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class=\"material-container\">   \u003Ch1 id=\"material_title\" class=\"material-title\">糖尿病：早发现早控制，远离并发症\u003C/h1>    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg1\">     \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">01 糖尿病到底是什么？\u003C/h2>     \u003Cp>平时听医生说“血糖高”，不少人会以为只是“甜食吃多了”。其实，糖尿病更像家里的水管突然“失控”：调节血糖的系统出问题了，导致身体里的葡萄糖一直“滞留”在血液中。\u003C/p>     \u003Cp>1型糖尿病常在年轻人群中突然出现，多因胰岛β细胞遭到免疫攻击，胰岛素基本“罢工”，终身依赖胰岛素。2型糖尿病则以成年人多见，近年发病年龄有下降趋势，主要因为身体对胰岛素“不太敏感”加上分泌功能逐渐衰弱。孕妇有时会出现“妊娠糖尿病”，多在产后回到正常，不过多年后患2型糖尿病的风险会增加。\u003C/p>   \u003C/div>    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg2\">     \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">02 身体发出这些信号要当心\u003C/h2>     \u003Cp>糖尿病并不会一开始就特别“夸张”，但身体会发一些小信号：\u003C/p>     \u003Cul class=\"material-list\">       \u003Cli>😀 \u003Cb>口渴明显增加\u003C/b>；水喝不少还是觉得渴\u003C/li>       \u003Cli>🍚 \u003Cb>饭量比以前大，还是体重下降\u003C/b>\u003C/li>       \u003Cli>🚻 \u003Cb>小便次数增多,\u003C/b> 白天夜里都要多跑几趟\u003C/li>       \u003Cli>😔 \u003Cb>容易疲劳\u003C/b>，做一点事就累\u003C/li>     \u003C/ul>     \u003Cdiv class=\"material-tip\">       \u003Cspan>Tip:\u003C/span> 除了“三多一少”，一些非典型症状也要随时关注，比如皮肤发痒、手脚感觉麻木、容易长疖子。有位58岁的阿姨，一直有脚趾发痒、伤口很难愈合，后来发现血糖高达11 mmol/L。如果遇到这些情况，建议尽快就医查明原因。     \u003C/div>   \u003C/div>    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg3\">     \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">03 哪些人更容易得糖尿病？\u003C/h2>     \u003Cp>说起来，糖尿病风险最大的不是“偶尔爱吃甜食”，而是长期“胰岛素抵抗”的人群（即身体对胰岛素的敏感性下降）。以下几类人尤其需要警惕：\u003C/p>     \u003Cul class=\"material-list2\">       \u003Cli>\u003Cb>肥胖或腰围偏大：\u003C/b>腹型肥胖是公认的高风险标志。研究显示，BMI大于28的人患2型糖尿病概率是正常体重者的3倍\u003Csup>[1]\u003C/sup>。\u003C/li>       \u003Cli>\u003Cb>年龄增长：\u003C/b>40岁以后，糖尿病风险显著提升。\u003C/li>       \u003Cli>\u003Cb>家族史：\u003C/b>有一级亲属（如父母）患糖尿病，遗传风险增加。\u003C/li>       \u003Cli>\u003Cb>多囊卵巢综合征、妊娠糖尿病史：\u003C/b>女性特殊人群亦需关注。\u003C/li>       \u003Cli>\u003Cb>长期缺乏运动、压力大：\u003C/b>生活节奏快但缺乏锻炼，也会增加危险。\u003C/li>     \u003C/ul>     \u003Cp>过去有一位45岁的男性患者，工作繁忙、常年偏胖，家族中父亲患有糖尿病。他在无明显不适时体检，空腹血糖已达7.8 mmol/L，被确诊为2型糖尿病。这也说明“高风险人群体检很有必要”。\u003C/p>   \u003C/div>    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg4\">     \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">04 确诊糖尿病要做哪些检查？\u003C/h2>     \u003Cdiv class=\"material-table-wrapper\">       \u003Ctable class=\"material-table\">         \u003Cthead>           \u003Ctr>             \u003Cth>项目\u003C/th>             \u003Cth>含义&参考值\u003C/th>             \u003Cth>临床意义\u003C/th>           \u003C/tr>         \u003C/thead>         \u003Ctbody>           \u003Ctr>             \u003Ctd>空腹血糖\u003C/td>             \u003Ctd>≥7.0 mmol/L\u003C/td>             \u003Ctd>诊断首选，需多次测定\u003C/td>           \u003C/tr>           \u003Ctr>             \u003Ctd>餐后2小时血糖\u003C/td>             \u003Ctd>≥11.1 mmol/L\u003C/td>             \u003Ctd>反映餐后血糖控制能力\u003C/td>           \u003C/tr>           \u003Ctr>             \u003Ctd>糖化血红蛋白 (HbA1c)\u003C/td>             \u003Ctd>≥6.5%\u003C/td>             \u003Ctd>评估近2-3月平均血糖\u003C/td>           \u003C/tr>           \u003Ctr>             \u003Ctd>OGTT（糖耐量试验）\u003C/td>             \u003Ctd>（空腹→餐后2小时）\u003C/td>             \u003Ctd>疑似但未达标准时使用\u003C/td>           \u003C/tr>         \u003C/tbody>       \u003C/table>     \u003C/div>     \u003Cdiv class=\"material-tip\">       \u003Cspan>Tips:\u003C/span> 检查前需保持空腹8小时，且避免剧烈运动。确诊后，每3个月复查1次HbA1c，每年做1次全面并发症筛查（如眼底、足部、肾功能）。     \u003C/div>   \u003C/div>    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg5\">     \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">05 科学控糖的三大武器\u003C/h2>     \u003Cp>糖尿病治疗需要药物、饮食和运动三个“搭档”协同发力。不同人的方案需要医生个性化设计。\u003C/p>     \u003Cul class=\"material-list\">       \u003Cli>💊 \u003Cb>药物治疗：\u003C/b>1型患者通常需要胰岛素。2型患者多从二甲双胍等口服药开始，有需要时加用SGLT-2抑制剂、GLP-1受体激动剂，进展严重需胰岛素。\u003C/li>       \u003Cli>🥗 \u003Cb>饮食管理：\u003C/b>采用低GI（升糖指数）食物，每餐主食用手掌法则估算。简单说，主食量相当于自己一只手掌，蔬菜水果最好比主食略多，蛋白质适量。\u003C/li>       \u003Cli>🧑‍🦽 \u003Cb>运动干预：\u003C/b>每周累计150分钟的中等强度有氧运动（如快走、游泳），有助于提高胰岛素敏感性。\u003C/li>     \u003C/ul>     \u003Cdiv class=\"material-tip\">       \u003Cspan>注意\u003C/span> 低血糖属于治疗中的常见副作用。补充含糖食物、避免单独剧烈运动都能减轻风险。药物调整需在专业医生指导下进行。     \u003C/div>   \u003C/div>    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg6\">     \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">06 糖友日常管理实用技巧\u003C/h2>     \u003Cp>日常管理并不复杂，关键是规律监测、饮食有度，以及做好细节照顾。例如：\u003C/p>     \u003Cdiv class=\"material-list3\">       \u003Cul>         \u003Cli>📅 \u003Cb>血糖监测：\u003C/b>空腹与餐后2小时各测1次，每周汇总1次血糖日记。\u003C/li>         \u003Cli>🦶 \u003Cb>足部护理：\u003C/b>每天检查足部有无破损、红肿、感染，小伤需及时上药包扎。\u003C/li>         \u003Cli>🍽️ \u003Cb>饮食“手掌法则”：\u003C/b>每餐主食量相当于一只手掌，蛋白质约半掌，绿叶蔬菜不设限。\u003C/li>         \u003Cli>😴 \u003Cb>作息规律：\u003C/b>保证每天7-8小时睡眠，有助于维持良好代谢。\u003C/li>       \u003C/ul>     \u003C/div>     \u003Cdiv class=\"material-extra\">       \u003Cb>📋 额外提醒：\u003C/b>确诊糖尿病后，建议每3个月查一次糖化血红蛋白，每年做1次全面并发症筛查（包括眼底、肾功能、神经病变等项目）。有并发症或已年长者需按医嘱调整复查频率。     \u003C/div>   \u003C/div>    \u003Cdiv class=\"material-section material-bg7\">     \u003Ch2 class=\"material-subtitle\">引用文献\u003C/h2>     \u003Col class=\"material-reference\">       \u003Cli>American Diabetes Association. (2023). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care, 46(Supplement_1), S1–S291. \u003Ca href=\"https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/46/Supplement_1/S1/148301/Introduction-Standards-of-Care-in-Diabetes\" target=\"_blank\">查看原文\u003C/a>\u003C/li>       \u003Cli>Colberg, S. R., et al. (2016). Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 39(11), 2065–2079. \u003Ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27926890/\" target=\"_blank\">查看原文\u003C/a>\u003C/li>       \u003Cli>International Diabetes Federation. (2021). IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation. \u003Ca href=\"https://diabetesatlas.org/\" target=\"_blank\">查看原文\u003C/a>\u003C/li>     \u003C/ol>   \u003C/div> \u003C/div> \u003Cstyle> .material-container {   max-width: 760px;   margin: 24px auto 40px auto;   padding: 28px 20px 35px 20px;   background: #fff;   border-radius: 18px;   box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(120, 140, 140, 0.08);   font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'PingFang SC', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;   color: #27313A;   font-size: 1.06em;   line-height: 1.7; } .material-title {   font-size: 2em;   font-weight: 700;   text-align: center;   letter-spacing: 1.5px;   margin: 0 0 36px 0;   color: #156a75; } .material-section {   margin-bottom: 36px;   border-radius: 14px;   padding: 30px 22px 28px 28px; } .material-subtitle {   font-size: 1.28em;   margin-bottom: 18px;   font-weight: bold;   color: #17546e;   letter-spacing: 1px; } .material-bg1 { background: #f2fafc; } .material-bg2 { background: #f0f5fc; } .material-bg3 { background: #f7f8fa; } .material-bg4 { background: #f9faf3; } .material-bg5 { background: #f8f6f1; } .material-bg6 { background: #f4f7f9; } .material-bg7 { background: #f7fafd; }  .material-list, .material-list2, .material-list3 ul {   padding-left: 1.4em; } .material-list li, .material-list2 li, .material-list3 li {   margin-bottom: 7px;   font-size: 1em;   list-style: disc outside; } .material-list2 li {   list-style: circle;   margin-bottom: 10px; } .material-list3 ul {   padding-left: 0.5em; } .material-list3 li {   list-style: none;   margin-bottom: 12px; } .material-tip {   background: #f5faf5;   border-left: 4px solid #65b28b;   color: #2c5745;   padding: 13px 18px;   margin: 18px 0 0 0;   border-radius: 7px;   font-size: 0.98em; } .material-tip span {   font-weight: bold;   margin-right: 6px; } .material-extra {   background: #eaf2fe;   color: #144466;   border-radius: 8px;   padding: 13px 16px 10px 15px;   margin-top: 17px;   font-size: 0.98em; } .material-table-wrapper {   overflow-x: auto;   margin: 17px 0 0 0; } .material-table {   width: 100%;   border-collapse: collapse;   font-size: 0.97em;   background: #fffefa;   border-radius: 7px;   box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(210,220,190,0.05); } .material-table th, .material-table td {   border: 1px solid #ecebe4;   padding: 8px 11px;   text-align: left; } .material-table th {   background: #f6f9e7;   color: #354525;   font-weight: 600; } .material-table tbody tr:nth-child(odd) {   background: #fcfcf9; } .material-reference {   font-size: 0.98em;   padding-left: 1.4em;   color: #39626a; } .material-reference li {   margin-bottom: 7px; } .material-reference a {   color: #20698e;   text-decoration: underline;   margin-left: 5px; } @media screen and (max-width: 600px) {   .material-container {     padding: 11px 3% 24px 3%;   }   .material-section {     padding: 16px 8px 17px 6px;   }   .material-title {     font-size: 1.4em;     margin-bottom: 21px;   } } \u003C/style>","了解糖尿病的症状与高危人群，及时筛查和科学控糖，帮助你远离并发症，维护健康，尤其适合中老年、肥胖人群!",527,0,"2025-03-12 15:04:53","糖尿病症状、风险与控制指南 - 早发现早预防  \n","糖尿病症状,糖尿病风险因素,血糖控制,糖尿病预防,糖尿病早期发现,糖尿病管理,健康生活方式  \n","了解糖尿病的常见症状与风险因素，掌握有效的血糖控制方法。本指南提供实用的预防与管理建议，帮助您及早发现糖尿病迹象，采取健康生活方式保护自身健康。","2025-08-18 16:50:00",[35],{"menuId":36,"menuName":37,"parentId":28,"orderNum":21,"path":38,"component":39,"isFrame":40,"isCache":41,"menuType":42,"visible":43,"status":28,"createDept":6,"remark":23,"createTime":44,"children":45,"columnImage":46,"columnLogo":47,"uncheckedLogo":6,"checkedLogo":6,"isHot":43,"isHome":28,"forceLogin":28,"color":48,"seoTitle":49,"seoKeywords":50,"seoDescription":51,"contentNum":6,"promotionalPoster":52,"menuFrame":7,"innerLink":7,"parentView":7,"routeName":53,"routerPath":38,"componentInfo":39},"1986713082609147906","健康科普","article","/article.html","1","0","T",1,"2025-11-07 16:31:25",[],"https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:49/d4291d16-ed1c-48dd-84c8-ec1f85980b75.png","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:52/6fe64094-9416-442c-a66d-032fb292666a.png","#c8e6ca","健康科普助力健康中国2030:共享健康知识新理念","健康科普, 健康中国, 科普知识, 健康家庭, 性健康, 营养健康, 运动健康, 科普宣传","探索健康科普在健康中国行动中的重要角色,了解最新的健康科普创新大赛、动漫及短视频,传播健康知识,助力全民健康。","https://ystcdn.venuertc.com/venue/undefined/2026-01-24-18:08:56/bd33f471-6c54-4d1b-a364-b06973dbc144.png","Article","慢性病",true,{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":57,"success":55},{"pageNo":43,"pageSize":58,"result":59,"totalSize":28},10,[],{"code":9,"msg":10,"message":6,"data":61,"success":55},{"authors":62,"appraiseDimensionScoresVos":63},[],[]]