制地增殖，就逐渐形成了结肠癌。正因为早期不容易察觉，所以了解这种疾病的基本情况，才能抓住早发现的机会。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"material-emoji\">🔦\u003C/span> 结肠癌本质上和身体其他细胞癌变类似，只不过它“安静”地躲藏在肠道深处，很少有早期警报。这也是为什么它经常一出现就是中晚期。及时关注，是减少健康风险的重要一步。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-section\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section-header material-bg-02\">\n      \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">02 结肠癌的常见症状有哪些？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section-content\">\n      \u003Cul class=\"material-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>排便习惯改变\u003C/strong>：比如突然便秘了好几天，或腹泻反复出现。有时大便形状变细，量也变少。这样的改变如果持续超过两周，并且以前没有类似经历，最好引起重视。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>便血\u003C/strong>：看见大便里混有血丝，或者马桶的水变得粉红色、暗红色，哪怕只有几次，也不能当成普通痔疮。结肠癌的便血多表现为暗红色或者夹带黏液。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>持续腹痛或腹胀\u003C/strong>：有时不是剧烈疼痛，而是不舒服、肚子胀，很难说清楚具体部位。这种感觉经常是隐隐作痛，不容易完全缓解。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>体重下降\u003C/strong>：如果你最近没减肥，但体重明显下滑，不过度紧张，却也不能忽视，尤其是同时有腹胀、食欲变差。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>疲倦无力\u003C/strong>：莫名觉得很累，总是打不起精神，查血发现有点贫血，这时需要考虑结肠有没有慢性出血造成慢慢的铁丢失。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"material-emoji\">📋\u003C/span> 有一位57岁的男性患者，因为长期腹胀、持续便血，后来被诊断出晚期结肠癌，并且癌症还转移到了肝脏和淋巴结。这个例子说明，有些症状其实可以提前发现，但我们常常习惯性忽略，结果错过了最佳治疗时机。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-section\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section-header material-bg-03\">\n      \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">03 为什么会得结肠癌？（风险因素分析）\u003C/h2>\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        说起结肠癌的致病因素，除了年龄的增长，几个常见原因值得关注：\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Col class=\"material-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>遗传易感性\u003C/strong>：父母、兄弟、姐妹中有人得过结肠癌，家族遗传性肠道息肉病（如林奇综合征、家族性腺瘤性息肉病）都可能让患病几率增加。如果家族有人三四十岁就患癌，最好早点筛查。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>慢性肠道炎症\u003C/strong>：长期肠炎、肠息肉反复发作，会让肠黏膜的细胞长期处于修复和再生的状态，变异机会增大。比如溃疡性结肠炎患者，结肠癌风险明显高于常人。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>不健康的生活习惯\u003C/strong>：研究发现，长期久坐不动、明显超重、吸烟、经常大量饮酒，会让肠道细胞暴露在有害物质里的时间变长，增加细胞变异概率。高脂肪、低纤维饮食也被认为与结肠癌有关。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>年龄增长\u003C/strong>：50岁以后，结肠癌发病率大大提升。美国疾病控制与预防中心指出，大约90%的结肠癌都出现在50岁以上的人群\u003Csup>[1]\u003C/sup>。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ol>\n      \u003Cp>\n        其实，有些风险是我们无法改变的，比如遗传和年龄；但也有些是日常生活中逐渐积累的。这样分析下来，那些我们可以控制的生活习惯，就变得更重要了。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-section\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section-header material-bg-04\">\n      \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">04 结肠癌如何确诊？（诊断流程一览）\u003C/h2>\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        如果出现了上述明显症状，医生一般会根据具体情况安排如下检查：\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cul class=\"material-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>肠镜检查\u003C/strong>：最直接的方法就是做肠镜。医生在肠道内部仔细查看是否有可疑病变，并取小块组织（活检），在显微镜下观察有无癌变。很多人会害怕做肠镜，其实这项检查可以帮助我们把内心的担忧变成实实在在的答案。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>影像学检查\u003C/strong>：如CT、MRI、B超等，有助于判断肿瘤是否已经扩散到周围组织或远处，比如肝脏、淋巴结。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>病理分子检测\u003C/strong>：有些患者会做基因突变检测（如KRAS、BRAF），这和选择后续治疗方案有关系（如是否适合靶向治疗）。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>粪便潜血试验\u003C/strong>：常用于无症状人群做初筛，筛查出有异常后，再进一步做肠镜检查。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"material-emoji\">🔍\u003C/span> 很多人担心这些检查复杂，其实按照医生建议有序进行，每一项都是为后续治疗做准备。如果怀疑自己有相关症状，建议先去消化科或肿瘤科正规医院咨询，别轻信网上所谓的“自测”。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-section\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section-header material-bg-05\">\n      \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">05 治疗结肠癌有哪些手段？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        结肠癌的治疗方式会依照病情发展阶段和个人实际健康状况来决定，通常分为如下几种：\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cul class=\"material-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>手术治疗\u003C/strong>：早期结肠癌主要采取手术切除，有时还需要把一小段肠道和周围淋巴结一并切除。如果肿瘤没扩散，手术通常效果较好。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>化疗\u003C/strong>：中晚期或术后有扩散风险的人，有些需要化学药物辅助治疗，帮助杀死残存癌细胞，减少复发机会。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>靶向治疗\u003C/strong>：个别晚期患者会检测特殊基因，若合适可加上靶向药物，专门抑制癌细胞生长而对正常细胞影响较小。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>放疗和免疫治疗\u003C/strong>：对于某些局部找不到合适手术方案的患者，局部放射线照射或刺激自身免疫系统，让身体“识别”并消灭异常细胞。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cp>\n        有些病人，比如前面提到的57岁男性，属于晚期结肠癌，肿瘤已转移。此时，医生一般采取综合治疗，包括化疗联合靶向药物，同时配合对症和营养支持。虽然治愈率有限，但可以缓解症状，延长生存期\u003Csup>[2]\u003C/sup>。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"material-emoji\">🤝\u003C/span> 结肠癌治疗通常需要多学科医生协同，外科、肿瘤科、营养师一起参与。每一种治疗都有风险和预期效果，和医生详细讨论再决定，是负责任的选择。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n  \n  \u003Csection class=\"material-section\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section-header material-bg-06\">\n      \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">06 如何日常预防结肠癌？（实用建议）\u003C/h2>\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        关于结肠癌预防，最实在的办法是改善生活习惯，让肠道尽量保持健康。说起来没什么新鲜，但每天做到，其实最靠谱。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cul class=\"material-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>新鲜蔬菜水果\u003C/strong>：丰富的膳食纤维能帮助肠道蠕动，减少粪便在肠道里停留的时间，有益于肠道环境。建议每天有意识多吃几种不同颜色的蔬菜水果，比如西蓝花、胡萝卜、苹果。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>全谷物和豆类\u003C/strong>：燕麦、糙米、全麦面包、黄豆等，全谷食物富含膳食纤维及维生素B族，有助于“喂养”肠道内的有益菌群，改善整体代谢状态。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>适量运动\u003C/strong>：每周累计150分钟有氧运动（比如快走、骑自行车），能提高机体免疫力，也让肠道“动起来”。不需要复杂运动，最重要是持之以恒。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>保持健康体重\u003C/strong>：长期过度肥胖是结肠癌的已知风险。体重指数（BMI）控制在正常范围，有助于减轻肠道负担。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>规律体检\u003C/strong>：40岁之后，尤其是有家族史的人，建议定期做肠道筛查，比如大便潜血、肠镜检查。间隔时间可以咨询医生，通常2-5年一次比较合适。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cstrong>烟酒适度\u003C/strong>：如条件允许，尽量减少烟酒摄入，对全身健康都有好处。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"material-tips-box\">\n        \u003Cspan class=\"material-emoji\">💡\u003C/span> 具体建议是：每天一盘绿叶蔬菜+一份水果，一周吃三次粗粮、豆类，一周累计两个半小时运动。如果家族有人早发结肠癌，记得提前和医生沟通筛查计划。自己的健康投资，从这些小事开始。\n      \u003C/div>\n      \u003Cp>\n        其实，预防结肠癌并不难，怕的是只说不做。慢慢养成这些好习惯，不光为了自己，也为了家人安心。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n  \n  \u003Csection class=\"material-section\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section-header material-bg-07\">\n      \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">07 小结与行动建议\u003C/h2>\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section-content\">\n      \u003Cp>\n        说到底，结肠癌像一位喜欢“藏匿”的邻居，外表看不出太多变化，但内里可能已经起风暴。生活方式其实就在我们手中，改善饮食、适当锻炼、关注身体信号，就是为健康“添把锁”。发现问题及时就医，未必是坏事。总之，坦然面对，持续行动，才是保护自己的关键。\n      \u003C/p>\n      \u003Cp>\n        任何大病，小细节中见端倪。愿你多些从容，少些遗憾。\n      \u003C/p>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\n  \u003Csection class=\"material-section\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section-header material-bg-ref\">\n      \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">参考文献\u003C/h2>\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section-content\">\n      \u003Col class=\"material-ref-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Colorectal Cancer Statistics. https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/colorectal/statistics/\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          Siegel, R.L., Miller, K.D., Fuchs, H.E., & Jemal, A. (2023). Cancer Statistics, 2023. \u003Cem>CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 73\u003C/em>(1), 17–48. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21763\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          World Health Organization. (2023, July 11). \u003Cem>Colorectal Cancer\u003C/em>. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/colorectal-cancer\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          Wolf, A. M. D., et al. (2018). Colorectal cancer screening for average-risk adults: 2018 guideline update from the American Cancer Society. \u003Cem>CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 68\u003C/em>(4), 250–281. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21457\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ol>\n    \u003C/div>\n  \u003C/section>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n.material-container {\n  max-width: 820px;\n  margin: 24px auto 24px auto;\n  padding: 28px 22px 36px 22px;\n  background: #fafbfc;\n  border-radius: 12px;\n  box-shadow: 0 3px 14px rgba(120,120,120,0.10);\n  font-family: 'PingFang SC','Segoe UI','Arial',sans-serif;\n  color: #232323;\n  line-height: 1.78;\n  font-size: 18px;\n}\n.material-title {\n  font-size: 2.3em;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  text-align: left;\n  letter-spacing: 1px;\n  color: #0c3866;\n  margin-bottom: 18px;\n}\n.material-intro {\n  font-size: 1.09em;\n  color: #345;\n  background: #f1f6fa;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  margin-bottom: 24px;\n  padding: 12px 18px 12px 18px;\n  border-left: 4px solid #72b8d3;\n}\n.material-section {\n  margin-bottom: 43px;\n}\n.material-section-header {\n  border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n  padding: 16px 0 12px 16px;\n  margin-bottom: -3px;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n}\n/* 章节背景仅用柔和渐变色，避免图片 */\n.material-bg-01 { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #cdeefd 0%, #ecf7fb 100%);}\n.material-bg-02 { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #fcf6dc 0%, #f7f9f5 100%);}\n.material-bg-03 { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #eaf6e6 0%, #f7fbf2 100%);}\n.material-bg-04 { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #fbe9f7 0%, #fff8fe 100%);}\n.material-bg-05 { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #eaf0fa 0%, #f8fafc 100%);}\n.material-bg-06 { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f3fce2 0%, #fbfff5 100%);}\n.material-bg-07 { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f4f4f5 0%, #eef4f6 100%);}\n.material-bg-ref { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f6eae3 0%, #f6f2ee 100%);}\n.material-subtitle {\n  font-size: 1.37em;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #326490;\n  margin: 0;\n  letter-spacing: 0.5px;\n}\n.material-section-content {\n  background: #fff;\n  padding: 19px 22px 19px 26px;\n  border-radius: 0 0 9px 9px;\n  min-height: 56px;\n  box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(100,130,150,0.045);\n}\n.material-list {\n  margin-left: 10px;\n  padding-left: 24px;\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\n}\n.material-list>li {\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\n  position: relative;\n  list-style-type: disc;\n  font-size: 1em;\n}\n.material-tips-box {\n  background: #e7f7e1;\n  border-left: 4px solid #7fb77c;\n  border-radius: 7px;\n  margin: 16px 0 8px 0;\n  padding: 13px 22px 11px 11px;\n  color: #256235;\n  font-size: 1.08em;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n}\n.material-tips-box .material-emoji {\n  margin-right: 7px;\n  font-size: 1.24em;\n}\n.material-emoji { \n  font-size: 1.14em; \n  vertical-align: -0.09em;\n  margin-right: 5px; \n}\n.material-ref-list {\n  margin: 0 0 0 18px;\n  padding: 0 0 0 8px;\n  font-size: 0.99em;\n  color: #646464;\n}\n.material-section-content em {\n  color: #214077;\n}\n@media (max-width: 750px) {\n  .material-container { padding: 8px 2px 31px 2px; }\n  .material-section-content { padding: 12px 7px 15px 7px; }\n  .material-intro { padding: 9px 7px 9px 13px; }\n}\n\u003C/style>\n\n","\u003Cdiv class=\"material-container\">\n  \u003Ch2 id=\"material_title\" class=\"material-title\" style=\"color: rgb(",518,"2025-07-29 13:51:02","结肠癌, 结肠癌症状, 结肠癌预防, 中老年健康, 肠道疾病, 医学科普, 生活习惯, 健康饮食","结肠癌日益影响中老年群体，识别早期症状将助于及时干预。了解其风险因素、确诊流程与治疗方案，帮助您提升健康意识，及时行动。","2025-07-30 12:12:00",2,[34],{"menuId":35,"menuName":36,"parentId":21,"orderNum":32,"path":37,"component":38,"isFrame":39,"isCache":40,"menuType":41,"visible":42,"status":21,"createDept":6,"remark":23,"createTime":43,"children":44,"columnImage":45,"columnLogo":46,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":42,"isHome":21,"forceLogin":21,"color":47,"seoTitle":48,"seoKeywords":49,"seoDescription":50,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":51,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":52,"routerPath":37,"componentInfo":38},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","癌症肿瘤,重大疾病",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":56,"success":54},{"pageNo":42,"pageSize":57,"result":58,"totalSize":21},10,[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":60,"success":54},{"authors":61,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":62},[],[]]