[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fp_X1krQP6yjpcDMJha645jicl2NvA3WBRii4EcTe8z0":8,"$fRhJxWxk1qSSbpAYtb4FvzYiK9mCtOxAi3i0IQ7Cs_D4":55,"$fbC2h3Q1q7qGPYG9i4EYWk8Vqu75Hz4yiC50MIH8VgOc":59},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":54},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":21,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":21,"createTime":28,"seoTitle":22,"seoKeywords":29,"seoDescription":30,"shelvesTime":31,"version":32,"menus":33,"menuId":35,"type":42,"quality":53,"commentCount":21,"isComment":42},48498,870215,[],"https://cdn.haohuanjiao.com/learnMaterial/ystApp//WtMGUuj9PuLkSigKJ1x97rh5QAuqJBjC.png","钦志泉","浙江省人民医院","肿瘤科","主任医师",3,0,"鳞状细胞癌：关键知识与应对策略","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/43bfa6da-09cc-4680-8028-5bbb95e4a677.jpg","\u003Cdiv id=\"material_title\" class=\"sqcc-title\">鳞状细胞癌：关键知识与应对策略\u003C/div>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"sqcc-section sqcc-section-intro\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"sqcc-bg-light\">\n    \u003Cp>有人说，皮肤上的那些小变化，常常会被我们忽视。一颗原本不起眼的小痘突然变大或者变硬，平日里只当它是普通的炎症。其实，很多健康问题，正是这样悄悄地拉响了警报。鳞状细胞癌就是其中之一——从一处微小的变化发展成真正困扰生活的难题，常常只需短短几个阶段。这一次，咱们聊聊它到底是什么，该怎么分辨预警信号，如何守护自己和家人的健康。\u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"sqcc-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"sqcc-bg-01\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"sqcc-heading\" id=\"section01\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">01 什么是鳞状细胞癌？🩺\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp>鳞状细胞癌（Squamous Cell Carcinoma, SCC）是一种起源于人体表面“鳞状上皮细胞”的恶性肿瘤。这些细胞本来是保护皮肤和某些器官（比如口腔、喉咙等）表面的“护盾”，可一旦它们出现异常增生，就会形成癌症。SCC最常见于皮肤暴露部位，但其实也可以出现在口腔、扁桃体、喉咙、食管甚至肺部。有的人认为只有日晒引起的才叫“皮肤癌”，其实鳞状细胞癌还真不止于此。\u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp>如果说身体某些细胞像一队轮换值班的小卫士，鳞状细胞癌就是这些卫士出现混乱，开始不受控制地增殖。有统计数据显示，光是在美国，每小时就会新诊断出200多个SCC病例，而且发病率还在上升（The Skin Cancer Foundation, 2025）。这一数字也提醒我们，平时多留心变化十分必要。\u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"sqcc-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"sqcc-bg-02\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"sqcc-heading\" id=\"section02\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">02 鳞状细胞癌的主要症状有哪些？🔍\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cul class=\"sqcc-ul\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">1. 皮肤或黏膜突然出现的小结节：\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>和普通的疙瘩、痘痘不同，这些结节摸上去可能更硬，不容易消退。比如，有的人嘴角、鼻翼、脖子、手背上冒出一个“不起眼的小疱”，甚至裂开、结痂。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">2. 长时间存在的伤口或溃疡：\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>一处皮肤破溃反反复复，就是不愈合，创面发红或者渗液，偶尔会有轻微疼痛。有些人误以为是口腔溃疡反复发作，其实已经超过了常规的愈合期。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">3. 明显的异常增生或变硬：\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>皮肤某些区域开始增厚、变粗糙，像小块老茧。有时边缘不规则，触摸感觉有点像砂纸，偶尔还会出现小疣状增生。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">4. 色泽变化与出血：\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>肿块表面可以是红色、褐色、粉色或者和周围皮肤不同，也有时会渗血、结痂，但很难自动消退。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"sqcc-case\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-case-icon\">📖\u003C/span>\n      \u003Cspan>有位39岁的男士，近4个月右侧扁桃体出现坚硬肿块，后经检查发现是鳞状细胞癌，还伴有颈部和肺部的转移。这也说明，症状一旦持续并变得明显，就要提高警惕，尽快就医。\u003C/span>\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cp>如果出现持续超过2周无法解释的上述变化，建议尽早咨询专业医生进行评估。\u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"sqcc-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"sqcc-bg-03\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"sqcc-heading\" id=\"section03\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">03 为什么会得鳞状细胞癌？（病因和风险因素）🧐\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp>说到原因，鳞状细胞癌并不是“平白无故”出现，常见诱因主要有下面几种：\u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul class=\"sqcc-ul\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">1. 长期紫外线照射\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>——经常户外工作、喜欢晒太阳或频繁使用日光浴设备的人更容易出现皮肤型SCC。紫外线会破坏细胞DNA，导致细胞异常增殖（Que, S.K.T., Zwald, F.O., Schmults, C.D., 2018）。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">2. 长期吸烟和酒精使用\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>——尤其是口腔、喉咙、肺部的鳞状细胞癌，和烟草、酒精的双重刺激密切相关（Lubin JH, et al., J Natl Cancer Inst, 2007）。吸烟者患口腔和呼吸道SCC的风险明显增高。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">3. 化学物质接触\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>——长期接触焦油、煤烟、砷等有害物质，也会增加发病风险。工厂作业、油田或者制革厂等高危环境是高发地。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">4. 某些慢性炎症和免疫抑制\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>——烧伤疤痕、慢性溃疡、皮肤病变，以及器官移植后长期服用免疫抑制剂者，风险增加。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">5. 年龄、遗传和基础健康状况\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>——年龄越大、家族有癌症史、慢性病（如肾病）患者，发病几率也更高。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp>多项流行病学调查显示，紫外线和烟草的危害能在DNA层面引发细胞突变，是SCC发生最常见的“导火索”。所以，并不是只有阳光暴晒才危险，生活中的隐性威胁也不少。\u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"sqcc-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"sqcc-bg-04\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"sqcc-heading\" id=\"section04\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">04 如何确诊鳞状细胞癌？ 🔬\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp>确诊SCC，需要医生系统评估与一系列检查。多数情况下，医生会按这样的步骤安排：\u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul class=\"sqcc-ul\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">1. 体格检查：\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>医生细致查看皮肤或口腔、咽部、肺部等部位，以及相关淋巴结（比如脖子、腋下等）是否有异常增大。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">2. 皮肤/黏膜活检：\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>直接取可疑区域组织样本，显微镜下分析细胞的形态特征，是确诊SCC的关键。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">3. 影像学检查：\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>根据情况，可能安排CT、MRI或PET-CT等评估病灶范围和有无转移。肺部结节疑似转移，有时也需穿刺等进一步确认。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">4. 血液及肿瘤标志物：\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>帮助评估身体整体状况、器官功能以及肿瘤进展、化疗效果。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp>这样分步骤的检查，不但能确认类型，还能清楚肿瘤是否扩散，方便制定后续治疗方案。不过，初期大多只需活检即可明确诊断。当出现持续不愈的溃疡、肿块时，不要拖延到后期才检查。\u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"sqcc-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"sqcc-bg-05\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"sqcc-heading\" id=\"section05\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">05 治疗选择和效果✨\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp>一旦确诊，针对SCC的治疗方案会根据肿瘤大小、位置、扩散情况以及身体状况综合决定。\u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul class=\"sqcc-ul\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">1. 手术治疗：\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>小而局限的鳞状细胞癌，切除肿瘤及部分周边组织，治愈率很高。对于早期患者，切除后复发率低于1%（Hanke, C.W. et al., 2021）。对于身体负担较大的患者，如患有多种慢性疾病的人，手术可根据实际情况调整范围。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">2. 放射治疗：\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>适用于肿瘤位置特殊（如头颈、口腔深部）、手术无法完全切除或有转移风险者。副作用较轻，疗效稳定，常用做巩固或辅助治疗。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">3. 化学/免疫治疗：\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>适合晚期或转移广泛无法手术的患者，新型免疫疗法（如PD-1抑制剂）为部分患者带来了希望（Migden, M.R. et al., 2018, The New England Journal of Medicine）。对有骨髓抑制、肾功能异常或高龄患者，治疗可定制方案，兼顾生活质量。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">4. 个体化支持和恢复：\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>包括营养支持、心理疏导和生活护理。譬如，持续补充优质蛋白，规律进餐，能帮助身体修复和提升免疫反应。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp>现在的治疗手段多样，关键是及早发现，别等到肿瘤大范围扩散才重视。\u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"sqcc-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"sqcc-bg-06\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"sqcc-heading\" id=\"section06\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">06 日常管理和预防方法 💡\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp>预防SCC，除了关注危险因素，更要从正面调整生活习惯。简单来说，可以这样做：\u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul class=\"sqcc-ul\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">西兰花、胡萝卜、番茄等深色蔬菜：\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>丰富的抗氧化物有助于对抗细胞老化，建议每天有意识加入蔬菜色拉、小炒，颜色越丰富越好（World Cancer Research Fund, 2018）。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">深海鱼类如三文鱼、沙丁鱼：\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>高蛋白及Ω-3脂肪酸能促进身体修复，对于恢复和抗炎症有益，每周2-3次为宜。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">全谷物与豆制品：\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>补充膳食纤维与植物蛋白，帮助维持肠道健康，促进身体新陈代谢，可隔天在早餐添加一份燕麦或者小米粥。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">合理作息+充足睡眠：\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>夜间细胞修复期，保证7-8小时睡眠有助于免疫系统稳定运行。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-strong\">定期体检：\u003C/span>\n        \u003Cspan>40岁以后建议每两年做一次全身及口腔、咽部健康筛查，尤其是长期吸烟、户外工作者。\u003C/span>\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n    \u003Cp style=\"margin: 1.5em 0 .5em .5em;\">\n      日常还可以多和家人交流健康变化，不要讳疾忌医。一旦发现皮肤、口腔、咽喉出现持续性肿块、溃疡，或有不适超过2周不愈合，直接挂皮肤科或耳鼻喉科门诊，经验丰富的大医院可提供系统评估和治疗。预防、早诊、早治，是保护自己最稳妥的办法。    \n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"sqcc-section sqcc-section-references\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"sqcc-bg-light\">\n    \u003Ch3 class=\"sqcc-heading\" style=\"margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; color: rgb(44, 62, 80); font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">参考文献\u003C/h3>\n    \u003Col class=\"sqcc-ref\">\n      \u003Cli>Que, S. K. T., Zwald, F. O., & Schmults, C. D. (2018). Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: Incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, and staging. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 78(2), 237-247. \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-ref-link\">(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29208335/)\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>Hanke, C. W., et al. (2021). Squamous Cell Carcinoma. The Skin Cancer Foundation Journal. \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-ref-link\">(https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/squamous-cell-carcinoma/)\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>Migden, M. R., et al. (2018). PD-1 blockade with cemiplimab in advanced cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma. The New England Journal of Medicine, 379(4), 341-351. \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-ref-link\">(https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1805131)\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. (2018). Diet, nutrition, physical activity and cancer: a global perspective. \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-ref-link\">(https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/)\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>Lubin, J. H., et al. (2007). Risk of lung cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in relation to tobacco use and alcohol consumption. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 99(10), 742-753. \u003Cspan class=\"sqcc-ref-link\">(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17505073/)\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ol>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n/* 全局样式重命名为 sqcc-前缀，避免污染其他页面元素 */\n.sqcc-title {\n  font-size: 2.8em;\n  color: #293049;\n  text-shadow: 0 1px 4px #e8eaf6;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  text-align: center;\n  margin: 32px 0 22px 0;\n  letter-spacing: 3px;\n}\n\n.sqcc-section {\n  margin: 32px auto 28px auto;\n  max-width: 820px;\n  border-radius: 16px;\n  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px 0 #ebecf0;\n  background: #fff;\n  padding: 38px 36px 34px 36px;\n  position: relative;\n}\n\n.sqcc-bg-light {\n  background: linear-gradient(96deg, #f9fafb 75%, #ebf2fb 100%);\n  border-radius: 12px;\n  padding: 20px 28px 20px 28px;\n}\n\n.sqcc-bg-01 {\n  background: linear-gradient(125deg, #f5f7fb 80%, #e1eef8 100%);\n  border-radius: 16px;\n  padding: 32px 32px 28px 32px;\n  background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, 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12:01:58","鳞状细胞癌, SCC, 皮肤癌, 早期症状, 如何预防, 癌症原因, 治疗方案, 健康检查","了解鳞状细胞癌的发病机制、主要症状和预防策略，保护自己和家人的健康。及时识别与咨询专业医生，降低疾病风险。","2025-07-13 00:40:00",2,[34],{"menuId":35,"menuName":36,"parentId":21,"orderNum":32,"path":37,"component":38,"isFrame":39,"isCache":40,"menuType":41,"visible":42,"status":21,"createDept":6,"remark":23,"createTime":43,"children":44,"columnImage":45,"columnLogo":46,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":42,"isHome":21,"forceLogin":21,"color":47,"seoTitle":48,"seoKeywords":49,"seoDescription":50,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":51,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":52,"routerPath":37,"componentInfo":38},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","癌症肿瘤",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":56,"success":54},{"pageNo":42,"pageSize":57,"result":58,"totalSize":21},10,[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":60,"success":54},{"authors":61,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":62},[],[]]