[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$f7Zjp2auceAI0zR5YxqTti2IISLqgTEF-QtAWVBOYO7E":8,"$fWHe9s9WhWNx6yjbV_1cPpAsvssADUxbuY1Ymje1gL-A":55,"$f1-XHdwskmMzMsJ5S0cUwv9od8MxEPQm7AWWm8YMnsJQ":59},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":54},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":21,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":21,"createTime":28,"seoTitle":22,"seoKeywords":29,"seoDescription":30,"shelvesTime":31,"version":32,"menus":33,"menuId":35,"type":42,"quality":53,"commentCount":21,"isComment":42},49282,870248,[],"https://cdn.haohuanjiao.com/learnMaterial/ystApp//mn9vA0ndwy0B2YwET9K6lFWdmyfE6ClM.png","彭珍","重庆市九龙坡区第二人民医院","麻醉科","主治医师",15,0,"了解尿路结石背后的麻醉科视角","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/e2bc47a0-7103-451f-ae3c-f984bb8b20ad.jpg","\u003Cdiv id=\"material_title\" class=\"custom-ks-title\">了解尿路结石背后的麻醉科视角\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-intro\">\n    夏季常听人说“肾结石”，一提就让人头疼。但其实，尿路结石远不止于此。生活中，许多人日常感觉并无大碍，突然之间却被剧烈腹痛困扰，赶到医院检查，才发现身体“悄悄埋下了小雷”。我们今天不只是聊结石本身，更想说说一旦需要手术，麻醉科到底关注什么，患者自己又该留心什么细节。\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-section\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-subtitle custom-ks-bg1\">01. 尿路结石是什么，风险在哪里？🔍\u003C/div>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-content\">\n        尿路结石并不是罕见病，其实是尿液里的矿物质和盐类慢慢沉积、积聚，最后定型成“小石头”。结石不同于表面光滑的小圆石，它们大多表面凹凸不平，就像是“卡在水管里的石子”，会干扰乃至堵塞尿液流通。\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-content\">\n        这对健康有什么影响？当尿液排出受阻，肾脏的压力会变大。久而久之不仅会引发肾积水，还可能带来细菌上行感染风险。结石如果不及时发现甚至可能损害肾功能——这也是麻醉科医生对结石患者格外重视的理由。\u003Cbr>数据显示，肾功能异常、感染、持续性积水这些“隐性损害”，有时比疼痛本身还更危险，需要特别当心。（参考文献：Zeng, G., & Zhu, W. (2018). Premises and Current Progress in Management of Urinary Stone Disease. Journal of Translational Medicine, 16, 116.）\n    \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-section\">\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-subtitle custom-ks-bg3\">02. 尿路结石的成因有哪些？和麻醉有什么关系？🧬\u003C/div>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-content\">\n        说起来，尿路结石的背后，和喝水习惯、饮食爱好、遗传因素以及代谢异常都有关系。\u003Cbr>\n        1. \u003Cb>水分摄入不足\u003C/b>：尿液浓缩，矿物质结晶机会变多。\u003Cbr>\n        2. \u003Cb>饮食结构\u003C/b>：高盐、高蛋白、高嘌呤食物（例如部分红肉、内脏）更容易促发尿酸型或钙型结石。\u003Cbr>\n        3. \u003Cb>家族史和慢性疾病\u003C/b>：如痛风、高尿酸、慢性肠病、甲状旁腺功能亢进者易发。\u003Cbr>\n        4. \u003Cb>泌尿系统异常\u003C/b>：狭窄、反流等结构性病变，干扰尿流。\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-content\">\n        总的来说，这些致病基础决定了结石发作的可能性。而对于麻醉过程，存在结石的人因为肾功能可能有波动、代谢异常或感染，麻醉药物在体内的“代谢”和“清除”速度就可能受影响。麻醉医生就要结合这些现实情况，对用药剂量、药物选择、手术时间等作出个性化调整，确保麻醉过程更加安全。\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-content\">\n        英国一项回顾显示，结石合并尿路梗阻与感染的患者围术期并发症风险高于普通人群（Turney, B.W. et al., 2016, BJU International），说明麻醉方案必须考虑这些背景。\n    \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-section\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-subtitle custom-ks-bg4\">03. 尿路结石怎么查？手术前要做哪些准备？🔬\u003C/div>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-content\">\n        检测尿路结石，医生一般会推荐影像检查作为首选。其中，CT扫描可以看结石的确切位置和大小，超声波则适用于避免辐射影响的人群。必要时还会加做血液分析，了解肾功能和电解质情况。\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-content\">\n        麻醉准备环节里还会评估心肺功能，避免手术期间突发状况。比如患有结石、合并感染、还有痛风和慢性腰痛的患者，术前团队会提前和麻醉医生沟通，需要静脉镇静还是全麻，配合抗感染措施，再决定具体方案，大大降低风险。\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-content\">\n        另外，合并结石、“伴随疾病较多”的人群，建议选择具有泌尿外科和麻醉专科协作条件的医院，有助于提升诊治和手术的安全系数。\u003Cbr>\n        （引文：Türk, C., et al. (2022). EAU Guidelines on Urolithiasis. European Association of Urology.）\n    \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-section\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-subtitle custom-ks-bg5\">04. 治疗尿路结石的方法和麻醉管理细节💡\u003C/div>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-content\">\n        结石治疗方式多样，轻者多喝水即可自行排出。大结石或合并并发症时，保守和手术方案需综合考虑：\u003Cbr>\n        - \u003Cb>药物排石\u003C/b>：适合小型结石，配合镇痛药物，部分患者用药后可以自然排出结石。\u003Cbr>\n        - \u003Cb>微创碎石/输尿管镜/肾镜取石术\u003C/b>：需要麻醉支持，根据病情选择局麻、腰麻或全麻。\u003Cbr>\n        - \u003Cb>开放手术\u003C/b>：较大、复杂或者特殊部位结石才考虑。\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-content\">\n        手术时，麻醉科不只是帮患者“睡一觉”，还要根据肾功能、感染控制等评估，需要密切监测生命体征。如果患者病情合并感染或慢性病变，用药种类和镇静剂量更需精细匹配，平衡舒适与安全。比如输尿管结石伴有高尿酸的病友，麻醉药的选择会做特别标记。\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-content\">\n        英国《BJU International》曾提出，针对这类患者的手术安全，关键在于麻醉和泌尿团队配合，将“精准评估”前移到手术前、术中每一环节（Turney, B.W. et al., 2016）。\n    \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-section\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-subtitle custom-ks-bg6\">05. 日常管理：怎么远离结石和复发？麻醉科的贴心小建议🌱\u003C/div>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-content\">\n        说到预防，真正长效的方法不是单凭“忌口”，而是持续改善生活习惯，给身体循环“更顺畅的水管”。麻醉科医生建议，健康管理离不开“水、动、查”三招：\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cul class=\"custom-ks-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cb>多喝水\u003C/b>：每天足量饮水，让尿液稀释，有助“冲走”易沉积的结晶，建议成年人日均水摄入在2L以上（具体依个人活动、气候调整）。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cb>合理膳食\u003C/b>：蔬菜（例如菠菜、芹菜）、全谷物和适量低脂乳制品，有助于平衡尿液pH值。比如，牛奶（钙有助于减少草酸吸收），新鲜柠檬水（含柠檬酸可抑制结石增长），都可以帮健康。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cb>适度锻炼\u003C/b>：保持体重、避免久坐，尿液流动也更畅通。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cb>定期体检\u003C/b>：有家族史或慢性病的人，建议每年做一次泌尿系B超检查，及时发现细小结石。\u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-content\">\n        总的来说，积极改善生活方式、遵循医疗建议，既能减轻结石困扰，也能让需要麻醉和手术的过程更平稳顺利。有医生“量体裁衣”的小贴士，总比临时抱佛脚管用多了。\n    \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-section custom-ks-reference\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-subtitle-ref\">参考文献\u003C/div>\n    \u003Cul>\n        \u003Cli>\n            Zeng, G., & Zhu, W. (2018). Premises and Current Progress in Management of Urinary Stone Disease. \u003Ci>Journal of Translational Medicine\u003C/i>, 16, 116. \u003Ca href=\"https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-018-1512-y\" target=\"_blank\">[访问]\u003C/a>\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n            Turney, B.W., Reynard, J.M., Noble, J.G., & Keoghane, S.R. (2016). Trends in Urological Stone Disease. \u003Ci>BJU International\u003C/i>, 117(5), 733-748. \u003Ca href=\"https://bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bju.13134\" target=\"_blank\">[访问]\u003C/a>\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n            Türk, C., et al. (2022). EAU Guidelines on Urolithiasis. \u003Ci>European Association of Urology\u003C/i>. \u003Ca href=\"https://uroweb.org/guidelines/urolithiasis\" target=\"_blank\">[访问]\u003C/a>\n        \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n.custom-ks-title {\n    font-size: 36px;\n    color: #305278;\n    font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;\n    font-weight: bold;\n    margin: 20px 0 30px 0;\n    text-align: center;\n    letter-spacing: 1px;\n}\n.custom-ks-intro {\n    font-size: 18px;\n    color: #37495a;\n    background: #f4f6fa;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    padding: 24px 32px;\n    margin-bottom: 36px;\n    line-height: 1.8;\n    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(150, 180, 200, 0.05);\n    max-width: 900px;\n    margin-left: auto;\n    margin-right: auto;\n}\n.custom-ks-section {\n    max-width: 900px;\n    margin: 0 auto 38px auto;\n    padding: 0 10px;\n}\n.custom-ks-subtitle {\n    font-size: 28px;\n    font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, sans-serif;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    letter-spacing: 0.5px;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n    padding: 18px 30px 16px 18px;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    color: #273f59;\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    background-size: cover;\n    background-repeat: no-repeat;\n}\n.custom-ks-bg1 { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #eaf7f8 0%, #f7fbfd 100%); }\n.custom-ks-bg2 { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #fdf5e6 0%, #faf3ea 100%); }\n.custom-ks-bg3 { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #ede7f7 0%, #f7f4fa 100%); }\n.custom-ks-bg4 { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #e8f7e6 0%, #f4f9f5 100%); }\n.custom-ks-bg5 { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #faf2e8 0%, #fbf6f2 100%); }\n.custom-ks-bg6 { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #eaf3fa 0%, #f6faff 100%); }\n.custom-ks-content {\n    font-size: 18px;\n    color: #473c31;\n    line-height: 2;\n    margin-bottom: 18px;\n    text-align: left;\n}\n.custom-ks-list {\n    font-size: 17px;\n    padding-left: 28px;\n    line-height: 2;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n}\n.custom-ks-list li {\n    margin-bottom: 8px;\n}\n.custom-ks-reference {\n    background: #f4f6fa;\n    border-radius: 10px;\n    padding: 20px 30px 12px 24px;\n    margin-bottom: 35px;\n    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(180,180,200,0.06);\n}\n.custom-ks-subtitle-ref {\n    font-size: 21px;\n    color: #305278;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    margin-bottom: 16px;\n}\n.custom-ks-reference ul {\n    padding-left: 18px;\n}\n.custom-ks-reference li {\n    font-size: 16px;\n    color: #4c6177;\n    margin-bottom: 6px;\n}\na {\n    color: #4083d4;\n    text-decoration: underline;\n}\n@media (max-width: 630px) {\n    .custom-ks-title { font-size: 25px; }\n    .custom-ks-intro { font-size: 15px; padding: 17px 8px; }\n    .custom-ks-section { padding: 0 2px; }\n    .custom-ks-subtitle { font-size: 19px; padding: 10px 12px 10px 9px; }\n    .custom-ks-content { font-size: 13.5px; }\n    .custom-ks-list { font-size: 13px; padding-left: 16px; }\n    .custom-ks-reference { font-size: 13px; padding: 11px 8px 5px 8px; }\n    .custom-ks-subtitle-ref { font-size: 15.5px; }\n}\n\u003C/style>\n\n","\u003Cdiv id=\"material_title\" class=\"custom-ks-title\">了解尿路结石背后的麻醉科视角\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-ks-intro\">",542,"2025-07-16 09:38:31","尿路结石, 麻醉管理, 结石症状, 预防尿路结石, 医疗建议, 手术准备, 患者教育, 健康管理","本文深入探讨尿路结石的病因、风险及手术麻醉管理，帮助您了解结石症状，如何进行有效预防和治疗。为患者和家属提供常见问题解答和专业建议。","2025-07-20 06:14:00",2,[34],{"menuId":35,"menuName":36,"parentId":21,"orderNum":32,"path":37,"component":38,"isFrame":39,"isCache":40,"menuType":41,"visible":42,"status":21,"createDept":6,"remark":23,"createTime":43,"children":44,"columnImage":45,"columnLogo":46,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":42,"isHome":21,"forceLogin":21,"color":47,"seoTitle":48,"seoKeywords":49,"seoDescription":50,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":51,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":52,"routerPath":37,"componentInfo":38},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","慢性病,高发轻症",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":56,"success":54},{"pageNo":42,"pageSize":57,"result":58,"totalSize":21},10,[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":60,"success":54},{"authors":61,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":62},[],[]]