[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fq5VSYgRU_H6Yk1DXSRukuIZzkIUciTOwdXT9FcTQ85c":8,"$fWz-jKlr1lTlw4DRhring47MdfE9-RV_fVByW1uNd3Zc":54,"$fJMzW1TcYO1RupklBJBMfgo501mLdCqPATTnMFrJsfMA":58},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":53},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":6,"postsTitle":18,"materialTotal":19,"videoTotal":20,"isConcern":7,"title":21,"coverVertical":22,"coverAcross":23,"content":24,"description":25,"views":26,"likes":20,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":20,"createTime":27,"seoTitle":21,"seoKeywords":28,"seoDescription":29,"shelvesTime":30,"version":31,"menus":32,"menuId":34,"type":41,"quality":52,"commentCount":20,"isComment":41},48095,867546,[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/learnMaterial/ystApp//WM89mnQfhD3TInG3npoQJOh5LNxHfOKi.png","郑迪凡","浙江大学医学院附属第一医院","住院医师",78,0,"肺癌知识入门：你需要了解的关键信息","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/945630d7-441c-49e9-be03-506d89f7d2ec.jpg","\u003Cdiv id=\"material_title\" class=\"lungcancer-title\">\n  肺癌知识入门：你需要了解的关键信息\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"lungcancer-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"lungcancer-bg lungcancer-bg1\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"lungcancer-header\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">01 什么是肺癌？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"lungcancer-text\">\n      生活当中，偶尔听到“谁谁查出来肺癌了”，很多人第一反应都很错愕。肺癌，其实就是发生在肺里的异常细胞，不受控制地生长，它们慢慢挤占了正常组织的空间。医学上常见两大类型：非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）和小细胞肺癌（SCLC），前者更普遍、生长速度相对较慢，后者虽然少见却容易迅速扩散。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp class=\"lungcancer-text\">\n      这种不速之客，会随着病情的推进反复制造麻烦。其实，全球每年约180万人因肺癌去世（WHO, 2023）。与别的肿瘤相比，肺癌的严重程度往往让人措手不及，是因为它早期几乎没什么特别的不适。这也再次提醒我们——别以为自己没感觉就真的没事 \u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-emoji\">💡\u003C/span> 。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"lungcancer-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"lungcancer-bg lungcancer-bg2\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"lungcancer-header\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">02 肺癌常见症状有哪些？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"lungcancer-list-box\">\n      \u003Cul class=\"lungcancer-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-list-title\">1. 持续咳嗽\u003C/span> 比如原本只是在换季时偶尔咳两下，后来发展到持续性的咳嗽几周不消停，这时需要小心。家里有一位52岁的女性朋友，常年没有什么大疾病，却因为咳嗽总不好，经检查发现右下肺出现肿瘤，及时手术才避免了更大困扰。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-list-title\">2. 胸痛与呼吸急促\u003C/span> 不是干完体力活憋气那种喘，而是上楼、平地走路时不明原因地气短、胸口闷。尤其是疼痛的部位集中在胸部某点时，往往预示肺部有不一样的变化。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-list-title\">3. 咳血或痰中带血丝\u003C/span> 有人之前没遇到过这种问题，却突然发现痰里有血，这是一种比较明确的警号。偶有疲劳、体重下降、反复发作的呼吸道感染，也别掉以轻心。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cp class=\"lungcancer-text\">\n      这些症状单独看容易被误以为普通感冒或老毛病。然而真正的“麻烦”在于：一旦开始持续出现或者加重，就已经不是小问题。每个人的感受不同，但持续异常往往是重要线索。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"lungcancer-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"lungcancer-bg lungcancer-bg3\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"lungcancer-header\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">03 肺癌为什么会发生？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"lungcancer-text\">\n      很多朋友其实都在问：我平时也没有太多不良习惯，怎么会有这种病？说起来，肺癌的“幕后推手”主要有这几个方面：\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"lungcancer-list-box\">\n      \u003Cul class=\"lungcancer-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-list-title\">吸烟\u003C/span> 这是头号风险，约85%的肺癌和吸烟有关（World Health Organization, 2023）。无论主动自己抽，还是被动吸二手烟，都会让肺部的细胞长期暴露在有害物质中，逐渐发生异常。有研究发现，烟草里的致癌物质会直接损伤细胞DNA（Thun et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 2013）。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-list-title\">空气污染\u003C/span> 没有吸烟史的人也可能患癌，大气中的颗粒物、有害气体（比如汽车尾气、PM2.5）同样会对肺部组织产生慢性刺激。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-list-title\">职业暴露\u003C/span> 长期在化工、煤矿、石棉等职业场所工作的群体，接触特殊有害物，比如石棉、氡等，也容易导致肺部出现病变。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-list-title\">家族遗传与年龄\u003C/span> 有些人本身带有易感基因，家里直系亲属有肺癌史，风险会大大提高。此外，年龄越大，细胞损伤修复能力减弱，出现异常增殖的概率升高。\u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cp class=\"lungcancer-text\">\n      这些机制，各有各的“手段”——时间久了，细胞累积损伤，正常的修复就会失灵，异常细胞趁机扩散繁殖，最后演变成肿瘤。别把相对健康的生活环境当作“护身符”，风险常常来自看不见的角落。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"lungcancer-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"lungcancer-bg lungcancer-bg4\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"lungcancer-header\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">04 肺癌如何诊断？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"lungcancer-text\">\n      真正到了医院，怎么才能确诊肺癌？一般流程大致分为三步：\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"lungcancer-list-box\">\n      \u003Cul class=\"lungcancer-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-list-title\">1. 影像学检查\u003C/span> 通常先做胸部X光片，必要时安排CT扫描。CT能帮医生看清肿瘤的具体位置和大小，比X光片更为精准。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-list-title\">2. 组织活检\u003C/span> 肺里如果查出异常结节，医生会建议取一小块组织（叫活检），放到显微镜下确定是不是肿瘤，以及属于哪一类。简单来说，就是“眼见为实”。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-list-title\">3. 其他进一步检查\u003C/span> 根据具体情况，包括支气管镜检查、血液相关肿瘤标志物，还要做分期检查，评估是否有转移。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cp class=\"lungcancer-text\">\n      很多人听到“活检”就有担心，其实这是诊断过程中非常关键的一步，能极大程度减少误诊。不同类型、阶段的肺癌，治疗思路差别很大，所以这个步骤决不能跳过。医学界有数据表明，低剂量CT筛查可以在高危人群中显著提高早期发现率（National Lung Screening Trial Research Team, 2011）。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"lungcancer-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"lungcancer-bg lungcancer-bg5\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"lungcancer-header\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">05 肺癌都怎么治？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"lungcancer-text\">\n      治疗方法要根据病情具体来选，医学上一般分为下面几个方面：\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"lungcancer-list-box\">\n      \u003Cul class=\"lungcancer-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-list-title\">手术切除\u003C/span> 偏早期的患者，如果肿瘤局限在肺部，医生会优先考虑手术。比如之前提到的那位52岁女性，通过胸腔镜楔形切除术，配合淋巴结检查，明确肿瘤性质后，及时采取了治疗。手术后恢复良好。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-list-title\">放疗与化疗\u003C/span> 肿瘤如果较大、或已经扩散，单独手术已不再适合，会用放射线“点对点”消灭异常细胞，或用化学药物系统杀伤分散的肿瘤细胞。\u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-list-title\">靶向治疗和免疫治疗\u003C/span> 一些特殊类型可以通过靶向药物或免疫药物“锁定”癌细胞上的指定靶点，有些患者对这类药物反应良好，副作用也比传统化疗要小些。\u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cp class=\"lungcancer-text\">\n      治疗方案完全要听专业医生评估。其实多学科团队配合，能最大程度提高效果。无论哪一种方法，最核心目标都是控制肿瘤、减少并发症、延长/改善患者生活质量（Planchard et al., Annals of Oncology, 2018）。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"lungcancer-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"lungcancer-bg lungcancer-bg6\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"lungcancer-header\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">06 如何管理和预防肺癌？\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"lungcancer-list-box\">\n      \u003Cul class=\"lungcancer-list\">\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-list-title\">规律作息\u003C/span>\u003Cbr>\n          充足睡眠有助于免疫力平衡，熬夜、生活节奏紊乱的人，免疫系统警觉性容易下降，疾病容易趁虚而入。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-list-title\">适量锻炼\u003C/span>\u003Cbr>\n          每天散步半小时、轻度力量训练都能让肺部更加有弹性，并帮助排除部分有害物质。选择自己喜欢的运动更容易坚持。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-list-title\">均衡饮食\u003C/span>\u003Cbr>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-food\">胡萝卜\u003C/span>：含有丰富的β-胡萝卜素，有助于维持上皮组织健康，建议凉拌或炖汤都可以。\u003Cbr>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-food\">西兰花\u003C/span>：富含抗氧化成分，帮助减少体内异常细胞的积累，建议每周吃2-3次，清蒸或炒着吃。\u003Cbr>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-food\">豆制品\u003C/span>：蛋白质丰富，有助修复受损组织，豆浆、豆腐都是不错的选择。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-list-title\">定期随访检查\u003C/span>\u003Cbr>\n          已经被诊断为肺癌或有高风险人群（如吸烟者、家族肺癌史），建议一年做一次胸部影像（X光或低剂量CT）。一般选择大型综合医院或专科医院进行检查更靠谱。\n        \u003C/li>\n        \u003Cli>\n          \u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-list-title\">良好心态\u003C/span>\u003Cbr>\n          面对疾病别过度焦虑。情绪调节好了，有利于免疫恢复，也更利于治疗配合。\n        \u003C/li>\n      \u003C/ul>\n    \u003C/div>\n    \u003Cp class=\"lungcancer-text\">\n      说到底，日常的“小动作”才是帮身体把好每一道关的关键。积极面对、合理生活，就是给健康多上一道“保险” \u003Cspan class=\"lungcancer-emoji\">🌱\u003C/span>。\n    \u003C/p>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"lungcancer-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"lungcancer-bg lungcancer-bg7\">\n    \u003Ch2 class=\"lungcancer-header\" style=\"color: rgb(44, 62, 80); margin: 1.2em 0px 0.6em; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);\">07 小结与进一步建议\u003C/h2>\n    \u003Cp class=\"lungcancer-text\">\n      肺癌不是遥不可及的话题，它可能潜伏在生活不经意的角落。早期没有太大感觉，等到症状出现往往已经不轻。所以，定期体检、好习惯、积极心态——这几件事说起来简单，却最实用。\n      若有疑问及时和专业医生沟通，才是对自己负责。\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cp class=\"lungcancer-text lungcancer-ref-title\">\n      \u003Cb>本文主要参考文献：\u003C/b>\n    \u003C/p>\n    \u003Cul class=\"lungcancer-ref-list\">\n      \u003Cli>\n        World Health Organization. (2023). \u003Cem>Lung cancer\u003C/em>. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Thun, M. J., Carter, B. D., Feskanich, D., et al. (2013). 50-Year Trends in Smoking-Related Mortality in the United States. \u003Cem>New England Journal of Medicine, 368\u003C/em>(4), 351–364.\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        National Lung Screening Trial Research Team. (2011). Reduced Lung-Cancer Mortality with Low-Dose Computed Tomographic Screening. \u003Cem>New England Journal of Medicine, 365\u003C/em>(5), 395–409.\n      \u003C/li>\n      \u003Cli>\n        Planchard, D., Popat, S., Kerr, K., et al. (2018). Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. \u003Cem>Annals of Oncology, 29\u003C/em>(Suppl 4), iv192-iv237.\n      \u003C/li>\n    \u003C/ul>\n  \u003C/div>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n.lungcancer-title {\n  font-size: 2.4em;\n  color: #205064;\n  margin-top: 24px;\n  margin-bottom: 32px;\n  text-align: center;\n  background: linear-gradient(to right, #e3f0fc 0%, #e8f9e7 100%);\n  padding: 18px 0;\n  letter-spacing: 2px;\n  border-radius: 12px;\n  font-weight: 700;\n}\n\n.lungcancer-section {\n  margin-bottom: 38px;\n}\n\n.lungcancer-bg {\n  border-radius: 14px;\n  padding: 34px 26px 26px 26px;\n  position: relative;\n  margin-bottom: 0px;\n}\n\n/* 依次给不同段落背景不同色调 */\n.lungcancer-bg1 {\n  background: linear-gradient(100deg, #f4fafe 80%, #eaf7ee 100%);\n}\n\n.lungcancer-bg2 {\n  background: linear-gradient(80deg, #eaeefa 70%, #f2ece7 100%);\n}\n\n.lungcancer-bg3 {\n  background: linear-gradient(100deg, #fbfef0 62%, #e7fafe 100%);\n}\n\n.lungcancer-bg4 {\n  background: linear-gradient(95deg, #eef6fb 70%, #f6f7e7 100%);\n}\n\n.lungcancer-bg5 {\n  background: linear-gradient(100deg, #fef9f3 55%, #e9f5fd 100%);\n}\n\n.lungcancer-bg6 {\n  background: linear-gradient(80deg, #f8f6f9 65%, #eafaf2 100%);\n}\n\n.lungcancer-bg7 {\n  background: linear-gradient(95deg, #eefaf9 80%, #fcfbec 100%);\n}\n\n/* 一级标题样式 */\n.lungcancer-header {\n  font-size: 1.45em;\n  margin-bottom: 28px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #236588;\n  letter-spacing: 1px;\n  padding-left: 8px;\n  border-left: 6px solid #80c4a9;\n  background: none;\n}\n\n/* 段落文字通用样式 */\n.lungcancer-text {\n  font-size: 1.11em;\n  color: #294a53;\n  line-height: 1.82;\n  margin-bottom: 17px;\n  margin-top: 0;\n}\n/* 食物强调 */\n.lungcancer-food {\n  color: #4a9241;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  background: #def7eb;\n  border-radius: 5px;\n  padding: 1px 8px;\n  margin-right: 4px;\n}\n\n.lungcancer-list-box {\n  margin-bottom: 14px;\n}\n.lungcancer-list {\n  list-style-type: disc;\n  margin-left: 24px;\n  margin-bottom: 8px;\n  padding-left: 10px;\n}\n.lungcancer-list > li {\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\n  font-size: 1.04em;\n  color: #36435b;\n}\n.lungcancer-list-title {\n  color: #236588;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  font-size: 1.01em;\n}\n\n.lungcancer-emoji {\n  margin-left: 5px;\n  margin-right: 5px;\n  font-size: 1.21em;\n}\n.lungcancer-ref-title {\n  margin-top: 22px;\n  color: #304c5b;\n  font-size: 1.07em;\n}\n\n.lungcancer-ref-list {\n  padding-left: 18px;\n  color: #677985;\n  font-size: 0.99em;\n  line-height: 1.55;\n  margin-bottom: 0;\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 760px) {\n  .lungcancer-title { font-size: 1.36em; padding:11px 0; }\n  .lungcancer-section { margin-bottom: 21px }\n  .lungcancer-bg { padding: 16px 6px 14px 12px; }\n  .lungcancer-header { font-size: 1.13em; padding-left: 4px;}\n  .lungcancer-text { font-size: 0.98em;}\n  .lungcancer-list-title{ font-size: 0.98em; }\n}\n\u003C/style>\n\n","\u003Cdiv id=\"material_title\" class=\"lungcancer-title\">\n  肺癌知识入门：你需要了解的关键信息\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"lungcance",546,"2025-07-10 17:34:04","肺癌, 肺癌症状, 如何预防肺癌, 肺癌治疗, 吸烟与肺癌, 空气污染, 医疗检查, 健康生活","了解肺癌的症状、原因和治疗方法，提升认知和预防意识，为健康保驾护航。定期体检和良好习惯是关键。","2025-07-13 07:06:11",2,[33],{"menuId":34,"menuName":35,"parentId":20,"orderNum":31,"path":36,"component":37,"isFrame":38,"isCache":39,"menuType":40,"visible":41,"status":20,"createDept":6,"remark":22,"createTime":42,"children":43,"columnImage":44,"columnLogo":45,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":41,"isHome":20,"forceLogin":20,"color":46,"seoTitle":47,"seoKeywords":48,"seoDescription":49,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":50,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":51,"routerPath":36,"componentInfo":37},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","癌症肿瘤,重大疾病",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":55,"success":53},{"pageNo":41,"pageSize":56,"result":57,"totalSize":20},10,[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":59,"success":53},{"authors":60,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":61},[],[]]