[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f65-g5LTUgHIk8dGZIHhGe2pKpxnfW0g-O4HGxk3yxcs":3,"$fynKQ2vVnjvZg_flK6CIAeJt13PfNrB-jdVHlGSTlYPA":8,"$fK9LiUw3YhEz8eZnPCPGeON20YTHUV1DQIMEsZedHVzo":55,"$fOjXpE_6A3MvXKqvKZV9gj7AJgjL2O2kQ35QTC_KJQ2A":59},{"code":4,"msg":5,"message":6,"data":6,"success":7},401,"认证失败，无法访问系统资源",null,false,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":11,"success":54},200,"操作成功",{"id":12,"specialistId":13,"specialistAssistants":14,"profilePhoto":15,"specialistName":16,"hospital":17,"department":18,"postsTitle":19,"materialTotal":20,"videoTotal":21,"isConcern":7,"title":22,"coverVertical":23,"coverAcross":24,"content":25,"description":26,"views":27,"likes":21,"isThumbsUp":7,"isCollection":7,"collections":21,"createTime":28,"seoTitle":22,"seoKeywords":29,"seoDescription":30,"shelvesTime":31,"version":32,"menus":33,"menuId":35,"type":42,"quality":53,"commentCount":21,"isComment":42},47401,870193,[],"https://cdn.yishi-tong.com/console/store-unknown/uF7OMd0P_hB1LaAPsAH23kXFsYY6stA4.png","张蓉","长治医学院附属和平医院","肿瘤科","主治医师",6,0,"安全使用抗肿瘤药物：直肠癌治疗关键用药实用指南","","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/AI/696833d0-fc3b-4f27-99f0-f04b9f2c742a.jpg","\u003Cdiv id=\"material_title\" class=\"custom-drug-guide-title\">\n  安全使用抗肿瘤药物：直肠癌治疗关键用药实用指南\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-drug-guide-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-header\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #e8eaf6 60%, #fff 100%);\">\n    1️⃣ 抗肿瘤药物的种类与基础知识\n  \u003C/div>\n  抗肿瘤药物覆盖多个类别，常见有细胞毒性药物（如奥沙利铂）、靶向药物（例如贝伐珠单抗）、以及辅助治疗用药如止吐剂。本篇主要聚焦抗肿瘤药品本身。下面将介绍7个关键用药细节，让每一位患者和陪护人员都能更安全、高效地使用这些药物。\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-drug-guide-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-header\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f3f8ee 60%, #fff 100%);\">\n    2️⃣ 药理机制简要说明\n  \u003C/div>\n  抗肿瘤药物常见的作用机制分为以下几类：\n  \u003Cul class=\"custom-drug-list\">\n    \u003Cli>细胞毒类：如奥沙利铂，通过干扰癌细胞DNA合成，阻止细胞分裂。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>靶向制剂：如贝伐珠单抗，可阻断肿瘤血管生成，对特定信号通路有抑制作用。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>辅助药物：常见有止吐药、护肝药等，用于减缓或防治不良反应。\u003C/li>\n  \u003C/ul>\n  这些机制决定了药物组合的科学性和专一性，不同药物联合可增强疗效或降低副作用。\u003Cbr>\n  \u003Cspan style=\"color:#607D8B;\">（参考文献：Emmanouilides, C., et al., 2004, \"Targeted therapies in colorectal cancer\", Semin Oncol. 31(4_suppl_10): 58-63.）\u003C/span>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-drug-guide-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-header\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #eaf2fb 60%, #fff 100%);\">\n    3️⃣ 标准服用方法与使用细节\n  \u003C/div>\n  正确用药方式是提高治疗效果、减少风险的关键。不同制剂有不同要求：\n  \u003Cul class=\"custom-drug-list\">\n    \u003Cli>静脉注射药物（如奥沙利铂）：必须由专业医护人员静脉给予，不可自行操作。输注需一定时间，速度控制有严格要求。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>口服制剂（如卡培他滨）：通常建议餐后30分钟内服用，并用200ml以上温水送服。空腹用药易刺激胃肠道。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>辅助药物如止吐药：按医生规定时间提前服用，可以明显减轻恶心呕吐。\u003C/li>\n  \u003C/ul>\n  \u003Cb>饮水要求：\u003C/b> 服用口服抗肿瘤药物时，切勿用茶、果汁、牛奶替代清水，因其可能影响药物吸收或代谢。\n\u003C/div>\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-drug-guide-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-header\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #ffeeee 60%, #fff 100%);\">\n    4️⃣ 剂型与专属服用小技巧\n  \u003C/div>\n  抗肿瘤药物的剂型多样，尤其是口服制剂需注意操作细节：\n  \u003Cul class=\"custom-drug-list\">\n    \u003Cli>\n      \u003Cb>肠溶片/缓释片：\u003C/b> 不可掰开、嚼碎或研粉，否则会影响药效或增加不良反应的风险。\n    \u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\n      \u003Cb>胶囊：\u003C/b> 整粒吞服，不建议倒出胶囊内药粉服用。\n    \u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\n      \u003Cb>注射剂：\u003C/b> 一定要保证药品溶解充分，无絮状物或结晶。输注中有红肿、疼痛、渗漏等应立刻报告医护人员。\n    \u003C/li>\n  \u003C/ul>\n  有一位48岁的男性患者，在用口服卡培他滨时因吞咽困难自行将药片掰碎，导致口腔黏膜严重刺激。正确做法是向医护或药师反映，由专业人员指导更安全的服药方案。\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-drug-guide-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-header\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #e8f9f4 60%, #fff 100%);\">\n    5️⃣ 用药剂量、疗程和漏服处理\n  \u003C/div>\n  抗肿瘤药物的剂量严格计算，常按体重、体表面积、肝肾功能等调整：\n  \u003Cul class=\"custom-drug-list\">\n    \u003Cli>\u003Cb>剂量：\u003C/b> 不得自行增减，任何调整都需经主治医生评估。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\u003Cb>疗程：\u003C/b> 按疗程连续用药是提升治疗效果的基础，不能随意中断。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\u003Cb>漏服怎么办？\u003C/b> 如果发现漏服，24小时内可尽快补服（间隔足够的情况下）。超过24小时无需补服，继续下次正常用药。勿一次服用双倍剂量。\u003C/li>\n  \u003C/ul>\n  \u003Cspan style=\"color:#607D8B;\">（参考文献：Haller, D.G. (2011). \"Oxaliplatin in the adjuvant treatment of colon cancer\", Semin Oncol. 38:S25–S29.）\u003C/span>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-drug-guide-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-header\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #fcf0e3 60%, #fff 100%);\">\n    6️⃣ 特殊人群用药注意事项\n  \u003C/div>\n  特定人群在抗肿瘤药物使用时要格外留心：\n  \u003Cul class=\"custom-drug-list\">\n    \u003Cli>\u003Cb>老年人：\u003C/b> 与年轻患者相比，更容易出现不良反应。部分药品需调整剂量或减少用药频率。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\u003Cb>肝肾功能减退者：\u003C/b> 药物代谢排泄能力下降，推荐定期肝肾功能监测，并根据功能状况调整剂量。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\u003Cb>备孕、孕妇和哺乳期：\u003C/b> 当前多数学者认为抗肿瘤类药物禁用于孕期和哺乳期，具体风险需医生仔细评估后决定。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\u003Cb>儿童：\u003C/b> 目前多数抗肿瘤药物缺乏儿童用药安全数据，使用时需依赖专业团队个性化指导。\u003C/li>\n  \u003C/ul>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-drug-guide-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-header\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #e7eeee 60%, #fff 100%);\">\n    7️⃣ 药物相互作用和联合用药须知\n  \u003C/div>\n  抗肿瘤药物联合使用普遍，但具备复杂的相互作用：\n  \u003Cul class=\"custom-drug-list\">\n    \u003Cli>\n      \u003Cb>典型相互作用：\u003C/b>\n      奥沙利铂与氟尿嘧啶合用可增强疗效。但氟尿嘧啶不能与维生素B6同用，否则会影响药效。\n    \u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\n      \u003Cb>药物与食物：\u003C/b>\n      某些抗肿瘤药（如甲氨蝶呤）与牛奶、大量高脂餐同服可能影响吸收，建议餐后清水送服。\n    \u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\n      \u003Cb>辅助药物：\u003C/b>\n      同时合用抗生素、利尿剂等会增加肾毒性或其他副作用，需征求医生意见。\u003C/li>\n  \u003C/ul>\n  \u003Cspan style=\"color:#607D8B;\">（参考文献：Hofheinz, R.D., et al., 2012. \"Capecitabine in colorectal cancer: efficacy, safety and combination regimens,\" Cancer Treat Rev. 38(7): 843-853.）\u003C/span>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-drug-guide-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-header\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #fffde5 60%, #fff 100%);\">\n    8️⃣ 常见不良反应与处理方法\n  \u003C/div>\n  \u003Cul class=\"custom-drug-list\">\n    \u003Cli>\u003Cb>胃肠道反应：\u003C/b> 恶心、呕吐、腹泻，常见于奥沙利铂和卡培他滨。提前使用止吐药，可有效减少症状。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\u003Cb>骨髓抑制：\u003C/b> 包括白细胞、血小板减少。定期监测血常规，出现异常应及时调整用药。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\u003Cb>外周神经病变：\u003C/b> 奥沙利铂引起手足麻木、刺痛，若症状加重需及时停药或调整方案。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\u003Cb>口腔黏膜溃疡：\u003C/b> 多见于口服化疗药，服药期间保持口腔清洁，出现溃疡可用温盐水漱口。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\u003Cb>皮肤起疹：\u003C/b> 靶向药物常见。避免阳光直射，局部温水清洗，重症应向医生咨询。\u003C/li>\n  \u003C/ul>\n  正确做法：一旦发现不适，切勿自行用药或停药，应第一时间联系医护人员处理。\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-drug-guide-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-header\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #ecf1f7 60%, #fff 100%);\">\n    9️⃣ 储存方法与有效期限\n  \u003C/div>\n  药品储存对药效有决定性影响：\n  \u003Cul class=\"custom-drug-list\">\n    \u003Cli>大部分抗肿瘤口服药物需置于阴凉、干燥处（\u003Cb>温度一般不高于25℃\u003C/b>）；注意避光密封。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>部分需冷藏的化药/生物制品，须放入2~8℃冰箱专用药品区，避免冷冻。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>开封/配制好的注射用药建议限时使用，剩余药液弃之。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>过期药品不能再用，应按医嘱交由正规机构处理。\u003C/li>\n  \u003C/ul>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-drug-guide-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-header\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f5f4e8 60%, #fff 100%);\">\n    🔟 用药安全的几点总结\n  \u003C/div>\n  \u003Cul class=\"custom-drug-list\">\n    \u003Cli>每种抗肿瘤药物有其专属用法和风险，绝对不能照搬他人经验。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>所有剂量、联合或停药决策须由专业医生评估。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>如有疑问（如服药后不适、漏服、剂量困惑），主动咨询医生或药师可降低风险。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>生活中常见的药品（如维生素、保健品、抗生素）使用前同样需报备给医生。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>储存及有效期遵循说明，不私自服用变质或来源不明的制剂。\u003C/li>\n  \u003C/ul>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-drug-guide-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-header\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #e8effa 60%, #fff 100%);\">\n    📎 典型用药案例分享\n  \u003C/div>\n  \u003Cul class=\"custom-drug-list\">\n    \u003Cli>有一位患者长期规律使用奥沙利铂，合并服用普通解热镇痛药，结果导致血小板骤降。说明联合用药一定要事先评估可能的风险。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>临床上卡培他滨辅助治疗口服时，患者用牛奶送服，后出现腹泻。药师建议改用温开水，症状缓解。\u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>住院期间多例患者合用止吐药预防呕吐，显示不良反应发生率可降低至30%以下。说明规范配伍非常重要。\u003C/li>\n  \u003C/ul>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"custom-drug-guide-section\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"custom-section-header\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f4ebef 60%, #fff 100%);\">\n    📚 主要英文参考文献\n  \u003C/div>\n  \u003Cul class=\"custom-drug-list\">\n    \u003Cli>\n      Emmanouilides, C., et al. (2004). Targeted therapies in colorectal cancer. \u003Ci>Seminars in Oncology\u003C/i>, 31(4_suppl_10), 58-63.\n    \u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\n      Haller, D.G. (2011). Oxaliplatin in the adjuvant treatment of colon cancer. \u003Ci>Seminars in Oncology\u003C/i>, 38, S25–S29.\n    \u003C/li>\n    \u003Cli>\n      Hofheinz, R.D., et al. (2012). Capecitabine in colorectal cancer: efficacy, safety and combination regimens. \u003Ci>Cancer Treatment Reviews\u003C/i>, 38(7), 843-853.\n    \u003C/li>\n  \u003C/ul>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cstyle>\n.custom-drug-guide-title {\n  font-size: 32px;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  padding: 30px 0 16px 0;\n  color: #1b2946;\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg,#e3e6f0 60%,#fff 100%);\n  text-align: center;\n  letter-spacing: 2px;\n  border-radius: 18px 18px 0 0;\n  margin-bottom: 35px;\n}\n\n.custom-drug-guide-section {\n  margin: 0 auto 30px auto;\n  padding: 0 22px 20px 22px;\n  max-width: 900px;\n  background: #fafbfc;\n  border-radius: 7px;\n  font-size: 20px;\n  line-height: 1.85;\n  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px 0 rgba(215,218,224,0.12);\n}\n\n.custom-section-header {\n  font-size: 23px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  letter-spacing: 1.5px;\n  padding: 16px 18px 14px 10px;\n  margin: 0 -22px 22px -22px;\n  border-radius: 7px 7px 0 0;\n  color: #344974;\n  background-repeat: no-repeat;\n}\n\n.custom-drug-list {\n  margin: 18px 0 12px 6px;\n  padding-left: 26px;\n}\n\n.custom-drug-list li {\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\n  font-size:18px;\n  color:#474c55;\n}\n\u003C/style>\n\n","\u003Cdiv id=\"material_title\" class=\"custom-drug-guide-title\">\n  安全使用抗肿瘤药物：直肠癌治疗关键用药实用指南\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv cla",414,"2025-07-09 10:41:12","抗肿瘤药物,直肠癌,用药安全,副作用,治疗方案","了解抗肿瘤药物的种类与使用细节，确保直肠癌患者有效、安全地用药，减轻不良反应，实现更好的治疗效果。","2025-07-09 16:24:00",2,[34],{"menuId":35,"menuName":36,"parentId":21,"orderNum":32,"path":37,"component":38,"isFrame":39,"isCache":40,"menuType":41,"visible":42,"status":21,"createDept":6,"remark":23,"createTime":43,"children":44,"columnImage":45,"columnLogo":46,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":42,"isHome":21,"forceLogin":21,"color":47,"seoTitle":48,"seoKeywords":49,"seoDescription":50,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":51,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":52,"routerPath":37,"componentInfo":38},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","癌症肿瘤,重大疾病",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":56,"success":54},{"pageNo":42,"pageSize":57,"result":58,"totalSize":21},10,[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":60,"success":54},{"authors":61,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":62},[],[]]